Materials design and applications. IV

translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. About This Book Contents Part I Metals 1 Microstructure and Strength Properties of the Mg-Zn-Ca-Er Alloy Produced by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) Method 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Material and Methods 1.2.1 Material 1.2.2 Experimental Procedure 1.3 Results and Discussion 1.4 Conclusions References Part II Composites 2 Coir and Hop Fibres: Tensile Characterization and Comparison Between Fibres from Distinct Climates 2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 Natural Fibres 2.2 Experimental Procedure 2.2.1 Hop Fibre Extraction Method 2.2.2 Specimen Manufacturing 2.2.3 Tensile Test 2.3 Results and Discussion 2.4 Conclusions References 3 Simulation Strategies for Dynamic and Static Behaviour of Composite Beams 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Methodology 3.3 Results 3.4 Conclusions References 4 The Design of a Cementitious Material Modified with the Synergistic Addition of Sodium Silicate and Fine Aggregate Sourced from Granite Waste in Order to Obtain a Mortar with Low Capillary Suction 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Materials and Methods 4.2.1 Granite Fine Aggregate 4.2.2 Cement 4.2.3 Sodium Silicate 4.2.4 Testing the Capillary Suction of the Granite Fine Aggregate 4.2.5 Testing the Capillary Suction of the Designed Cementitious Material 4.3 Results 4.3.1 The Capillary Suction of the Granite Fine Aggregate 4.3.2 The Capillary Suction of the Prepared Cementitious Materials 4.4 Conclusions References 5 The Production Process of Foamed Geopolymers with the Use of Various Foaming Agents 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Materials and Method of Sample Preparation 5.3 Methods of Testing 5.4 Results and Discussion 5.4.1 Part I—Comparison of Foaming Agents 5.4.2 Part II—Influence of Water Addition 5.5 Conclusion References Part III Additive Manufacturing 6 Mechanical and Physical Characterization of Parts Manufactured by 3D Printing 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Experimental Procedure 6.2.1 Tensile Test 6.2.2 Flexural Test 6.2.3 Water Absorption Test 6.3 Results and Discussion 6.3.1 Tensile Test 6.3.2 Flexural Test 6.3.3 Water Absorption Test 6.4 Conclusions References 7 Potential Use of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash in Cementitious Mortars for 3D Printing 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Literature Review 7.3 Laboratory Tests for SCBA Characterization 7.3.1 Bulk Density 7.3.2 Particle Size Distribution 7.4 Cementitious Mortar Design 7.4.1 Materials Used 7.4.2 Dosage Calculation 7.5 Laboratory Tests for Mortar Characterization 7.5.1 Consistency of Fresh Mortar 7.5.2 Mechanical Resistance 7.6 Printing Trial 7.7 Conclusions References Part IV Design 8 Experimental Bench for the Analysis of Belt Deformation in Belt–Pulley Systems by Digital Image Correlation 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Brush Model Outline 8.3 Test Bench Description 8.4 DIC Analyses Implementation 8.5 Test Results and Discussion 8.6 Conclusions References Part V Forming 9 The Effect of Rubber Hardness on the Channel Depth of the Metallic Bipolar Plates Fabricated by Rubber Pad Forming 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Methods and Procedures 9.2.1 Material Characterization 9.2.2 Rubber Pad Forming Experiments 9.2.3 Measurement of the Channel Depth 9.3 Results and Discussion 9.3.1 The Effect of Applied Force on the Channel Depth 9.3.2 The Effect of Rubber Layer Hardness on the Channel Depth 9.3.3 Rupture Criterion 9.4 Conclusions References Part VI Joining 10 Numerical Investigation of the Influence of a Movable Die Base on Joint Formation in Semi-tubular Self-piercing Riveting 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Experimental Procedure 10.3 Results and Discussion 10.4 Conclusion References 11 Finite Element Analysis to Determine Pull-Out Strength of Fixation Around Large Defect Site in Femur Reconstruction Surgery 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Materials and Methods 11.2.1 Two-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis 11.2.2 Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis 11.2.3 Validation Experiments 11.3 Results and Discussions 11.4 Conclusions References This book offers selected contributions on fundamental research and application in designing and engineering materials. It focuses on mechanical engineering applications such as automobile, railway, marine, aerospace, biomedical, pressure vessel technology, turbine technology. This includes a wide range of material classes, like lightweight metallic materials, polymers, composites, and ceramics. Advanced applications include manufacturing using the new or newer materials, testing methods, multi-scale experimental and computational aspects.