Mastering Git: A Beginner's Guide (Mastering Computer Science)

Mastering Git: A Beginner’s Guide introduces developers of all ages to the wonderful and useful world of Git. As far as software development is considered, the advent of Git has truly proven to be a milestone. If you are a software developer, you have probably already heard of Git. Its importance and functionality in the world of coding merits very high praise for a variety of reasons. Computers now have become very amenable machines. You can remove a significant section of the text from your work accidentally, but there is no need to panic. Simply use the Undo option and you’re good. This, however, was not the case in the early days of development. Back then, developers did not have access to any such technology, and it was only one person who used to own the master copy of a work. This person would divide the code into specific parts, which would subsequently be divided between developers, who would work on their part and make their completed submissions independent of each other. This was followed by a standard check, after which the old version was completely replaced by the new version. This was a very tedious process―unless someone had beenvery proactive with making copies of the code, the previous versions of a file were often effectively lost. Thankfully, a significant breakthrough came in 1972 when developer Marc Rochkind invented the Source Code Control System (SCCS), which was the very first form of Version Control System (VCS). It was limited in terms of its functionality, and could allow only one person to work on it at a time, while concurrent management had to be handled using locks. But we have come a long way since then. Today, Git is the single most-used VCS out there. Its influence on coding and development, in particular, the innovative use of "branches" in order to facilitate collaboration for projects, cannot be over-emphasized. Version Control has become an indispensable part of our lives, and being familiar with the functioning of Git is something employers deem highly important. Mastering Git will prove to be of tremendous help to developers of all spheres in learning Git and Version Control. This book offers information on a wide array of subjects pertaining to Git, and even briefly touches upon its history, advantages, and disadvantages. Mastering Git also offers tips on installation and different elements involved in its functioning, such as Repositories, Remotes, Aliases, Tagging, and Branches. Popular services and hosts for such Git projects as GitHub, GitLab, and Bitbucket are also discussed in detail. This book will prove to be a handy guide for both newbie learners and trained professionals. Learn more about our other Mastering titles at: https://www.routledge.com/Mastering-Computer-Science/book-series/MCS Mastering Git aims to introduce developers of all ages to the wonderful and useful world of Git. Cover 1 Half Title 2 Series Page 3 Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Contents 6 About the Editor 14 CHAPTER 1: Getting Started 16 VERSION CONTROL BASICS 17 WHAT IS GIT? 24 ADVANTAGES OF GIT 30 For Development 31 Git for Marketing 32 Git for Product Management 32 Git for Designing 33 Git for Customer Support 34 Git for HR 34 Git for Budget Management 34 DISADVANTAGES OF GIT 34 HISTORY OF GIT 41 REFERENCES 48 CHAPTER 2: The Basics 50 INSTALLING GIT 50 FIRST TIME GIT SET UP 54 Establishing Your Identity 56 Editing 56 Default Branch Name 57 Check the Settings 57 Creating a New Repo 59 Git Clone 59 Saving Changes 60 Git Push 60 Bare and Cloned Repositories 61 Reverting Changes 61 TIPS AND TROUBLESHOOTING 62 CHAPTER 3: Working with Repositories 72 WHAT ARE GIT REPOSITORIES? 73 RECORDING CHANGES TO REPOS 75 WORKING WITH REMOTES 82 GIT ALIASES 87 TAGGING 95 How to List Your Tags? 95 Creating Tags 96 Annotated Tags 97 Lightweight Tags 97 Tagging Later 97 Sharing Tags 98 Deleting Tags 98 Check Out the Tags 99 Retagging or Replacing Old Tags 100 CHAPTER 4: Working with Branches 102 WHAT ARE BRANCHES? 103 Working 105 Common Commands 106 Creation of Branches 106 Creation of Remote Branches 107 Deleting Branches 107 BRANCHING AND MERGING 108 Definition of Git Branching 108 Branch Naming 110 BRANCH WORKFLOWS 114 How It Works 115 Beginning with the Main Branch 116 Creating a New Branch 116 Subsequent Tasks 116 Push Feature Branch to Remote 116 Resolve Feedback 117 Merge Your Pull Request 117 Pull Requests 117 REMOTE BRANCHES 121 Pushing 123 Tracking Branches 124 Pulling 126 Deleting the Remote Branches 126 CHAPTER 5: Working with Servers 128 GETTING GIT ON SERVER 129 Putting the Bare Repository on a Server 129 Small Setups 130 SSH Access 131 SERVER SETUP 132 DISTRIBUTED GIT AND PROJECTS 134 Distributed Workflow 135 Centralized Workflow 135 Integrator-Manager Workflow 136 Dictator and Lieutenants Workflow 138 Contributing to Projects 139 Commit Guidelines 141 CHAPTER 6: GitHub 144 WHAT IS GITHUB? 144 Account Set Up and Configuration 146 SSH Access 149 Your Avatar 150 Email Addresses 150 Two-Factor Authentication 151 HISTORY OF GITHUB 152 Acquired by Microsoft 154 Mascot 156 HOW TO USE GITHUB 159 How to Create a Repository on GitHub? 159 Create Branches 160 Making Commits 161 Pull Command 162 Merge Command 163 Cloning and Forking GitHub Repository 163 DIFFERENT TYPES OF ACCOUNTS 164 Personal User Accounts 164 Organization Accounts 165 Enterprise Accounts 166 CHAPTER 7: GitLab 168 WHAT IS GITLAB 168 HISTORY OF GITLAB 170 HOW TO USE GITLAB 176 GitLab and SSH Keys 176 Prerequisites 177 Supported SSH Key Types 177 Generating the SSH Keys 178 Configure Your SSH to Point to a Different Directory 179 Updating Your SSH Key Passphrase 180 Upgrade Your RSA Pair to a More Secure Format 180 Adding an SSH Key to Your GitLab Account 181 Verifying That You Can Connect 181 Using Different Keys for Different Repositories 182 Using Different Accounts on a Single GitLab Instance 182 Configure Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) 183 Using EGit on Eclipse 184 Use SSH on Microsoft Windows 184 Overriding SSH Settings on GitLab Server 185 Troubleshooting SSH Connections 185 Creating a Project 187 Creating a Group 187 Reserved Project and Group Names 188 How to Create a Branch 189 Feature Branch Workflow 190 Creating Forks 190 Adding a File to a Repository 191 Create a New Issue 192 Creating Merge Requests 192 From an Issue 193 When You Have to Add, Edit, or Upload a File 194 When You Create a Branch 195 When You Use Git Commands Locally 195 When You Have to Work in a Fork 196 By Sending an Email 197 Add Attachments When Creating Merge Request by Email 198 Set the Default Target Project 199 Working with Projects 199 Project Templates 201 Enterprise Templates 202 Custom Project Templates 203 Star a Project 205 Group Push Rules 209 Checking If Access Was Blocked Due to IP Restriction 209 FREE AND ENTERPRISE ACCOUNTS 210 CHAPTER 8: Bitbucket 212 WHAT IS BITBUCKET 212 Services 214 Bitbucket Cloud 214 Granting Repository Access to Users and Groups 216 Update User/Group Access 218 Branch Permissions 219 Suggesting or Requiring Checks before a Merge Takes Place 220 Using Pull Requests for Code Review 225 Pull Request Process 225 Pull Request Authors 225 Pull Request Reviewers 226 How to Restore a Deleted Branch 227 Bitbucket Server 228 HISTORY 229 FREE AND ENTERPRISE ACCOUNTS 231 Free 231 Standard 231 Premium 232 Overage Protection 232 Changing Your Plan 233 Updated Credit Card Details 234 See the Users on Your Plan 235 APPRAISAL 238 INDEX 246 GIT;,Repositories;,Aliases;,Tagging;,Annotated,Tags;,Lightweight,Tags;,Retagging;,Branches;,Pushing;,Tracking,branches;,Pulling;,Deleting;,Servers;,Getopt,package;,Alibaba,Group;,Apache,Maven;,Bitbucket;,Autocorrection;,Centralized,workflow;,Context,switching;,Continuous,Integration;,Domain,Name,System;,Cryptographic,hash GIT,Repositories,Aliases,Tagging,Annotated Tags,Lightweight Tags,Retagging,Branches,Pushing,Tracking branches,Pulling,Deleting,Servers,Getopt package,Alibaba Group,Apache Maven,Bitbucket,Autocorrection,Centralized workflow,Context switching,Continuous Integration,Domain Name System,Cryptographic hash Mastering Git Aims To Introduce Developers Of All Ages To The Wonderful And Useful World Of Git. As Far As Software Development Is Considered, The Advent Of Git Has Truly Proven To Be A Milestone. If You Are A Software Developer, You Have Probably Heard Of Git Already. Its Importance And Functionality In The World Of Coding Merits Very High Praise For A Variety Of Reasons. Computers Now Have Become Very Amenable Machines. You Can Remove A Significant Section Of The Text From Your Work Accidentally, But There Is No Need To Panic. Simply Use The Undo Option And You're Good. This, However, Was Not The Case In The Early Days Of Development. Back Then, Developers Did Not Have Access To Any Such Technology, And It Was Only One Person Who Used To Own The Master Copy Of A Work. This Person Would Divide The Code Into Specific Parts, Which Would Subsequently Be Divided Between Developers, Who Would Work On Their Part And Make Their Completed Submissions Independently Of Each Other. This Was Followed By A Standard Check, After Which The Old Version Was Completely Replaced By The New Version. This Was A Very Tedious Process -- Unless Someone Were Very Proactive With Making Copies Of The Code, The Previous Versions Of A File Were Often Effectively Lost. Thankfully, A Significant Breakthrough Came In 1972 When Developer Marc Rochkind Invented The Source Code Control System (sccs), Which Was The Very First Form Of Version Control System. It Was Limited In Terms Of Its Functionality, Could Allow Only One Person To Work On It At A Time, While Concurrent Management Had To Be Handled Using Locks. But We Have Come A Long Way Since Then. Today, Git Is The Single Most-used Vcs Out There, And Its Influence On Coding And Development, In Particular, The Innovative Use Of 'branches' In Order To Facilitate Collaboration For Projects, Cannot Be Over-emphasized. Version Control Has Become An Indispensable Part Of Our Lives, And Being Familiar With The Functioning Of Git Is Something Employers Deem Highly Important. Mastering Git - Beginner's Guide Will Prove To Be Of Tremendous Help For Developers Of All Spheres In Learning Git And Version Control. The Book Offers Information On A Wide Array Of Subjects Pertaining To Git, And Even Briefly Touches Upon Its History, Advantages And Disadvantages. Mastering Git Also Offers Tips On Installation, Different Elements Involved In Its Functioning Like Repositories, Remotes, Aliases, Tagging, Branches, Etc. Popular Services And Hosts For Git Projects Like Github, Gitlab, Bitbucket, Etc. Too Are Discussed In Detail. For Both Newbie Learners As Well As Trained Professionals, This Book Will Prove To Be A Handy Guide For All Times. Learn More About Our Mastering Titles On This Page Mastering Computer Science - Book Series - Routledge & Crc Press