Making Competitive Cities

The book investigates the impact on the competitiveness of cities developing creative industries (arts, media, entertainment, creative business services, architects, publishers, designers) and knowledge-intensive industries (ICT, R & D, finance, law). It provides significant new knowledge to the theoretical and practical understanding of the conditions necessary to stimulate & quot;creative knowledge" cities. The editors compare the socio-economic developments, experiences and strategies in 13 urban regions across Europe: Amsterdam, Barcelona, Birmingham, Budapest, Dublin, Helsinki, Leipzig. Read more... Making Competitive Cities; Contents; Foreword; Preface; Contributors; PART I: INTRODUCTION; 1 Making Competitive Cities: Debates and Challenges; 2 The Idea of the Creative or Knowledge-Based City; PART II: PATHWAYS; 3 Pathways in Europe; 4 Stable Trajectories Towards the Creative Knowledge City? Amsterdam, Munich and Milan; 5 Reinventing the City: Barcelona, Birmingham and Dublin; 6 Institutional Change and New Development Paths: Budapest, Leipzig, Poznan, Riga and Sofia; 7 Changing Specialisations and Single Sector Dominance: Helsinki and Toulouse; PART III: ACTORS. 8 What Works for Managers and Highly Educated Workers in Creative Knowledge Industries?9 Managers and Entrepreneurs in Creative and Knowledge-Intensive Industries: What Determines Their Location? Toulouse, Helsinki, Budapest, Riga and Sofia; 10 Transnational Migrants in the Creative Knowledge Industries: Amsterdam, Barcelona, Dublin and Munich; 11 Attracting Young and High-Skilled Workers: Amsterdam, Milan and Barcelona; 12 Working on the Making Competitive Cities......Page 5 Contents......Page 7 Foreword......Page 12 Preface......Page 14 Contributors......Page 15 PART I: INTRODUCTION......Page 19 Debates and challenges......Page 21 Sectors......Page 23 Questions and theories......Page 25 Regions and sources......Page 28 Pathways, actors and policies......Page 32 References......Page 34 Essential conditions for competitive cities......Page 35 'Hard' conditions theory......Page 38 Cluster theory......Page 40 Personal networks......Page 42 'Soft' conditions theory......Page 43 Three parts......Page 47 References......Page 48 PART II: PATHWAYS......Page 51 Path dependency......Page 53 Initial expectations and comparisons......Page 56 The chapters to come......Page 58 References......Page 60 Introduction......Page 61 The economic base and the creative knowledge economy......Page 62 Development path: roots and current conditions of the creative knowledge economy......Page 67 Development paths: a synthesis and conclusion......Page 79 References......Page 82 Introduction......Page 85 Historical context......Page 86 The trajectory of industrial development......Page 87 The state and policy intervention......Page 94 The challenge of soft factors......Page 103 Conclusions......Page 107 References......Page 109 Introduction......Page 111 Socio-economic characteristics of the study areas......Page 113 Development pathways shaping the city profiles and the role of the systemic change......Page 117 Determinants of development of the creative knowledge sector......Page 124 Conclusions......Page 127 References......Page 128 Introduction......Page 131 Setting the context – Helsinki and Toulouse......Page 133 Pathways to knowledge-driven economies......Page 137 Knowledge driving economic development: sciences, industries and policies......Page 144 Future challenges......Page 147 Conclusion and discussion......Page 148 References......Page 150 PART III: ACTORS......Page 153 Introduction......Page 155 Three groups of actors and a range of conditions......Page 157 The following chapters......Page 160 References......Page 161 Introduction: places matter......Page 163 Cities and the creative class: major conceptual challenges......Page 164 Characteristics of the cities: a brief overview......Page 166 Location decisions: 'individual trajectory' considerations and 'hard' factors......Page 168 Location decisions: the role of 'soft' factors......Page 169 In-city location decisions......Page 172 Capital city versus provincial city location decisions......Page 174 Policymaking: 'soft', 'hard' or 'other'?......Page 175 Conclusions and implications......Page 177 References......Page 179 Introduction......Page 181 Conceptualising transnational migrants and the creative class......Page 182 Places and potentials......Page 185 The attractiveness of European metropolitan regions......Page 192 Conclusion......Page 203 Acknowledgments......Page 206 References......Page 207 Introduction......Page 210 Competing for young, high-skilled workers......Page 212 Young and high-skilled workers in European cities......Page 214 The Amsterdam, Barcelona and Milan city-regions......Page 218 Conclusions......Page 223 References......Page 224 Introduction: creative work – precariousness, uncertainty and risk?......Page 226 Methodology......Page 229 Insecure, casualised or long-term, sustainable employment?......Page 231 Discussion......Page 241 Conclusions......Page 245 References......Page 247 PART IV: POLICIES......Page 251 What should cities do?......Page 253 European cities......Page 255 Which policy agendas?......Page 257 Networking policy......Page 258 The following chapters......Page 259 References......Page 261 Introduction......Page 262 Distinctive policy traditions......Page 263 Existing strengths in creative knowledge policy......Page 265 New strategic economic policy approaches......Page 268 Key actors in entrepreneurial cities......Page 271 Addressing barriers and obstacles......Page 275 Conclusion and new challenges......Page 277 References......Page 279 Introduction......Page 281 The cluster policy paradigm......Page 282 The state of the creative and knowledge economy......Page 284 Supporting the creative and knowledge economy: three approaches......Page 286 Conclusions......Page 299 References......Page 302 Introduction......Page 304 Do policies help in competition? – a theoretical framework......Page 305 Economic development and political conditions......Page 308 The creative and knowledge sector and policies enhancing its development......Page 312 Conclusions......Page 320 References......Page 321 Introduction......Page 324 Conceptual prerequisites: understanding governance in creative and knowledge industries......Page 326 New governance dimensions......Page 327 Professionalisation – self-regulation and self-governance of new professions......Page 328 Towards new geographical scales?......Page 330 Governance approaches in Barcelona, Leipzig and Sofia......Page 332 Knowledge-intensive industries in regard to governance perspectives......Page 339 Conclusions......Page 340 References......Page 342 PART V: SYNTHESIS......Page 345 Introduction......Page 347 A city is not a T-shirt......Page 349 Multi-layered cities: the importance of pathways......Page 351 Personal actor networks: key conditions......Page 356 New governance approaches......Page 362 Conclusion......Page 365 References......Page 367 B......Page 369 C......Page 370 D......Page 371 G......Page 372 K......Page 373 M......Page 374 P......Page 375 S......Page 376 T......Page 377 Y......Page 378 The book investigates the impact on the competitiveness of cities developing creative industries (arts, media, entertainment, creative business services, architects, publishers, designers) and knowledge-intensive industries (ICT, R&D, finance, law). It provides significant new knowledge to the theoretical and practical understanding of the conditions necessary to stimulate "creative knowledge" cities. The editors compare the socio-economic developments, experiences and strategies in 13 urban regions across Europe: Amsterdam, Barcelona, Birmingham, Budapest, Dublin, Helsinki, Leipzig, Milan, Munich, Poznan, Riga, Sofia and Toulouse. These have different histories and roles; include capital and non-capital cities of different sizes; represent cities with different economic structures; and different cultural, political and welfare state traditions. Through this wide set of examples, Making Competitive Cities informs the debate about creative and knowledge-intensive industries, economic development, and competitiveness policies. It focuses on which metropolitan regions have a better chance to develop as "creative knowledge regions" and which do not, as well as investigating why this is so and what can policy do to influence change. Chapter authors from thirteen European institutions rigorously evaluate, reformulate and empirically test assumptions about cities and their potential for attracting creative and knowledge-intensive industries. As well as a systematic empirical comparison of developments related to these industries, the book examines the pathways that cities have followed and surveys both the negative and positive impacts of different prevailing conditions. Special Features: Analyses link between knowledge-intensive sectors and urban competitiveness Offers evidence from 13 European urban regions drawn from a major research project Establishes a new benchmark for academic and policy debates in a fast-moving field