IOS 12 Programming Fundamentals with Swift : Swift, Xcode, and Cocoa Basics

Move into iOS development by getting a firm grasp of its fundamentals, including the Xcode 9 IDE, Cocoa Touch, and the latest version of Apple's acclaimed programming language, Swift 4. With this thoroughly updated guide, you'll learn the Swift language, understand Apple's Xcode development tools, and discover the Cocoa framework. Explore Swift's object-oriented conceptsBecome familiar with built-in Swift typesDive deep into Swift objects, protocols, and genericsTour the lifecycle of an Xcode projectLearn how nibs are loadedUnderstand Cocoa's event-driven designCommunicate with C and Objective-COnce you master the fundamentals, you'll be ready to tackle the details of iOS app development with author Matt Neuburg's companion guide, Programming iOS 12.;Intro; Copyright; Table of Contents; Preface; The Scope of This Book; Versions; Acknowledgments; From the Programming iOS 4 Preface; Conventions Used in This Book; Using Code Examples; Safari® Books Online; How to Contact Us; Part I. Language; Chapter 1. The Architecture of Swift; Ground of Being; Everything Is an Object?; Three Flavors of Object Type; Variables; Functions; The Structure of a Swift File; Scope and Lifetime; Object Members; Namespaces; Modules; Instances; Why Instances?; The Keyword self; Privacy; Design; Object Types and APIs; Instance Creation, Scope, and Lifetime. Copyright......Page 4 Table of Contents......Page 5 Preface......Page 15 The Scope of This Book......Page 17 Versions......Page 18 Acknowledgments......Page 19 From the Programming iOS 4 Preface......Page 20 Conventions Used in This Book......Page 21 Safari® Books Online......Page 22 How to Contact Us......Page 23 Part I. Language......Page 25 Ground of Being......Page 27 Everything Is an Object?......Page 29 Variables......Page 30 Functions......Page 32 The Structure of a Swift File......Page 33 Scope and Lifetime......Page 35 Namespaces......Page 37 Modules......Page 38 Instances......Page 39 Why Instances?......Page 41 The Keyword self......Page 43 Privacy......Page 44 Design......Page 46 Object Types and APIs......Page 47 Summary and Conclusion......Page 49 Function Parameters and Return Value......Page 51 Void Return Type and Parameters......Page 55 External Parameter Names......Page 56 Overloading......Page 58 Variadic Parameters......Page 59 Ignored Parameters......Page 60 Modifiable Parameters......Page 61 Function in Function......Page 64 Function As Value......Page 66 Anonymous Functions......Page 69 Define-and-Call......Page 75 Closures......Page 76 How Closures Improve Code......Page 78 Function Returning Function......Page 79 Closure Setting a Captured Variable......Page 82 Closure Preserving Its Captured Environment......Page 83 Curried Functions......Page 84 Function References and Selectors......Page 86 Function Reference Scope......Page 88 Selectors......Page 89 Variable Scope and Lifetime......Page 93 Variable Declaration......Page 95 Computed Initializer......Page 98 Computed Variables......Page 100 Setter Observers......Page 103 Lazy Initialization......Page 104 Bool......Page 106 Numbers......Page 108 String......Page 116 Character and String Index......Page 120 Range......Page 125 Tuple......Page 127 Optional......Page 129 Object Type Declarations and Features......Page 143 Initializers......Page 145 Properties......Page 151 Methods......Page 154 Subscripts......Page 156 Instance References......Page 159 Enums......Page 161 Raw Values......Page 162 Associated Values......Page 164 Enum Case Iteration......Page 166 Enum Initializers......Page 167 Enum Properties......Page 168 Enum Methods......Page 169 Why Enums?......Page 170 Struct Initializers, Properties, and Methods......Page 171 Classes......Page 173 Value Types and Reference Types......Page 174 Subclass and Superclass......Page 180 Class Initializers......Page 185 Class Deinitializer......Page 193 Class Properties and Methods......Page 194 Polymorphism......Page 196 Casting......Page 199 Type Testing and Casting Down Safely......Page 200 Bridging to Objective-C......Page 202 From Instance to Type......Page 204 Type as Value......Page 205 The Keyword Self......Page 207 Comparing Types......Page 208 Summary of Type Terminology......Page 209 Protocols......Page 210 Why Protocols?......Page 211 Protocol Type Testing and Casting......Page 213 Declaring a Protocol......Page 214 Protocol Composition......Page 215 Optional Protocol Members......Page 216 Class Protocol......Page 218 Implicitly Required Initializers......Page 219 Literal Convertibles......Page 220 Generics......Page 221 Generic Declarations......Page 224 Contradictory Resolution......Page 226 Type Constraints......Page 227 Explicit Specialization......Page 229 Generic Invariance......Page 231 Associated Type Chains......Page 232 Where Clauses......Page 234 Extending Object Types......Page 237 Extending Protocols......Page 239 Extending Generics......Page 241 Any......Page 243 AnyObject......Page 245 AnyClass......Page 247 Array......Page 248 Dictionary......Page 264 Set......Page 271 Flow Control......Page 277 Branching......Page 278 Loops......Page 290 Jumping......Page 295 Privacy......Page 310 Private and Fileprivate......Page 312 Public and Open......Page 313 Introspection......Page 314 Operators......Page 315 Synthesized Protocol Implementations......Page 319 Key Paths......Page 322 Dynamic Member Lookup......Page 324 Memory Management of Reference Types......Page 325 Exclusive Access to Value Types......Page 332 Part II. IDE......Page 335 New Project......Page 337 The Project Window......Page 339 The Navigator Pane......Page 341 The Utilities Pane......Page 346 The Editor......Page 347 The Project File and Its Dependents......Page 349 What’s In the Project Folder......Page 350 Groups......Page 351 Build Phases......Page 352 Build Settings......Page 354 Configurations......Page 355 Schemes and Destinations......Page 357 From Project to Built App......Page 359 Property List Settings......Page 362 Nib Files......Page 363 Additional Resources......Page 364 Code Files......Page 366 Frameworks and SDKs......Page 367 The Entry Point......Page 369 UIApplicationMain......Page 370 App Without a Storyboard......Page 372 Renaming Parts of a Project......Page 373 Chapter 7. Nib Management......Page 375 The Nib Editor Interface......Page 376 Document Outline......Page 377 Canvas......Page 380 Inspectors and Libraries......Page 382 Nib Loading......Page 383 When Nibs Are Loaded......Page 384 Manual Nib Loading......Page 385 Outlets......Page 387 The Nib Owner......Page 388 Automatically Configured Nibs......Page 392 Misconfigured Outlets......Page 393 Deleting an Outlet......Page 395 More Ways to Create Outlets......Page 396 Outlet Collections......Page 398 Action Connections......Page 399 More Ways to Create Actions......Page 401 Connections Between Nibs — Not!......Page 403 Additional Configuration of Nib-Based Instances......Page 404 The Documentation Window......Page 409 Class Documentation Pages......Page 410 Quick Help......Page 414 Symbol Declarations......Page 416 Header Files......Page 417 Internet Resources......Page 418 Environmental Dependencies......Page 421 Backward Compatibility......Page 422 Device Type......Page 424 Arguments and Environment Variables......Page 425 Conditional Compilation......Page 426 Version Control......Page 428 Editing and Navigating Your Code......Page 431 Autocompletion......Page 433 Snippets......Page 434 Fix-it and Live Syntax Checking......Page 436 Navigation......Page 437 Finding......Page 439 Running in the Simulator......Page 440 Caveman Debugging......Page 441 The Xcode Debugger......Page 444 Testing......Page 451 Unit Tests......Page 452 Interface Tests......Page 455 Running on a Device......Page 457 Obtaining a Developer Program Membership......Page 458 Signing an App......Page 459 Automatic Signing......Page 460 Manual Signing......Page 463 Running the App......Page 465 Gauges......Page 466 Memory Debugging......Page 468 Instruments......Page 469 Localization......Page 472 Making an Archive......Page 477 The Distribution Certificate......Page 478 The Distribution Profile......Page 480 Distribution for Testing......Page 481 Final App Preparations......Page 482 Screenshots and Video Previews......Page 485 Property List Settings......Page 487 Submission to the App Store......Page 488 Part III. Cocoa......Page 491 Subclassing......Page 493 How Swift Uses Extensions......Page 496 How Cocoa Uses Categories......Page 497 Protocols......Page 499 Optional Methods......Page 501 Some Foundation Classes......Page 504 NSRange and NSNotFound......Page 505 NSString and Friends......Page 507 NSDate and Friends......Page 510 NSNumber......Page 511 NSValue......Page 513 NSData......Page 514 Equality, Hashability, and Comparison......Page 515 NSArray and NSMutableArray......Page 518 NSSet and Friends......Page 520 NSIndexSet......Page 521 Immutable and Mutable......Page 522 Property Lists......Page 524 Codable......Page 525 Accessors, Properties, and Key–Value Coding......Page 528 Swift Accessors......Page 529 Key–Value Coding......Page 531 Uses of Key–Value Coding......Page 532 Cocoa Key Paths......Page 534 The Secret Life of NSObject......Page 535 Reasons for Events......Page 537 Subclassing......Page 538 Notifications......Page 540 Receiving a Notification......Page 541 Unregistering......Page 543 Posting a Notification......Page 544 Timer......Page 545 Cocoa Delegation......Page 547 Implementing Delegation......Page 549 Actions......Page 551 The Responder Chain......Page 554 Deferring Responsibility......Page 555 Nil-Targeted Actions......Page 556 Key–Value Observing......Page 557 Registration and Notification......Page 558 Unregistering......Page 559 Key–Value Observing Example......Page 560 Swamped by Events......Page 561 Delayed Performance......Page 564 Principles of Cocoa Memory Management......Page 567 Rules of Cocoa Memory Management......Page 568 What ARC Is and What It Does......Page 569 How Cocoa Objects Manage Memory......Page 570 Autorelease Pool......Page 571 Memory Management of Instance Properties......Page 573 Retain Cycles and Weak References......Page 574 Notification Observers......Page 576 Timers......Page 578 Nib Loading and Memory Management......Page 580 Memory Management of CFTypeRefs......Page 581 Property Memory Management Policies......Page 583 Debugging Memory Management Mistakes......Page 585 Chapter 13. Communication Between Objects......Page 587 Visibility by Instantiation......Page 588 Visibility by Relationship......Page 590 Global Visibility......Page 591 Model–View–Controller......Page 593 The C Language......Page 597 C Data Types......Page 598 C Enums......Page 599 C Structs......Page 602 C Pointers......Page 603 C Arrays......Page 605 C Functions......Page 607 Objective-C Objects and C Pointers......Page 609 Objective-C Objects and Swift Objects......Page 610 Exposure of Swift to Objective-C......Page 611 Bridged Types and Boxed Types......Page 612 Objective-C Methods......Page 615 Objective-C Initializers and Factories......Page 618 Selectors......Page 619 CFTypeRefs......Page 621 Blocks......Page 623 API Markup......Page 625 Bilingual Targets......Page 627 Index......Page 631 About the Author......Page 651 Move into iOS development by getting a firm grasp of its fundamentals, including the Xcode 10 IDE, Cocoa Touch, and the latest version of Apple's acclaimed programming language, Swift 4.2. With this thoroughly updated guide, you'll learn the Swift language, understand Apple's Xcode development tools, and discover the Cocoa framework. Explore Swift's object-oriented concepts Become familiar with built-in Swift types Dive deep into Swift objects, protocols, and generics Tour the lifecycle of an Xcode project Learn how nibs are loaded Understand Cocoa's event-driven design Communicate with C and Objective-C In this edition, catch up on the latest iOS programming features. Self-synthesizing protocols Conditional conformance Dynamic member lookup Multiple selection Source control improvements And more! Once you master the fundamentals, you'll be ready to tackle the details of iOS app development with author Matt Neuburg's companion guide, Programming iOS 12 .