Introduction to Reactive Gas Dynamics

## Abstract The high enthalpy gas flows, associating high velocities, and high temperatures, are the scene of physical and chemical processes such as molecular vibrational excitation, dissociation, ionization, or various reactions. The characteristic times of these processes are of the same order of magnitude as aerodynamic characteristic times so that these reactive media are generally in thermodynamic and chemical non-equilibrium. This book presents a general introductory study of these media. In a first part their fundamental statistical aspects are described, starting from their discrete structure and taking into account the interactions between elementary particles: the transport phenomena, relaxation, and kinetics as well as their coupling are thus analysed and illustrated by many examples. The second part of the work is devoted to the macroscopic aspects of the reactive flows including shock waves, hypersonic expansions, flows around bodies, and boundary layers. Experimental data on vibrational relaxation times, vibrational populations, and kinetic rate constants are also presented. Finally, experimental aspects of reactive flows, their simulation in shock tube and shock tunnel are described as well as their applications, particularly in the aero-spatial domain. In the high energy gas flows, associating high velocities and high temperatures, physical and chemical processes such as molecular vibrational excitation, dissociation, ionisation or various reactions take palce and deeply influence the structure of the flows. The characteristic times of these processes have the same order of magnitude as aerodynamic characteristic times so that these reactive media are generally in thermodynamic and chemical non-equilibrium. This book presents a general introductory study of these media. In the first part their fundamental statistical aspects are described, starting from their discrete structure and taking into account the interactions between elementary particles: the transport phenomena, relaxation and kinetics as well as their coupling are thus analysed and illustrated by many examples. The second part deals with the macroscopic re-entry bodies. Finally the experimental aspects of these flows, their simulations in shock tube and shock tunnel are described as well as their application, particularly in the aero- spatial domain. This book is intended for researchers and students that have acquired basic knowledge in thermodynamics, statistical physics and fluid mechanics. It must also interest the engineers engaged in research and industry related to the applications of the reactive flows, in particular in the aerospace field and, more generally, all the researchers trying to simulate and calculate complex reactive flows. "In high energy gas flows, at high velocities and high temperatures, physical and chemical processes such as molecular vibrational excitation, dissociation, ionisation or various reactions take place and deeply influence the structure of the flows. The characteristic times of these processes have the same order of magnitude as aerodynamic characteristic times, so that these reactive media are generally in thermodynamic and chemical non-equilibrium. This book presents a general introductory study of these media." "In the first part their fundamental statistical aspects are described, starting from their discrete structure and taking into account the interactions between elementary particles: transport phenomena, relaxation and kinetics as well as their coupling are analysed and illustrated by many examples. The second part deals with the macroscopic re-entry bodies. Finally, the experimental aspects of these flows, their simulations in shock tubes and shock tunnels are described, as well as their application, particularly in the aerospatial domain." "This book is intended for students that have acquired a basic knowledge in thermodynamics, statistical physics and fluid mechanics. It will also be of interest to engineers in research and industry, in particular in the aerospace industry, and more generally to all researchers trying to simulate and calculate complex reactive flows."--Jacket Cover ......Page 1 Title ......Page 3 Copyright ......Page 4 Contents ......Page 5 Introduction ......Page 12 General Notations ......Page 15 Part I - Fundamental Statistical Aspects ......Page 18 Notations to Part I ......Page 19 1. Statistical Description and Evolution of Reactive Gas Systems ......Page 21 2. Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium Collisional Regimes ......Page 52 3. Transport and Relaxation in Quasi-Equilibrium Regimes: Pure Gases......Page 82 4. Transport and Relaxation in Quasi-Equilibrium Regimes: Gas Mixtures ......Page 116 5. Transport and Relaxation in Non-Equilibrium Regimes ......Page 147 6. Generalized Chapman-Enskog Method ......Page 176 Part II - Macroscopic Aspects and Applications ......Page 204 Notations to Part II ......Page 205 7. General Aspects of Gas Flows......Page 208 8. Elements of Gas Dynamics ......Page 237 9. Reactive Flows ......Page 272 10. Reactive Flows in the Dissipative Regime......Page 307 11. Facilities and Experimental Methods ......Page 339 12. Relaxation and Kinetics in Shock Tubes and Shock Tunnels ......Page 373 References......Page 409 Index ......Page 416 Many actual technological problems require the knowledge of the physical and chemical phenomena and processes taking place in high energy gas flows. This book presents an introductory analysis, theoretical and experimental, of these media, highlighting both their fundamental characteristics and applied aspects Raymond Brun. Includes Bibliographical References (p. [397]-403) And Index.