Jacaranda Physics 2: VCE units 3 & 4

Cover 1 Half Title Page 3 Title Page 5 Copyright Page 6 Contents 7 About eBookPLUS and studyON 11 About this book 12 Acknowledgements 14 UNIT 3 15 CHAPTER 1 Forces in action 16 Describing motion 17 Graphical analysis of motion 19 Algebraic analysis of motion 22 Newton’s laws of motion 24 Feeling lighter — feeling heavier 26 Applying newton’s second law of motion 27 Projectile motion 32 Uniform circular motion 42 Non-uniform circular motion 52 CHAPTER 2 Collisions and other interactions 61 Impulse and momentum in a collision 62 Impulse from a graph 63 Momentum and impulse 64 Conservation of momentum 64 Modelling a collision 65 Work in energy transfers and transformations 68 Getting down to work 69 Gravitational potential energy 70 Strain potential energy and springs 72 Elastic and inelastic collisions 75 CHAPTER 3 Special relativity 86 What is relativity? 87 Electromagnetism brings new challenges 94 Time dilation 101 Length contraction 104 A note on seeing relativistic effects 109 The most famous equation: E = mc2 111 CHAPTER 4 Gravitation 121 Explaining the solar system 122 Astronauts and satellites in orbit 136 CHAPTER 5 Electric fields 143 The long road to Coulomb’s Law 144 Electric fields 146 Linking the concepts together 154 CHAPTER 6 Magnetic fields 159 Early ideas about magnetism 160 Magnetic effect of a current 163 Differences between magnetic fields 166 Explaining magnetism 166 Comparing gravitational, electric and magnetic fields 167 Magnetic force on an electric current 168 Magnetic propulsion 170 Meters 170 Magnetic force on charges 172 Crossed electric and magnetic fields 175 Overview 175 CHAPTER 7 Generating electricity 180 Making electricity 181 Faraday’s discovery of electromagnetic induction 184 Magnetic flux 185 Induced EMF 187 Producing a greater EMF 192 CHAPTER 8 Transmission of power 197 Electric power 198 Transformers 199 Power distribution and transmission line losses 203 UNIT 4 211 CHAPTER 9 Mechanical waves 212 Light and its properties 213 Waves — energy transfer without matter transfer 218 Properties of waves 219 Interference of waves 221 Diffraction 230 The Doppler effect 232 Resonance 235 CHAPTER 10 Light as a wave 240 Bending of light 241 Snell’s Law 241 Limitations of the ray model 243 Total internal reflection and critical angle 247 Rainbows 253 Young’s experiment 253 Other interference experiments 259 Diffraction of light 260 Light as an electromagnetic wave 263 Polarisation 266 CHAPTER 11 The photoelectric effect 274 Physics before the observation of the photoelectric effect 275 A mysterious radiation 277 The photoelectric effect 283 The particle model and the photoelectric effect 289 What’s wrong with the wave model? 295 Great photoelectric effect results 296 A photon model for the photoelectric effect 299 CHAPTER 12 Matter — particles and waves 303 The particle model of matter unhinged 304 The discovery of electrons 305 Emission spectra — atoms emit photons 307 Absorption spectra — atoms absorb photons 312 Making light 317 Synchrotron radiation 320 The wave behaviour of electrons 322 Electrons, atoms and standing waves 329 Waves or particles? 330 Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle 332 Why classical laws of physics areunable to model motion at very small scales 336 CHAPTER 13 Practical investigations 341 What is the benefit to you? 342 What is involved? 342 Selecting a topic 343 Submitting a research proposal 344 Variables 346 Selecting your measuring instruments 346 Finding patterns 352 Other aspects of scientific measurement 353 Handling difficulties 354 Safety 354 Presenting your work for assessment 354 Topics 356 Appendix 1 Skill checks 361 Appendix 2 Periodic table of the elements 374 Appendix 3 Some useful as tronomical data 376 Appendix 4 Useful formulae 377 Glossary 380 Answers to numerical questions 384 Index 390