Introduction to Radar Analysis (Advances in Applied Mathematics)

Introduction to Radar Analysis, Second Edition is a major revision of the popular textbook. It is written within the context of communication theory as well as the theory of signals and noise. By emphasizing principles and fundamentals, the textbook serves as a vital source for students and engineers. Part I bridges the gap between communication, signal analysis, and radar. Topics include modulation techniques and associated Continuous Wave (CW) and pulsed radar systems. Part II is devoted to radar signal processing and pulse compression techniques. Part III presents special topics in radar systems including radar detection, radar clutter, target tracking, phased arrays, and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). Many new exercise are included and the author provides comprehensive easy-to-follow mathematical derivations of all key equations and formulas. The author has worked extensively for the U.S. Army, the U.S. Space and Missile Command, and other military agencies. This is not just a textbook for senior level and graduates students, but a valuable tool for practicing radar engineers. Features Authored by a leading industry radar professional. Comprehensive up-to-date coverage of radar systems analysis issues. Easy to follow mathematical derivations of all equations and formulas Numerous graphical plots and table format outputs. One part of the book is dedicated to radar waveforms and radar signal processing. Cover Half Title Title Page Dedication Table of Contents Preface PART I: Signals, Systems, Modulation Techniques, and Basic Radar Concepts Chapter 1: Introduction The General Communication System The General Radar System Comparison of the Two Systems Chapter 2: Signals and Systems Signal Classifications The Fourier Transform Systems Classifications Linear and Nonlinear Systems Time Invariant and Time Varying Systems Stable and Nonstable Systems Causal and Noncausal Systems The Fourier Series Convolution and Correlation Integrals Energy and Power Spectrum Densities Lowpass, Bandpass Signals and Quadrature Components The Analytic Signal (Pre-envelope) Random Variables Random Processes Discrete Time Systems and Signals Sampling Theorem The Z-Transform The Discrete Fourier Transform Discrete Power Spectrum Windowing Techniques Problems Appendix 2-A: Fourier Transform Pairs Appendix 2-B: Common Probability Densities Appendix 2-C: Z-Transform Pairs Chapter 3: Modulation Techniques Introduction Amplitude Modulation - Suppressed Carrier Double Sideband Amplitude Modulation - Large Carrier Single Sideband Amplitude Modulation Frequency Modulation Spectra of a Few Common Radar Signals Continuous Wave Signal - Unmodulated Finite Duration Pulse Signal - Amplitude Modulation Periodic Pulse Signal - Amplitude Modulation Finite Duration Pulse Train Signal - Amplitude Modulation Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM) Signal Problems Chapter 4: Radar Systems - Basic Concepts Radar Classifications Range Measurements Unambiguous Range Range Resolution Doppler Frequency Coherence Radar Wave Propagation Earth’s Atmosphere Atmospheric Models Index of Refraction in the Troposphere Index of Refraction in the Ionosphere Four-Third Earth Model Target Height Equation Ground Reflection Smooth Surface Reflection Coefficient Divergence Rough Surface Reflection Total Reflection Coefficient Multipath Effects Atmospheric Attenuation Attenuation Due to Precipitation Problems Chapter 5: The Radar Equation The Radar Range Equation Low PRF Radar Equation High PRF Radar Equation Surveillance Radar Equation Radar Equation With Jamming Self-Screening Jammers (SSJ) Stand-Off Jammers (SOJ) Bistatic Radar Equation Radar Cross Section (RCS) Target Scintillation Noise Figure Radar Losses Transmit and Receive Losses Antenna Pattern Loss and Scan Loss Atmospheric Loss Collapsing Loss Processing Losses Radar Reference Range Pulse Integration Coherent Integration Non-Coherent Integration Detection Range with Pulse Integration Design Exercises Problems PART II: Frequency Modulation Radar Systems Chapter 6: Continuous Wave and Pulsed Radars Continuous Wave (CW) Radar Functional Block Diagram Linear FM (LFM) CW Radar Multiple Frequency CW Radar Effect of FM Transmitter Noise on the Receiver Pulsed Radar Pulse Doppler Radar Signal Processing Resolving Range Ambiguity Resolving Doppler Ambiguity Problems Chapter 7: The Matched Filter Receiver and the Ambiguity Function The Matched Filter Receiver White Noise Case The Replica General Formula for the Output of the Matched Filter Stationary Target Case Moving Target Case Ambiguity Function Examples of the Ambiguity Function Single Pulse Ambiguity Function LFM Ambiguity Function Approximation of the Ambiguity Contours Phase Coded Ambiguity Function Discrete Code Signal Representation Phase Coding Problems Chapter 8: Pulse Compression Time-Bandwidth Product Basic Principle of Pulse Compression Correlation Processor Stretch Processor Single LFM Pulse Problems PART III: Special Topics in Radar Systems Chapter 9: Radar Clutter Clutter Definition Surface Clutter Radar Equation for Area Clutter - Airborne Radar Volume Clutter Radar Equation for Volume Clutter Surface Clutter RCS Clutter Components Clutter Backscatter Coefficient Statistical Models Surface Clutter Case Volume Clutter Case Problems Chapter 10: Moving Target Indicator Clutter Power Spectrum Density Concept of a Moving Target Indicator Single Delay Line Canceler Double Delay Line Canceler Delay Lines with Feedback (Recursive Filters) PRF Staggering MTI Improvement Factor Two-Pulse MTI Case Subclutter Visibility Delay Line Cancelers with Optimal Weights Phase Noise Problems Chapter 11: Radar Detection Single Pulse with Known Parameters Single Pulse with Known Amplitude and Unknown Phase Probability of False Alarm Probability of Detection Pulse Integration Coherent Integration Non-coherent Integration Improvement Factor and Integration Loss Target Fluctuation; The Chi-Square Family of Targets Cumulative Probability of Detection M-out-of-N Detection The Radar Equation Revisited Problems Chapter 12: Target Tracking Angle Tracking Sequential Lobing Conical Scan Amplitude Comparison Monopulse Phase Comparison Monopulse Range Tracking Track-While-Scan (TWS) State Variable Representation of an LTI System The LTI System of Interest Fixed-Gain Tracking Filters The αβ Filter The αβγ Filter The Kalman Filter Relationship between Kalman and αβγ Filters Radar Measurement Errors Problems Chapter 13: Phase Array Antennas Directivity, Power, Gain, and Effective Aperture Near and Far Fields General Arrays Linear Arrays Array Tapering Computation of the Radiation Pattern Via the DFT Planar Arrays Rectangular Grid Arrays Circular Grid Arrays Concentric Grid Circular Arrays Rectangular Grid with Circular Boundary Arrays Hexagonal Grid Arrays Array Scan Loss Problems Chapter 14: Synthetic Aperture Radar Introduction Real Versus Synthetic Arrays Side Looking SAR Geometry SAR Design Considerations SAR Radar Equation SAR Signal Processing Side Looking SAR Doppler Processing SAR Imaging Using Doppler Processing Range Walk Problems Chapter 15: Textbook Radar Design Case Study Textbook Radar Design Case Study - Visit #1 Textbook Radar Design Case Study - Visit #2 Textbook Radar Design Case Study - Visit #3 Textbook Radar Design Case Study - Visit #4 Textbook Radar Design Case Study - Visit #5 Textbook Radar Design Case Study - Visit #6 Textbook Radar Design Case Study - Visit #7 Bibliography Index The 2nd Edition of this textbook is a major revision written within the context of communication theory and the theory of signals and noise. The book bridges the gap between communication theory, signals and noise and radar system analysis. It also includes new exercises and comprehensive mathematical derivations.