Machine Learning Mastery With R: How to Prepare Data and Develop Models to Predict the Future

R has been the gold standard in applied machine learning for a long time. Surveys show that it is the most popular platform used by professional data scientists. It is also preferred by the best data scientists in the world. In this mega Ebook written in the friendly Machine Learning Mastery style that you’re used to, learn how to get started, practice and apply machine learning using the R platform. Preface I Introduction Welcome Learn R The Wrong Way Machine Learning in R What This Book is Not Summary The R Platform Why Use R What Is R Summary II Lessons Installing and Starting R Download and Install R R Interactive Environment R Scripts Summary Crash Course in R For Developers R Syntax is Different, But The Same Assignment Data Structures Flow Control Functions Packages 5 Things To Remember Summary Standard Machine Learning Datasets Practice On Small Well-Understood Datasets Package: datasets Package: mlbench Package: AppliedPredictiveModeling Summary Load Your Machine Learning Datasets Access To Your Data Load Data From CSV File Load Data From CSV URL Summary Understand Your Data Using Descriptive Statistics You Must Understand Your Data Peek At Your Data Dimensions of Your Data Data Types Class Distribution Data Summary Standard Deviations Skewness Correlations Tips To Remember Summary Understand Your Data Using Data Visualization Understand Your Data To Get The Best Results Visualization Packages Univariate Visualization Multivariate Visualization Tips For Data Visualization Summary Prepare Your Data For Machine Learning With Pre-Processing Need For Data Pre-Processing Data Pre-Processing in R Scale Data Center Data Standardize Data Normalize Data Box-Cox Transform Yeo-Johnson Transform Principal Component Analysis Transform Independent Component Analysis Transform Tips For Data Transforms Summary Resampling Methods To Estimate Model Accuracy Estimating Model Accuracy Data Split Bootstrap k-fold Cross Validation Repeated k-fold Cross Validation Leave One Out Cross Validation Tips For Evaluating Algorithms Summary Machine Learning Model Evaluation Metrics Model Evaluation Metrics in R Accuracy and Kappa RMSE and R2 Area Under ROC Curve Logarithmic Loss Summary Spot-Check Machine Learning Algorithms Best Algorithm For a Problem Algorithms To Spot-Check in R Linear Algorithms Non-linear Algorithms Other Algorithms Summary Compare The Performance of Machine Learning Algorithms Choose The Best Machine Learning Model Prepare Dataset Train Models Compare Models Summary Tune Machine Learning Algorithms Get Better Accuracy From Top Algorithms Tune Machine Learning Algorithms Test Setup Tune Using Caret Tune Using Algorithm Tools Craft Your Own Parameter Search Summary Combine Predictions From Multiple Machine Learning Models Increase The Accuracy Of Your Models Test Dataset Boosting Algorithms Bagging Algorithms Stacking Algorithms Summary Save And Finalize Your Machine Learning Model Finalize Your Machine Learning Model Make Predictions On New Data Create A Standalone Model Save and Load Your Model Summary III Projects Predictive Modeling Project Template Practice Machine Learning With Projects Machine Learning Project Template in R Machine Learning Project Template Steps Tips For Using The Template Well Summary Your First Machine Learning Project in R Step-By-Step Hello World of Machine Learning Load The Data Summarize Dataset Visualize Dataset Evaluate Some Algorithms Make Predictions Summary Regression Machine Learning Case Study Project Problem Definition Analyze Data Evaluate Algorithms: Baseline Evaluate Algorithms: Feature Selection Evaluate Algorithms: Box-Cox Transform Improve Results With Tuning Ensemble Methods Finalize Model Summary Binary Classification Machine Learning Case Study Project Problem Definition Analyze Data Evaluate Algorithms: Baseline Evaluate Algorithms: Transform Algorithm Tuning Ensemble Methods Finalize Model Summary More Predictive Modeling Projects Build And Maintain Recipes Small Projects on Small Datasets Competitive Machine Learning Summary IV Conclusions How Far You Have Come Getting More Help CRAN Q&A Websites Mailing Lists Package Websites Books Acknowledgements This text is intended for a broad audience as both an introduction to predictive models as well as a guide to applying them. Non-mathematical readers will appreciate the intuitive explanations of the techniques while an emphasis on problem-solving with real data across a wide variety of applications will aid practitioners who wish to extend their expertise. Readers should have knowledge of basic statistical ideas, such as correlation and linear regression analysis. While the text is biased against complex equations, a mathematical background is needed for advanced topics. Dr. Kuhn is a Director of Non-Clinical Statistics at Pfizer Global R&D in Groton Connecticut. He has been applying predictive models in the pharmaceutical and diagnostic industries for over 15 years and is the author of a number of R packages. Dr. Johnson has more than a decade of statistical consulting and predictive modeling experience in pharmaceutical research and development. He is a co-founder of Arbor Analytics, a firm specializing in predictive modeling and is a former Director of Statistics at Pfizer Global R&D. His scholarly work centers on the application and development of statistical methodology and learning algorithms. Applied Predictive Modeling covers the overall predictive modeling process, beginning with the crucial steps of data preprocessing, data splitting and foundations of model tuning. The text then provides intuitive explanations of numerous common and modern regression and classification techniques, always with an emphasis on illustrating and solving real data problems. Addressing practical concerns extends beyond model fitting to topics such as handling class imbalance, selecting predictors, and pinpointing causes of poor model performance-all of which are problems that occur frequently in practice. The text illustrates all parts of the modeling process through many hands-on, real-life examples. And every chapter contains extensive R code for each step of the process. The data sets and corresponding code are available in the book's companion AppliedPredictiveModeling R package, which is freely available on the CRAN archive. This multi-purpose text can be used as an introduction to predictive models and the overall modeling process, a practitioner's reference handbook, or as a text for advanced undergraduate or graduate level predictive modeling courses. To that end, each chapter contains problem sets to help solidify the covered concepts and uses data available in the book's R package. Readers and students interested in implementing the methods should have some basic knowledge of R. And a handful of the more advanced topics require some mathematical knowledge

In Detail

Machine learning, at its core, is concerned with transforming data into actionable knowledge. This fact makes machine learning well-suited to the present-day era of "big data" and "data science". Given the growing prominence of Ra cross-platform, zero-cost statistical programming environmentthere has never been a better time to start applying machine learning. Whether you are new to data science or a veteran, machine learning with R offers a powerful set of methods for quickly and easily gaining insight from your data.

"Machine Learning with R" is a practical tutorial that uses hands-on examples to step through real-world application of machine learning. Without shying away from the technical details, we will explore Machine Learning with R using clear and practical examples. Well-suited to machine learning beginners or those with experience. Explore R to find the answer to all of your questions.

How can we use machine learning to transform data into action? Using practical examples, we will explore how to prepare data for analysis, choose a machine learning method, and measure the success of the process.

We will learn how to apply machine learning methods to a variety of common tasks including classification, prediction, forecasting, market basket analysis, and clustering. By applying the most effective machine learning methods to real-world problems, you will gain hands-on experience that will transform the way you think about data.

"Machine Learning with R" will provide you with the analytical tools you need to quickly gain insight from complex data.

Approach

Written as a tutorial to explore and understand the power of R for machine learning. This practical guide that covers all of the need to know topics in a very systematic way. For each machine learning approach, each step in the process is detailed, from preparing the data for analysis to evaluating the results. These steps will build the knowledge you need to apply them to your own data science tasks.

Who this book is for

Intended for those who want to learn how to use R's machine learning capabilities and gain insight from your data. Perhaps you already know a bit about machine learning, but have never used R; or perhaps you know a little R but are new to machine learning. In either case, this book will get you up and running quickly. It would be helpful to have a bit of familiarity with basic programming concepts, but no prior experience is required.

In Detail Machine learning, at its core, is concerned with transforming data into actionable knowledge. This fact makes machine learning well-suited to the present-day era of "big data" and "data science". Given the growing prominence of R--a cross-platform, zero-cost statistical programming environment--there has never been a better time to start applying machine learning. Whether you are new to data science or a veteran, machine learning with R offers a powerful set of methods for quickly and easily gaining insight from your data. "Machine Learning with R" is a practical tutorial that uses hands-on examples to step through real-world application of machine learning. Without shying away from the technical details, we will explore Machine Learning with R using clear and practical examples. Well-suited to machine learning beginners or those with experience. Explore R to find the answer to all of your questions. How can we use machine learning to transform data into action? Using practical examples, we will explore how to prepare data for analysis, choose a machine learning method, and measure the success of the process. We will learn how to apply machine learning methods to a variety of common tasks including classification, prediction, forecasting, market basket analysis, and clustering. By applying the most effective machine learning methods to real-world problems, you will gain hands-on experience that will transform the way you think about data. "Machine Learning with R" will provide you with the analytical tools you need to quickly gain insight from complex data. Approach Written as a tutorial to explore and understand the power of R for machine learning. This practical guide that covers all of the need to know topics in a very systematic way. For each machine learning approach, each step in the process is detailed, from preparing the data for analysis to evaluating the results. These steps will build the knowledge you need to apply them to your own data science tasks. Who this book is for Intended for those who want to learn how to use R's machine learning capabilities and gain insight from your data. Perhaps you already know a bit about machine learning, but have never used R; or perhaps you know a little R but are new to machine learning. In either case, this book will get you up and running quickly. It would be helpful to have a bit of familiarity with basic programming concepts, but no prior experience is required R gives you access to the cutting-edge software you need to prepare data for machine learning. No previous knowledge required -- this book will take you methodically through every stage of applying machine learning. Harness the power of R for statistical computing and data science Use R to apply common machine learning algorithms with real-world applications Prepare, examine, and visualize data for analysis Understand how to choose between machine learning models Packed with clear instructions to explore, forecast, and classify data In Detail Machine learning, at its core, is concerned with transforming data into actionable knowledge. This fact makes machine learning well-suited to the present-day era of "big data" and "data science". Given the growing prominence of R--a cross-platform, zero-cost statistical programming environment--there has never been a better time to start applying machine learning. Whether you are new to data science or a veteran, machine learning with R offers a powerful set of methods for quickly and easily gaining insight from your data. "Machine Learning with R" is a practical tutorial that uses hands-on examples to step through real-world application of machine learning. Without shying away from the technical details, we will explore Machine Learning with R using clear and practical examples. Well-suited to machine learning beginners or those with experience. Explore R to find the answer to all of your questions. How can we use machine learning to transform data into action? Using practical examples, we will explore how to prepare data for analysis, choose a machine learning method, and measure the success of the process. We will learn how to apply machine learning methods to a variety of common tasks including classification, prediction, forecasting, market basket analysis, and clustering. By applying the most effective machine learning methods to real-world problems, you will gain hands-on experience that will transform the way you think about data. "Machine Learning with R" will provide you with the analytical tools you need to quickly gain insight from complex data This text is intended for a broad audience as both an introduction to predictive models as well as a guide to applying them. Non- mathematical readers will appreciate the intuitive explanations of the techniques while an emphasis on problem-solving with real data across a wide variety of applications will aid practitioners who wish to extend their expertise. Readers should have knowledge of basic statistical ideas, such as correlation and linear regression analysis. While the text is biased against complex equations, a mathematical background is needed for advanced topics. Dr. Kuhn is a Director of Non-Clinical Statistics at Pfizer Global R&D in Groton Connecticut. He has been applying predictive models in the pharmaceutical and diagnostic industries for over 15 years and is the author of a number of R packages. Dr. Johnson has more than a decade of statistical consulting and predictive modeling experience in pharmaceutical research and development. He is a co-founder of Arbor Analytics, a firm specializing in predictive modeling and is a former Director of Statistics at Pfizer Global R&D. His scholarly work centers on the application and development of statistical methodology and learning algorithms. Applied Predictive Modeling covers the overall predictive modeling process, beginning with the crucial steps of data preprocessing, data splitting and foundations of model tuning. The text then provides intuitive explanations of numerous common and modern regression and classification techniques, always with an emphasis on illustrating and solving real data problems. Addressing practical concerns extends beyond model fitting to topics such as handling class imbalance, selecting predictors, and pinpointing causes of poor model performance-all of which are problems that occur frequently in practice. The text illustrates all parts of the modeling process through many hands-on, real-life examples. And every chapter contains extensive R code f Practical Data Science with R lives up to its name. It explains basic principles without the theoretical mumbo-jumbo and jumps right to the real use cases you'll face as you collect, curate, and analyze the data crucial to the success of your business. You'll apply the R programming language and statistical analysis techniques to carefully explained examples based in marketing, business intelligence, and decision support. About the Book Business analysts and developers are increasingly collecting, curating, analyzing, and reporting on crucial business data. The R language and its associated tools provide a straightforward way to tackle day-to-day data science tasks without a lot of academic theory or advanced mathematics. Practical Data Science with R shows you how to apply the R programming language and useful statistical techniques to everyday business situations. Using examples from marketing, business intelligence, and decision support, it shows you how to design experiments (such as A/B tests), build predictive models, and present results to audiences of all levels. This book is accessible to readers without a background in data science. Some familiarity with basic statistics, R, or another scripting language is assumed. What's Inside Data science for the business professional Statistical analysis using the R language Project lifecycle, from planning to delivery Numerous instantly familiar use cases Keys to effective data presentations About the Authors Nina Zumel and John Mount are cofounders of a San Francisco-based data science consulting firm. Both hold PhDs from Carnegie Mellon and blog on statistics, probability, and computer science at win-vector.com Summary Practical Data Science with R lives up to its name. It explains basic principles without the theoretical mumbo-jumbo and jumps right to the real use cases you'll face as you collect, curate, and analyze the data crucial to the success of your business. You'll apply the R programming language and statistical analysis techniques to carefully explained examples based in marketing, business intelligence, and decision support. Purchase of the print book includes a free eBook in PDF, Kindle, and ePub formats from Manning Publications. About the Book Business analysts and developers are increasingly collecting, curating, analyzing, and reporting on crucial business data. The R language and its associated tools provide a straightforward way to tackle day-to-day data science tasks without a lot of academic theory or advanced mathematics. Practical Data Science with R shows you how to apply the R programming language and useful statistical techniques to everyday business situations. Using examples from marketing, business intelligence, and decision support, it shows you how to design experiments (such as A/B tests), build predictive models, and present results to audiences of all levels. This book is accessible to readers without a background in data science. Some familiarity with basic statistics, R, or another scripting language is assumed. What's Inside About the Authors Nina Zumel and John Mount are cofounders of a San Francisco-based data science consulting firm. Both hold PhDs from Carnegie Mellon and blog on statistics, probability, and computer science at win-vector.com. Table of Contents An Introduction to Statistical Learning provides an accessible overview of the field of statistical learning, an essential toolset for making sense of the vast and complex data sets that have emerged in fields ranging from biology to finance to marketing to astrophysics in the past twenty years. This book presents some of the most important modeling and prediction techniques, along with relevant applications. Topics include linear regression, classification, resampling methods, shrinkage approaches, tree-based methods, support vector machines, clustering, and more. Color graphics and real-world examples are used to illustrate the methods presented. Since the goal of this textbook is to facilitate the use of these statistical learning techniques by practitioners in science, industry, and other fields, each chapter contains a tutorial on implementing the analyses and methods presented in R, an extremely popular open source statistical software platform. Two of the authors co-wrote The Elements of Statistical Learning (Hastie, Tibshirani and Friedman, 2nd edition 2009), a popular reference book for statistics and machine learning researchers. An Introduction to Statistical Learning covers many of the same topics, but at a level accessible to a much broader audience. This book is targeted at statisticians and non-statisticians alike who wish to use cutting-edge statistical learning techniques to analyze their data. The text assumes only a previous course in linear regression and no knowledge of matrix algebra. Applied Predictive Modeling Covers The Overall Predictive Modeling Process, Beginning With The Crucial Steps Of Data Preprocessing, Data Splitting And Foundations Of Model Tuning. The Text Then Provides Intuitive Explanations Of Numerous Common And Modern Regression And Classification Techniques, Always With An Emphasis On Illustrating And Solving Real Data Problems. The Text Illustrates All Parts Of The Modeling Process Through Many Hands-on, Real-life Examples, And Every Chapter Contains Extensive R Code For Each Step Of The Process. This Multi-purpose Text Can Be Used As An Introduction To Predictive Models And The Overall Modeling Process, A Practitioner’s Reference Handbook, Or As A Text For Advanced Undergraduate Or Graduate Level Predictive Modeling Courses. To That End, Each Chapter Contains Problem Sets To Help Solidify The Covered Concepts And Uses Data Available In The Book’s R Package. This Text Is Intended For A Broad Audience As Both An Introduction To Predictive Models As Well As A Guide To Applying Them. Non-mathematical Readers Will Appreciate The Intuitive Explanations Of The Techniques While An Emphasis On Problem-solving With Real Data Across A Wide Variety Of Applications Will Aid Practitioners Who Wish To Extend Their Expertise. Readers Should Have Knowledge Of Basic Statistical Ideas, Such As Correlation And Linear Regression Analysis. While The Text Is Biased Against Complex Equations, A Mathematical Background Is Needed For Advanced Topics. Practical Data Science with R lives up to its name. It explains basic principles without the theoretical mumbo-jumbo and jumps right to the real use cases you'll face as you collect, curate, and analyze the data crucial to the success of your business. You'll apply the R programming language and statistical analysis techniques to carefully explained examples based in marketing, business intelligence, and decision support. Business analysts and developers are increasingly collecting, curating, analyzing, and reporting on crucial business data. The R language and its associated tools provide a straightforward way to tackle day-to-day data science tasks without a lot of academic theory or advanced mathematics. Practical Data Science with R shows you how to apply the R programming language and useful statistical techniques to everyday business situations. Using examples from marketing, business intelligence, and decision support, it shows you how to design experiments (such as A/B tests), build predictive models, and present results to audiences of all levels. This book is accessible to readers without a background in data science. Some familiarity with basic statistics, R, or another scripting language is assumed. What's inside: Data science for the business professional; Statistical analysis using the R language; Project lifecycle, from planning to delivery; Numerous instantly familiar use cases; Keys to effective data presentations--Publisher website If you’re considering R for statistical computing and data visualization, this book provides a quick and practical guide to just about everything you can do with the open source R language and software environment. You’ll learn how to write R functions and use R packages to help you prepare, visualize, and analyze data. Author Joseph Adler illustrates each process with a wealth of examples from medicine, business, and sports.Updated for R 2.14 and 2.15, this second edition includes new and expanded chapters on R performance, the ggplot2 data visualization package, and parallel R computing with Hadoop.Get started quickly with an R tutorial and hundreds of examplesExplore R syntax, objects, and other language detailsFind thousands of user-contributed R packages online, including BioconductorLearn how to use R to prepare data for analysisVisualize your data with R’s graphics, lattice, and ggplot2 packagesUse R to calculate statistical fests, fit models, and compute probability distributionsSpeed up intensive computations by writing parallel R programs for HadoopGet a complete desktop reference to R If you're considering R for statistical computing and data visualization, this book provides a quick and practical guide to just about everything you can do with the open source R language and software environment. You'll learn how to write R functions and use R packages to help you prepare, visualize, and analyze data. Author Joseph Adler illustrates each process with a wealth of examples from medicine, business, and sports. Updated for R 2.14 and 2.15, this second edition includes new and expanded chapters on R performance, the ggplot2 data visualization package, and parallel R computing with Hadoop. Get started quickly with an R tutorial and hundreds of examples Explore R syntax, objects, and other language details Find thousands of user-contributed R packages online, including Bioconductor Learn how to use R to prepare data for analysis Visualize your data with R's graphics, lattice, and ggplot2 packages Use R to calculate statistical fests, fit models, and compute probability distributions Speed up intensive computations by writing parallel R programs for Hadoop Get a complete desktop reference to R When professionals are faced with analyzing moderate-to-large data sets, tools like Excel do not have the power or flexibility. R was designed for these situations, with good graphical capabilities and a large, robust library of contributed packages. While most books on R are stiff and academic, this Nutshell guide offers a readable overview of R, and contains a reference for the most commonly used features Presents a guide to the R computer language, covering such topics as the user interface, packages, syntax, objects, functions, object-oriented programming, data sets, lattice graphics, regression models, and bioconductor.