Internet Infrastructure : Networking, Web Services, and Cloud Computing

__Internet Infrastructure: Networking, Web Services, and Cloud Computing__ provides a comprehensive introduction to networks and the Internet from several perspectives: the underlying media, the protocols, the hardware, the servers, and their uses. The material in the text is divided into concept chapters that are followed up with case study chapters that examine how to install, configure, and secure a server that offers the given service discussed. The book covers in detail the Bind DNS name server, the Apache web server, and the Squid proxy server. It also provides background on those servers by discussing DNS, DHCP, HTTP, HTTPS, digital certificates and encryption, web caches, and the variety of protocols that support web caching. Introductory networking content, as well as advanced Internet content, is also included in chapters on networks, LANs and WANs, TCP/IP, TCP/IP tools, cloud computing, and an examination of the Amazon Cloud Service. Online resources include supplementary content that is available via the textbook's companion website, as well useful resources for faculty and students alike, including: a complete lab manual; power point notes, for installing, configuring, securing and experimenting with many of the servers discussed in the text; power point notes; animation tutorials to illustrate some of the concepts; two appendices; and complete input/output listings for the example Amazon cloud operations covered in the book. Cover 1 Half Title 2 Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Dedication 6 Table of Contents 8 Acknowledgments 16 Preface 18 Authors 20 Chapter 1: An Introduction to Networks 22 1.1 Network Communication 22 1.1.1 Network Devices 23 1.1.2 Servers 26 1.1.3 Network Media 28 1.1.4 Network Hardware 32 1.2 Types of Networks 34 1.2.1 Network Topology 34 1.2.2 Classifications of Networks 37 1.3 Network Protocols 38 1.3.1 Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol 39 1.3.2 Open Systems Interconnection 40 1.3.3 Bluetooth 43 1.3.4 Frame Relay 44 1.4 Ethernet 45 1.5 The Internet: An Introduction 47 1.5.1 What Is a Network Address? 47 1.5.2 Error Handling 49 1.5.3 Encryption Technologies 53 1.5.4 The Firewall 57 1.5.5 Network Caches 58 1.6 Chapter Review 60 Review Questions 60 Review Problems 61 Discussion Questions 62 Chapter 2: Case Study: Building Local Area Networks 64 2.1 Introduction 64 2.2 Ethernet 66 2.2.1 Ethernet at the Physical Layer 66 2.2.2 Ethernet Data Link Layer Specifications 70 2.2.3 Building an Ethernet Local Area Network 72 2.3 Wireless Local Area Networks 74 2.3.1 Wireless Local Area Network Topologies and Associations 75 2.3.2 Wireless Local Area Network Standards 78 2.3.3 Wireless Hardware Devices 80 2.3.4 Wireless Local Area Network Frames 83 2.3.5 Setting Up a Wireless Local Area Network 86 2.3.6 Related Technologies 89 2.4 Securing Your Local Area Network 92 2.5 Virtual Private Networks 96 2.6 Chapter Review 98 Review Questions 99 Review Problems 99 Discussion Questions 100 Chapter 3: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol 102 3.1 Introduction 102 3.2 Application Layer 103 3.2.1 File Transfer Protocol 104 3.2.2 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 106 3.2.3 Secure Sockets Layer and Transport Layer Security 108 3.2.4 Email Protocols 112 3.2.5 Secure Shell and Telnet 114 3.3 Transport Layer 115 3.3.1 Transmission Control Protocol Handshake and Connections 116 3.3.2 Datagrams: Transmission Control Protocol, User Datagram Protocol, and Others 117 3.3.3 Flow Control and Multiplexing 122 3.4 Internet Layer 123 3.4.1 Internet Protocol Version 4 and Internet Protocol Version 6 Addresses 123 3.4.2 Internet Protocol Version 4 Packets 128 3.4.3 Internet Protocol Version 6 Addresses 130 3.4.4 Establishing Internet Protocol Addresses: Statically and Dynamically 133 3.4.5 Internet Control Message Protocol and Internet Group Management Protocol 135 3.4.6 Network Address Translation 137 3.5 Link Layer 139 3.6 Chapter Review 142 Review Questions 142 Review Problems 143 Discussion Questions 144 Chapter 4: Case Study: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol Tools 146 4.1 Packet Capture Programs 146 4.1.1 Wireshark 147 4.1.2 tcpdump 157 4.2 Netcat 158 4.3 Linux/Unix Network Programs 162 4.3.1 The Linux/Unix ip Command 163 4.3.2 Other Noteworthy Network Resources 164 4.3.3 Logging Programs 170 4.4 Domain Name System Commands 173 4.5 Base64 Encoding 177 4.6 Chapter Review 179 Review Questions 179 Review Problems 180 Discussion Questions 181 Chapter 5: Domain Name System 182 5.1 Domain Name System Infrastructure 183 5.1.1 Domain Name System Client 183 5.1.2 Domain Name System Server 188 5.1.3 Domain Name System Databases 199 5.2 Domain Name System Protocol 207 5.3 Domain Name System Performance 210 5.3.1 Client-Side Domain Name System Caching 212 5.3.2 Server-Side Domain Name System Caching 215 5.3.3 Domain Name System Prefetching 217 5.3.4 Load Balancing and Domain Name System-Based Load Balancing 219 5.3.5 Client-Side Domain Name System versus Server-Side Domain Name System Load Balancing 230 5.4 Domain Name System-Based Content Distribution Networks 232 5.5 Domain Name System-Based Spam Prevention 234 5.6 Chapter Review 236 Review Questions 236 Review Problems 237 Discussion Questions 238 Chapter 6: Case Study: BIND and DHCP 240 6.1 Bind 240 6.1.1 Installing BIND 240 6.1.2 Configuring BIND 242 6.1.3 Running the BIND Server 249 6.1.4 The rndc Utility 250 6.1.5 Simple BIND Configuration Example 251 6.1.6 Master and Slave BIND Configuration Example 256 6.1.7 Configuring Caching-Only and Forwarding DNS Servers 258 6.2 Dynamic Internet Protocol Addressing 264 6.2.1 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 264 6.2.2 ISC DHCP Server 266 6.2.3 Integrating the ISC DHCP Server with the BIND DNS Server 272 6.3 Configuring Dnssec for a Bind Server 273 6.4 Chapter Review 277 Review Questions 278 Review Problems 279 Discussion Questions 280 Chapter 7: Introduction to Web Servers 282 7.1 Hypertext Transfer Protocol 283 7.1.1 How Hypertext Transfer Protocol Works 283 7.1.2 Hypertext Transfer Protocol Request and Response Messages 287 7.1.3 Cookies 292 7.2 Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure and Building Digital Certificates 293 7.3 HTTP/2 297 7.4 Content Negotiation 302 7.4.1 Language Negotiation 303 7.4.2 Other Forms of Negotiation 304 7.5 Server-Side Includes and Scripts 306 7.5.1 Uses of Common Gateway Interface 307 7.5.2 Server-Side Includes 307 7.5.3 Server-Side Scripts 309 7.6 Other Web Server Features 311 7.6.1 Virtual Hosts 311 7.6.2 Cache Control 312 7.6.3 Authentication 313 7.6.4 Filtering 314 7.6.5 Forms of Redirection 315 7.7 Web Server Concerns 317 7.7.1 Backend Databases 318 7.7.2 Web Server Security 320 7.7.3 Load Balancing 323 7.8 Chapter Review 325 Review Questions 325 Review Problems 326 Discussion Questions 327 Chapter 8: Case Study: The Apache Web Server 328 8.1 Installing and Running Apache 328 8.1.1 Installing an Apache Executable 328 8.1.2 Installing Apache from Source Code 329 8.1.3 Running Apache 332 8.2 Basic Apache Configuration 333 8.2.1 Loading Modules 334 8.2.2 Server Directives 336 8.2.3 Directory Containers 341 8.2.4 Access Files 346 8.2.5 Other Containers 347 8.2.6 Handlers 350 8.3 Modules 352 8.4 Advanced Configuration 354 8.4.1 Logging 354 8.4.2 Content Negotiation 358 8.4.3 Filters 362 8.4.4 Authentication and Handling Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure 364 8.5 Other Useful Apache Features 366 8.5.1 Spell Checking 366 8.5.2 Controlling Headers 367 8.5.3 Virtual Hosts 370 8.5.4 Indexes Options 373 8.5.5 Controlling Caching 375 8.5.6 Efficiency Considerations 376 8.6 Redirection and Rewrite Rules 378 8.7 Executing Server-Side Scripts in Apache 382 8.8 Chapter Review 388 Review Questions 388 Review Problems 390 Discussion Questions 391 Chapter 9: Web Caching 394 9.1 Introduction to the Cache 395 9.2 Cache Strategies 398 9.2.1 Cache Replacement Strategies 398 9.2.2 Cache Consistency 401 9.3 Cooperative Caching 404 9.4 Establishing a Web Proxy 409 9.4.1 Manual Proxy Setup 410 9.4.2 Proxy Auto Configuration 411 9.4.3 Web Cache Communication Protocol Interception 412 9.5 Dynamic Proxy Caching Techniques 419 9.5.1 Caching Partial Content of Dynamic Pages 419 9.5.2 Dynamic Content Caching Protocol 421 9.5.3 Internet Content Adaptation Protocol 424 9.5.4 Database Query Result Caching 425 9.6 Chapter Review 426 Review Questions 426 Review Problems 427 Discussion Questions 430 Chapter 10: Case Study: The Squid Proxy Server 432 10.1 Introduction to Squid 433 10.2 Installing and Running Squid 433 10.3 Basic Squid Configuration 437 10.4 The Squid Caches 441 10.4.1 Squid File System Types 441 10.4.2 Configuring Squid Caches 443 10.5 Squid Neighbors 446 10.6 Access Control in Squid 455 10.6.1 The acl Directive 456 10.6.2 Example acl Statements 458 10.6.3 Access Control Directives 460 10.7 Other Squid Features 462 10.7.1 Squid Log Files 462 10.7.2 Redirection 466 10.7.3 Authentication Helpers 468 10.8 Chapter Review 470 Review Questions 470 Review Problems 471 Discussion Problems 472 Chapter 11: Cloud Computing 474 11.1 Web System Qualities 475 11.1.1 Performance 475 11.1.2 Availability 479 11.2 Mechanisms to Ensure Availability 483 11.2.1 Redundant Array of Independent Disks 483 11.2.2 Redundant Array of Independent Network Interfaces 487 11.2.3 High-Availability Clustering 489 11.3 Scalability 490 11.3.1 Vertical Scaling 491 11.3.2 Horizontal Scaling 492 11.3.3 Auto Scaling 493 11.4 Cloud Computing 495 11.4.1 Cloud Characteristics 495 11.4.2 Cloud Deployment Models 499 11.5 Virtualization 502 11.5.1 Compute Virtualization 502 11.5.2 Storage Virtualization 503 11.5.3 Network Virtualization 508 11.6 Web Services 509 11.7 Chapter Review 512 Review Questions 513 Review Problems 514 Discussion Questions 516 Chapter 12: Case Study: Amazon Web Services 518 12.1 Amazon Web Service Infrastructure 518 12.1.1 Global Infrastructure 518 12.1.2 Foundation Services 518 12.1.3 Platform Services 520 12.2 Using Amazon Web Service 521 12.2.1 Using Amazon Web Service through the Graphical User Interface 521 12.2.2 Using the Amazon Web Service Command Line Interface 522 12.3 Compute Service: Elastic Compute Cloud 524 12.3.1 Elastic Compute Cloud Concepts 524 12.3.2 Building a Virtual Server in the Cloud 527 12.3.3 Elastic Compute Cloud Storage Service 533 12.4 Amazon Web Service Network Service 547 12.4.1 Virtual Private Cloud 547 12.4.2 Route 53 552 12.5 Cloudwatch, Simple Notification Service, and Elastic Load Balancer 562 12.6 Establishing Scalability 570 12.7 Performance 573 12.7.1 ElastiCache 574 12.7.2 CloudFront 581 12.8 Security 584 12.9 Platform Services 591 12.9.1 Email through Simple Email Service 591 12.9.2 Relational Database Service 595 12.10 Deployment and Logging 598 12.10.1 CloudFormation 598 12.10.2 CloudTrail 604 12.11 Chapter Review 606 Review Questions 606 Review Problems 608 Discussion Questions 609 Bibliography 612 Index 620 Content: An Introduction to NetworksNetwork CommunicationTypes of Networks Network ProtocolsEthernetThe Internet: An IntroductionChapter ReviewCase Study: Building Local Area NetworksIntroductionEthernetWLANsSecuring Your LANVPNsChapter ReviewTCP/IPIntroductionApplication LayerTransport LayerInternet LayerLink LayerChapter ReviewCase Study: TCP/IP ToolsPacket Capture ProgramsNetCatLinux/Unix Network ProgramsDNS CommandsBase64 EncodingChapter ReviewDNSDNS InfrastructureDNS ProtocolDNS PerformanceDNS-Based Content Distribution NetworksDNS-Based SPAM PreventionChapter ReviewCase Study: BIND and DHCPBINDDynamic IP AddressingConfiguring DNSSEC for a BIND ServerIntroduction to Web ServersHypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)HTTPS and Building Digital CertificatesHTTP/2Content NegotiationServer-Side Includes and ScriptsOther Web Server FeaturesWeb Server ConcernsCase Study: The Apache Web ServerInstalling and Running ApacheBasic Apache ConfigurationModulesAdvanced ConfigurationOther Useful Apache FeaturesRedirection and Rewrite RulesExecuting Server-Side Scripts in ApacheWeb CachingIntroduction to the CacheCache StrategiesCooperative CachingEstablishing a Web ProxyDynamic Proxy Caching TechniquesThe Squid Proxy ServerIntroduction to SquidInstalling and Running SquidBasic Squid ConfigurationThe Squid CachesSquid NeighborsAccess Control in SquidOther Squid FeaturesCloud ComputingWeb System QualitiesMechanisms to Ensure AvailabilityScalabilityCloud ComputingVirtualizationWeb ServicesAmazon Web ServiceAWS InfrastructureUsing AWSCompute Service: Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)AWS Network ServiceCloudWatch, Simple Notification Service and Elastic Load BalancerEstablishing ScalabilityPerformanceSecurityPlatform ServicesDeploying and Logging "Internet Infrastructure: Networking, Web Services, and Cloud Computing provides a comprehensive introduction to networks and the Internet from several perspectives: the underlying media, the protocols, the hardware, the servers, and their uses. The material in the text is divided into concept chapters that are followed up with case study chapters that examine how to install, configure, and secure a server that offers the given service discussed. The book covers in detail the Bind DNS name server, the Apache web server, and the Squid proxy server. It also provides background on those servers by discussing DNS, DHCP, HTTP, HTTPS, digital certificates and encryption, web caches, and the variety of protocols that support web caching. Introductory networking content, as well as advanced Internet content, is also included in chapters on networks, LANs and WANs, TCP/IP, TCP/IP tools, cloud computing, and an examination of the Amazon Cloud Service. Online resources include supplementary content that is available via the textbooks companion website, as well useful resources for faculty and students alike, including: a complete lab manual; power point notes, for installing, configuring, securing and experimenting with many of the servers discussed in the text; power point notes; animation tutorials to illustrate some of the concepts; two appendices; and complete input/output listings for the example Amazon cloud operations covered in the book."-- Publisher's description