Lightning Electromagnetics (Energy Engineering)

Provides the theory, mathematics and computational tools to model each and every one of the processes associated with lightning discharges-Directly aimed at undergraduate and postgraduate physics and engineering students Contents: Basic electromagnetic theory. Measurements of electromagnetic fields from lightning. Modelling charge generation in thunderclouds. How to simulate the electron runaway processes associated with thundercloud electric fields. Modelling initiation of lightning flashes. Modelling the stepped leaders to evaluate their electromagnetic fields. The full theory and simulation procedures to model the generation of corona from ground. The four ways of modelling the lightning return stroke. The theory and calculation procedures to evaluate the internal electric fields of leaders and return strokes. The effect of lightning on tall telecommunication towers. The propagation of lightning electromagnetic fields over grounds of different conductivities and geometries. The propagation of the electromagnetic fields around the globe. The study of the interaction of electromagnetic fields with the upper atmosphere. Generation of NOx from lightning flashes. How to calculate induced voltages in power lines.

Lightning research is an interdisciplinary subject where several branches of engineering and physics converge. Lightning Electromagnetics is a book that caters for the needs of both physicists and engineers. It provides: The physicist with information on how to simulate: the charge generation in thunderclouds, different discharge processes in air that ultimately lead to a lightning flash, and the mechanism through which energetic radiation in the form of X-rays and Gamma rays are produced by lightning flashes; The power engineer with several numerical tools to study the interaction of lightning flashes with power transmission and distribution systems; The telecommunication engineer with numerical procedures with which to calculate the electromagnetic fields generated by lightning flashes and their interactions with overhead and underground telecommunication systems; The electromagnetic specialist with the basic theory necessary to simulate the propagation of lightning electromagnetic fields over the surface of the Earth; The atmospheric scientist with numerical procedures to quantify interactions between lightning flashes and the Earth's atmosphere, including the production of NOx by lightning flashes occurring in the atmosphere. This book also contains a chapter on the stimulation of visual phenomena in humans by electromagnetic fields of lightning flashes, which is essential reading for those who are interested in ball lightning.

This book has 25 chapters and discusses the following topics: lightning electromagnetics; electromagnetic theory; electromagnetic fields; accelerating charge; propagating current pulse; discharge process in the atmosphere; nonthermal electrical discharges in air; charging process in clouds; lightning flash development; return stroke model; engineering applications; electromagnetic models; antenna model; method of moments; transmission line models; electric and magnetic fields over finitely conducting ground; Sommerfeld's integrals; Schumann resonances; mesosphere; ionosphere; magnetosphere; overhead and underground cables; lightning transients in power systems; attachment of lightning flashes to grounded structures; NO x generation in corona, streamer and low-pressure electrical discharges; NO x production; high energetic radiation; thunderstorms; visual sensory experience excitation; and modelling lightning strikes to tall towers The goal of this book is to provide the theory, mathematics and computational tools that are necessary to model each and every one of the processes associated with lightning discharges. This is essential information for a newcomer to the subject as well as for experienced scientists working in this field. Indeed, it is only through exercising various models and mathematical simulations that one can understand the basics mechanisms associated with the generation and interactions of the electric and magnetic fields of thunderclouds and lightning