Introduction to Electric Circuits

"First published in 1959, Herbert Jackson's Introduction to Electric Circuits is a core text for introductory circuit analysis courses taught in electronics and electrical engineering technology programs. Praised for its clarity and accessibility and its comprehensive problem sets, the text set the standard for introductory circuit texts in this country and now distinguishes itself as the most accessible, student-friendly circuits text available. This tenth edition revision emphasizes 30% new questions found in-text and on end-of-chapter problem sets, review questions, and quizzes. It also includes new content on breadboards, colour codes for band resistors, digital multimeters, nodal analysis, and three-phase systems."-- Provided by publisher Cover Introduction to Electric Circuits Contents From the Publisher From the Preface to the First Edition (1959) From the Authors of the Tenth Edition PART I: The Basic Electric Circuit 1: Introduction Key Terms Learning Outcomes 1-1 Circuit Diagrams 1-2 The International System of Units 1-3 Calculators for Circuit Theory 1-4 Numerical Accuracy 1-5 Scientific Notation 1-6 SI Unit Prefixes 1-7 Conversion of Units Summary Problems Review Questions Integrate the Concepts Practice Quiz 2: Current and Voltage Key Terms Learning Outcomes 2-1 The Nature of Charge 2-2 Free Electrons in Metals 2-3 Electric Current 2-4 The Coulomb 2-5 The Ampere 2-6 Potential Difference 2-7 The Volt 2-8 EMF, Potential Difference, and Voltage 2-9 Conventional Current and Electron Flow Summary Problems Review Questions Integrate the Concepts Practice Quiz 3: Conductors, Insulators, and Semiconductors Key Terms Learning Outcomes 3-1 Conductors 3-2 Electrolytic Conduction 3-3 Insulators 3-4 Insulator Breakdown 3-5 Semiconductors Summary Review Questions Integrate the Concepts Practice Quiz 4: Cells, Batteries, and Other Voltage Sources Key Terms Learning Outcomes 4-1 Basic Terminology 4-2 Simple Primary Cell 4-3 Carbon-Zinc and Alkaline Cells 4-4 Other Commercial Primary Cells 4-5 Secondary Cells 4-6 Capacity of Cells and Batteries 4-7 Fuel Cells 4-8 Other Voltage Sources Summary Problems Review Questions Integrate the Concepts Practice Quiz 5: Resistance and Ohm’s Law Key Terms Learning Outcomes 5-1 Ohm’s Law 5-2 The Nature of Resistance 5-3 Factors Governing Resistance 5-4 Resistivity 5-5 Circular Mils 5-6 American Wire Gauge 5-7 Effect of Temperature on Resistance 5-8 Temperature Coefficient of Resistance 5-9 Linear Resistors 5-10 Nonlinear Resistors 5-11 Resistor Colour Code 5-12 Variable Resistors 5-13 Voltage-Current Characteristics 5-14 Applying Ohm’s Law Summary Problems Review Questions Integrate the Concepts Practice Quiz 6: Work and Power Key Terms Learning Outcomes 6-1 Energy and Work 6-2 Power 6-3 Efficiency 6-4 The Kilowatt Hour 6-5 Relationships Among Basic Electric Units 6-6 Heating Effect of Current Summary Problems Review Questions Integrate the Concepts Practice Quiz PART II: Resistance Networks 7: Series and Parallel Circuits Key Terms Learning Outcomes 7-1 Resistors in Series 7-2 Voltage Drops in Series Circuits 7-3 Double-Subscript Notation 7-4 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law 7-5 Characteristics of Series Circuits 7-6 Internal Resistance 7-7 Cells in Series 7-8 Maximum Power Transfer 7-9 Resistors in Parallel 7-10 Kirchhoff’s Current Law 7-11 Conductance and Conductivity 7-12 Characteristics of Parallel Circuits 7-13 Cells in Parallel 7-14 Troubleshooting Summary Problems Review Questions Integrate the Concepts Practice Quiz 8: Series-Parallel Circuits Key Terms Learning Outcomes 8-1 Series-Parallel Resistors 8-2 Equivalent-Circuit Method 8-3 Kirchhoff’s Laws Method 8-4 Voltage-Divider Principle 8-5 Voltage Dividers 8-6 Current-Divider Principle 8-7 Cells in Series-Parallel 8-8 Troubleshooting Summary Problems Review Questions Integrate the Concepts Practice Quiz 9: Resistance Networks Key Terms Learning Outcomes 9-1 Network Equations from Kirchhoff’s Laws 9-2 Constant-Voltage Sources 9-3 Constant-Current Sources 9-4 Source Conversion 9-5 Kirchhoff’s Voltage-Law Equations: Loop Procedure 9-6 Networks with More Than One Voltage Source 9-7 Loop Equations in Multisource Networks 9-8 Mesh Analysis 9-9 Kirchhoff’s Current-Law Equations 9-10 Nodal Analysis 9-11 The Superposition Theorem Summary Problems Review Questions Integrate the Concepts Practice Quiz 10: Equivalent-Circuit Theorems Key Terms Learning Outcomes 10-1 Thévenin’s Theorem 10-2 Norton’s Theorem 10-3 Dependent Sources 10-4 Delta-Wye Transformation 10-5 Troubleshooting Summary Problems Review Questions Integrate the Concepts Practice Quiz 11: Electrical Measurement Key Terms Learning Outcomes 11-1 Moving-Coil Meters 11-2 The Ammeter 11-3 The Voltmeter 11-4 Voltmeter Loading Effect 11-5 Resistance Measurement 11-6 The Electrodynamometer Movement 11-7 Multimeters Summary Problems Review Questions Integrate the Concepts Practice Quiz PART III: Capacitance and Inductance 12: Capacitance Key Terms Learning Outcomes 12-1 Electric Fields 12-2 Dielectrics 12-3 Capacitance 12-4 Capacitors 12-5 Factors Governing Capacitance 12-6 Dielectric Constant 12-7 Capacitors in Parallel 12-8 Capacitors in Series Summary Problems Review Questions Integrate the Concepts Practice Quiz 13: Capacitance in dc Circuits Key Terms Learning Outcomes 13-1 Charging a Capacitor 13-2 Rate of Change of Voltage 13-3 Time Constant 13-4 Graphical Solution for Capacitor Voltage 13-5 Discharging a Capacitor 13-6 Algebraic Solution for Capacitor Voltage 13-7 Transient Response 13-8 Energy Stored by a Capacitor 13-9 Characteristics of Capacitive DC Circuits 13-10 Troubleshooting Summary Problems Review Questions Integrate the Concepts Practice Quiz 14: Magnetism Key Terms Learning Outcomes 14-1 Magnetic Fields 14-2 Magnetic Field around a Current-Carrying Conductor 14-3 Magnetic Flux 14-4 Magnetomotive Force 14-5 Reluctance 14-6 Permeance and Permeability 14-7 Magnetic Flux Density 14-8 Magnetic Field Strength 14-9 Diamagnetic, Paramagnetic, and Ferromagnetic Materials 14-10 Permanent Magnets 14-11 Magnetization Curves 14-12 Permeability from the BH Curve 14-13 Hysteresis 14-14 Eddy Current 14-15 Magnetic Shielding Summary Problems Review Questions Integrate the Concepts Practice Quiz 15: Magnetic Circuits Key Terms Learning Outcomes 15-1 Practical Magnetic Circuits 15-2 Long Air-Core Coils 15-3 Toroidal Coils 15-4 Linear Magnetic Circuits 15-5 Nonlinear Magnetic Circuits 15-6 Leakage Flux 15-7 Series Magnetic Circuits 15-8 Air Gaps 15-9 Parallel Magnetic Circuits Summary Problems Review Questions Integrate the Concepts Practice Quiz 16: Inductance Key Terms Learning Outcomes 16-1 Electromagnetic Induction 16-2 Faraday’s Law 16-3 Lenz’s Law 16-4 Self-Induction 16-5 Self-Inductance 16-6 Factors Governing Inductance 16-7 Inductors in Series 16-8 Inductors in Parallel 16-9 The DC Generator 16-10 Simple DC Generator 16-11 EMF Equation 16-12 The DC Motor 16-13 Speed and Torque of a DC Motor 16-14 Types of DC Motors 16-15 Speed Characteristics of DC Motors 16-16 Torque Characteristics of DC Motors 16-17 Permanent Magnet and Brushless DC Motors Summary Problems Review Questions Integrate the Concepts Practice Quiz 17: Inductance in dc Circuits Key Terms Learning Outcomes 17-1 Current in an Ideal Inductor 17-2 Rise of Current in a Practical Inductor 17-3 Time Constant 17-4 Graphical Solution for Inductor Current 17-5 Algebraic Solution for Inductor Current 17-6 Energy Stored by an Inductor 17-7 Fall of Current in an Inductive Circuit 17-8 Algebraic Solution for Discharge Current 17-9 Transient Response 17-10 Characteristics of Inductive dc Circuits 17-11 Troubleshooting Summary Problems Review Questions Integrate the Concepts Practice Quiz PART IV: Alternating Current 18: Alternating Current Key Terms Learning Outcomes 18-1 A Simple Generator 18-2 The Nature of the Induced Voltage 18-3 The Sine Wave 18-4 Peak Value of a Sine Wave 18-5 Instantaneous Value of a Sine Wave 18-6 The Radian 18-7 Instantaneous Current in a Resistor 18-8 Instantaneous Power in a Resistor 18-9 Periodic Waves 18-10 Average Value of a Periodic Wave 18-11 rms Value of a Sine Wave Summary Problems Review Questions Integrate the Concepts Practice Quiz 19: Reactance Key Terms Learning Outcomes 19-1 Instantaneous Current in an Ideal Inductor 19-2 Inductive Reactance 19-3 Factors Governing Inductive Reactance 19-4 Instantaneous Current in a Capacitor 19-5 Capacitive Reactance 19-6 Factors Governing Capacitive Reactance 19-7 Resistance, Inductive Reactance, and Capacitive Reactance Summary Problems Review Questions Integrate the Concepts Practice Quiz 20: Phasors Key Terms Learning Outcomes 20-1 Addition of Sine Waves 20-2 Addition of Instantaneous Values 20-3 Representing a Sine Wave by a Phasor Diagram 20-4 Letter Symbols for Phasor Quantities 20-5 Phasor Addition by Geometrical Construction 20-6 Addition of Perpendicular Phasors 20-7 Expressing Phasors with Complex Numbers 20-8 Phasor Addition Using Rectangular Coordinates 20-9 Subtraction of Phasor Quantities 20-10 Multiplication and Division of Phasor Quantities Summary Problems Review Questions Integrate the Concepts Practice Quiz 21: Impedance Key Terms Learning Outcomes 21-1 Resistance and Inductance in Series 21-2 Impedance 21-3 Practical Inductors 21-4 Resistance and Capacitance in Series 21-5 Resistance, Inductance, and Capacitance in Series 21-6 Resistance, Inductance, and Capacitance in Parallel 21-7 Conductance, Susceptance, and Admittance 21-8 Impedance and Admittance 21-9 Troubleshooting Summary Problems Review Questions Integrate the Concepts Practice Quiz 22: Power in Alternating-Current Circuits Key Terms Learning Outcomes 22-1 Power in a Resistor 22-2 Power in an Ideal Inductor 22-3 Power in a Capacitor 22-4 Power in a Circuit Containing Resistance and Reactance 22-5 The Power Triangle 22-6 Power Factor 22-7 Power-Factor Correction Summary Problems Review Questions Integrate the Concepts Practice Quiz PART V: Impedance Networks 23: Series and Parallel Impedances Key Terms Learning Outcomes 23-1 Resistance and Impedance 23-2 Impedances in Series 23-3 Impedances in Parallel 23-4 Series-Parallel Impedances 23-5 Source Conversion Summary Problems Review Questions Integrate the Concepts Practice Quiz 24: Impedance Networks Key Terms Learning Outcomes 24-1 Loop Equations 24-2 Mesh Equations 24-3 Superposition Theorem 24-4 Thévenin’s Theorem 24-5 Norton’s Theorem 24-6 Nodal Analysis 24-7 Delta-Wye Transformation Summary Problems Review Questions Integrate the Concepts Practice Quiz 25: Resonance Key Terms Learning Outcomes 25-1 Effect of Varying Frequency in a Series rlc Circuit 25-2 Series Resonance 25-3 Quality Factor 25-4 Resonant Rise of Voltage 25-5 Selectivity 25-6 Ideal Parallel-Resonant Circuits 25-7 Practical Parallel-Resonant Circuits 25-8 Selectivity of Parallel-Resonant Circuits Summary Problems Review Questions Integrate the Concepts Practice Quiz 26: Passive Filters Key Terms Learning Outcomes 26-1 Filters 26-2 Frequency Response Graphs 26-3 RC Low-Pass Filters 26-4 RL Low-Pass Filters 26-5 RC High-Pass Filters 26-6 RL High-Pass Filters 26-7 Band-Pass Filters 26-8 Band-Stop Filters 26-9 Practical Application of Filters 26-10 Troubleshooting Summary Problems Review Questions Integrate the Concepts Practice Quiz 27: Transformers Key Terms Learning Outcomes 27-1 Transformer Action 27-2 Transformation Ratio 27-3 Impedance Transformation 27-4 Leakage Reactance 27-5 Open-Circuit and Short-Circuit Tests 27-6 Transformer Efficiency 27-7 Effect of Loading a Transformer 27-8 Autotransformers 27-9 Troubleshooting Summary Problems Review Questions Integrate the Concepts Practice Quiz 28: Coupled Circuits Key Terms Learning Outcomes 28-1 Determining Coupling Network Parameters 28-2 Open-Circuit Impedance Parameters 28-3 Short-Circuit Admittance Parameters 28-4 Hybrid Parameters 28-5 Air-Core Transformers 28-6 Mutual Inductance 28-7 Coupled Impedance Summary Problems Review Questions Integrate the Concepts Practice Quiz 29: Three-Phase Systems Key Terms Learning Outcomes 29-1 Advantages of Polyphase Systems 29-2 Generation of Three-Phase Voltages 29-3 Double-Subscript Notation 29-4 Four-Wire Wye-Connected System 29-5 Delta-Connected Systems 29-6 Wye-Delta System 29-7 Power in a Balanced Three-Phase System 29-8 Phase Sequence 29-9 Unbalanced Three-Wire Wye Loads 29-10 Power in an Unbalanced Three-Phase System 29-11 The AC Generator 29-12 Three-Phase Induction Motor 29-13 Three-Phase Synchronous Motor 29-14 Single-Phase Motors 29-15 The 30° Difference between Delta-Wye Configurations Summary Problems Review Questions Integrate the Concepts Practice Quiz 30: Harmonics Key Terms Learning Outcomes 30-1 Nonsinusoidal Waves 30-2 Fourier Series 30-3 Addition of Harmonically Related Sine Waves 30-4 Generation of Harmonics 30-5 Harmonics in an Amplifier 30-6 Harmonics in an Iron-Core Transformer 30-7 rms Value of a Nonsinusoidal Wave 30-8 Square Waves and Sawtooth Waves 30-9 Nonsinusoidal Waves in Linear Impedance Networks Summary Problems Review Questions Integrate the Concepts Practice Quiz Appendices 1 Determinants 2 Calculus Derivations 2-1 Maxium Power-Transfer Theorem 2-2 Instantaneous Voltage in a cr Circuit 2-3 Energy Stored by a Capacitor 2-4 Instantaneous Current in an LR Circuit 2-5 Energy Stored by an Inductor 2-6 rms and Average Values of a Sine Wave 2-7 Inductive Reactance 2-8 Capacitive Reactance 2-9 General Transformer Equation 2-10 Maximum Transformer Efficiency 3 Multisim Schematic Capture and Simulation Answers to Selected Problems Glossary Index