From cell phones and television remote controls to automobile engines and spacecraft, microcontrollers are everywhere. Programming these prolific devices is a much more involved and integrated task than it is for general-purpose microprocessors; microcontroller programmers must be fluent in application development, systems programming, and I/O operation as well as memory management and system timing. Using the popular and pervasive mid-range 8-bit Microchip PICR as an archetype, Microcontroller Programming offers a self-contained presentation of the multidisciplinary tools needed to design and implement modern embedded systems and microcontrollers. The authors begin with basic electronics, number systems, and data concepts followed by digital logic, arithmetic, conversions, circuits, and circuit components to build a firm background in the computer science and electronics fundamentals involved in programming microcontrollers. For the remainder of the book, they focus on PIC architecture and programming tools and work systematically through programming various functions, modules, and devices. Helpful appendices supply the full mid-range PIC instruction set as well as additional programming solutions, a guide to resistor color codes, and a concise method for building custom circuit boards. Providing just the right mix of theory and practical guidance, Microcontroller Programming: The Microchip PICR is the ideal tool for any amateur or professional designing and implementing stand-alone systems for a wide variety of applications. Microcontroller Programming: The Microchip PIC......Page 1 Table of Contents......Page 6 Preface......Page 16 Additional Material......Page 18 1.0 The Atom......Page 19 1.1 Isotopes and Ions......Page 20 1.2 Static Electricity......Page 21 1.3 Electrical Charge......Page 22 1.4 Electrical Circuits......Page 24 1.5 Circuit Elements......Page 26 1.6 Semiconductors......Page 33 2.0 Counting......Page 37 2.1 The Origins of the Decimal System......Page 38 2.2 Types of Numbers......Page 41 2.3 Radix Representations......Page 43 2.4 Number System Conversions......Page 45 3.1 Character Representations......Page 51 3.2 Storage and Encoding of Integers......Page 55 3.3 Encoding of Fractional Numbers......Page 62 3.4 Binary-Coded Decimals (BCD)......Page 69 4.0 Microcontroller Logic and Arithmetic......Page 73 4.1 Logical Instructions......Page 74 4.2 Microcontroller Arithmetic......Page 76 4.3 Bit Manipulations and Auxiliary Operations......Page 80 4.4 Unsigned Binary Arithmetic......Page 82 4.5 Signed Binary Arithmetic......Page 85 4.6 Data Format Conversions......Page 90 5.0 Digital Circuits......Page 95 5.1 The Diode Revisited......Page 96 5.2 The Transistor......Page 99 5.3 Logic Gates......Page 102 5.4 Transistor-Transistor Logic......Page 103 5.6 CMOS Logic Gates......Page 111 6.0 Power Supplies......Page 113 6.1 Clocked Logic and Flip-flops......Page 114 6.2 Clocks......Page 121 6.3 Frequency Dividers and Counters......Page 125 6.4 Multiplexers and Demultiplexers......Page 133 6.5 Input Devices......Page 136 7.0 The PICMicro Microcontroller......Page 147 7.1 PIC Architecture......Page 152 Mid-range PIC Architecture......Page 159 8.0 Processor Architecture and Design......Page 160 8.1 The Mid-range Core Features......Page 163 8.2 Mid-Range CPU and Instruction Set......Page 167 8.3 EEPROM Data Storage......Page 171 8.4 Data Memory Organization......Page 172 8.5 Mid-range I/O and Peripheral Modules......Page 176 9.0 Microchip’s MPLAB......Page 181 9.1 Integrated Development Environment......Page 183 9.2 Simulators and Debuggers......Page 188 9.3 Programmers......Page 192 9.4 Engineering PIC Software......Page 193 9.5 Pseudo Instructions......Page 204 10.0 16F84A Programming Template......Page 207 10.1 Introducing the 16F84A......Page 209 10.2 Simple Circuits and Programs......Page 212 10.3 Programming the Seven-segment LED......Page 222 10.4 A Demonstration Board......Page 224 11.0 Interrupts on the 16F84......Page 229 11.1 Interrupt Sources......Page 231 11.2 Interrupt Handlers......Page 235 11.3 Interrupt Programming......Page 236 11.4 Sample Programs......Page 247 12.0 The 16F84 Timer0 Module......Page 259 12.1 Delays Using Timer0......Page 261 12.2 Timer0 as a Counter......Page 264 12.3 Timer0 Programming......Page 265 12.4 The Watchdog Timer......Page 277 12.5 Sample Programs......Page 278 13.0 LCD Features and Architecture......Page 293 13.1 Interfacing with the HD44780......Page 297 13.2 HD44780 Instruction Set......Page 301 13.3 LCD Programming......Page 305 13.4 Sample Programs......Page 324 14.0 PIC Communications Overview......Page 357 14.1 Serial Data Transmission......Page 358 14.2 Parallel Data Transmission......Page 368 14.3 PIC fiFree-stylefl Serial Programmi......Page 369 14.4 PIC Protocol-based Serial Programming......Page 384 14.5 Sample Programs......Page 407 Data EEPROM Programming......Page 477 15.0 PIC Internal EEPROM Memory......Page 478 15.1 EEPROM Devices and Interfaces......Page 493 15.2 Sample Programs......Page 510 Analog to Digital and Realtime Clocks......Page 561 16.0 A/D Converters......Page 562 16.1 A/D Integrated Circuits......Page 564 16.2 PIC On-Board A/D Hardware......Page 567 16.3 Realtime Clocks......Page 576 16.4 Sample Programs......Page 586 Appendix A - Resistor Color Codes......Page 631 Appendix B - Building Your Own Circuit Boards......Page 633 Appendix C - Mid-range Instruction Set......Page 639 Appendix D - Supplementary Programs......Page 677 Index......Page 813 Microcontroller Programming: The Microchip PIC 1 Table of Contents 6 Preface 16 Additional Material 18 Basic Electronics 19 1.0 The Atom 19 1.1 Isotopes and Ions 20 1.2 Static Electricity 21 1.3 Electrical Charge 22 1.4 Electrical Circuits 24 1.5 Circuit Elements 26 1.6 Semiconductors 33 Number Systems 37 2.0 Counting 37 2.1 The Origins of the Decimal System 38 2.2 Types of Numbers 41 2.3 Radix Representations 43 2.4 Number System Conversions 45 Data Types and Data Storage 51 3.0 Electronic-Digital Machines 51 3.1 Character Representations 51 3.2 Storage and Encoding of Integers 55 3.3 Encoding of Fractional Numbers 62 3.4 Binary-Coded Decimals (BCD) 69 Digital Logic, Arithmetic, and Conversions 73 4.0 Microcontroller Logic and Arithmetic 73 4.1 Logical Instructions 74 4.2 Microcontroller Arithmetic 76 4.3 Bit Manipulations and Auxiliary Operations 80 4.4 Unsigned Binary Arithmetic 82 4.5 Signed Binary Arithmetic 85 4.6 Data Format Conversions 90 Circuits and Logic Gates 95 5.0 Digital Circuits 95 5.1 The Diode Revisited 96 5.2 The Transistor 99 5.3 Logic Gates 102 5.4 Transistor-Transistor Logic 103 5.5 Other TTL Logic Families 111 5.6 CMOS Logic Gates 111 Circuit Components 113 6.0 Power Supplies 113 6.1 Clocked Logic and Flip-flops 114 6.2 Clocks 121 6.3 Frequency Dividers and Counters 125 6.4 Multiplexers and Demultiplexers 133 6.5 Input Devices 136 The Microchip PIC 147 7.0 The PICMicro Microcontroller 147 7.1 PIC Architecture 152 Mid-range PIC Architecture 159 8.0 Processor Architecture and Design 160 8.1 The Mid-range Core Features 163 8.2 Mid-Range CPU and Instruction Set 167 8.3 EEPROM Data Storage 171 8.4 Data Memory Organization 172 8.5 Mid-range I/O and Peripheral Modules 176 PIC Programming: Tools and Techniques 181 9.0 Microchip’s MPLAB 181 9.1 Integrated Development Environment 183 9.2 Simulators and Debuggers 188 9.3 Programmers 192 9.4 Engineering PIC Software 193 9.5 Pseudo Instructions 204 Programming Essentials: Input and Output 207 10.0 16F84A Programming Template 207 10.1 Introducing the 16F84A 209 10.2 Simple Circuits and Programs 212 10.3 Programming the Seven-segment LED 222 10.4 A Demonstration Board 224 Interrupts 229 11.0 Interrupts on the 16F84 229 11.1 Interrupt Sources 231 11.2 Interrupt Handlers 235 11.3 Interrupt Programming 236 11.4 Sample Programs 247 Timers and Counters 259 12.0 The 16F84 Timer0 Module 259 12.1 Delays Using Timer0 261 12.2 Timer0 as a Counter 264 12.3 Timer0 Programming 265 12.4 The Watchdog Timer 277 12.5 Sample Programs 278 LCD Interfacing and Programming 293 13.0 LCD Features and Architecture 293 13.1 Interfacing with the HD44780 297 13.2 HD44780 Instruction Set 301 13.3 LCD Programming 305 13.4 Sample Programs 324 Communications 357 14.0 PIC Communications Overview 357 14.1 Serial Data Transmission 358 14.2 Parallel Data Transmission 368 14.3 PIC fiFree-stylefl Serial Programmi 369 14.4 PIC Protocol-based Serial Programming 384 14.5 Sample Programs 407 Data EEPROM Programming 477 15.0 PIC Internal EEPROM Memory 478 15.1 EEPROM Devices and Interfaces 493 15.2 Sample Programs 510 Analog to Digital and Realtime Clocks 561 16.0 A/D Converters 562 16.1 A/D Integrated Circuits 564 16.2 PIC On-Board A/D Hardware 567 16.3 Realtime Clocks 576 16.4 Sample Programs 586 Appendix A - Resistor Color Codes 631 Appendix B - Building Your Own Circuit Boards 633 Appendix C - Mid-range Instruction Set 639 Appendix D - Supplementary Programs 677 Index 813
From cell phones and television remote controls to automobile engines and spacecraft, microcontrollers are everywhere. Programming these prolific devices is a much more involved and integrated task than it is for general-purpose microprocessors; microcontroller programmers must be fluent in application development, systems programming, and I/O operation as well as memory management and system timing.
Using the popular and pervasive mid-range 8-bit Microchip PIC® as an archetype, Microcontroller Programming offers a self-contained presentation of the multidisciplinary tools needed to design and implement modern embedded systems and microcontrollers. The authors begin with basic electronics, number systems, and data concepts followed by digital logic, arithmetic, conversions, circuits, and circuit components to build a firm background in the computer science and electronics fundamentals involved in programming microcontrollers.
For the remainder of the book, they focus on PIC architecture and programming tools and work systematically through programming various functions, modules, and devices. Helpful appendices supply the full mid-range PIC instruction set as well as additional programming solutions, a guide to resistor color codes, and a concise method for building custom circuit boards.
Providing just the right mix of theory and practical guidance, Microcontroller Programming: The Microchip PIC® is the ideal tool for any amateur or professional designing and implementing stand-alone systems for a wide variety of applications.
as The Demand For Broadband Services Continues To Grow Worldwide, Traditional Solutions, Such As Digital Cable And Fiber Optics, Are Often Difficult And Expensive To Implement, Especially In Rural And Remote Areas. The Emerging Wimax System Satisfies The Growing Need For High Data-rate Applications Such As Voiceover Ip, Video Conferencing, Interactive Gaming, And Multimedia Streaming. Wimax Deployments Not Only Serve Residential And Enterprise Users But Can Also Be Deployed As A Backhaul For Wi-fi Hotspots Or 3g Cellular Towers. By Providing Affordable Wireless Broadband Access, The Technology Of Wimax Will Revolutionize Broadband Communications In The Developed World And Bridge The Digital Divide In Developing Countries.
part Of The Wimax Handbook, This Volume Focuses On The Applications Of Wimax. The Book Describes The Logical Architecture Of Ieee 802.16, Introduces Some Of The Main Ieee 802.16 Family Standards, Compares Wimax To Wi-fi, And Studies The Feasibility Of Supporting Voip Over Wimax. It Also Looks At The Residential Use Of Wimax As Well As The Strategies Of Using Wimax In Remote Locales And Rural Communities. In Addition, The Book Examines The Backhaul Requirements Of A Large Fixed Wireless Network And The Problem Of Centralized Routing And Scheduling For Ieee 802.16 Mesh Networks.
with The Revolutionary Technology Of Wimax, The Lives Of Many Will Undoubtedly Improve, Thereby Leading To Greater Economic Empowerment.
As the demand for broadband services continues to grow worldwide, traditional solutions, such as digital cable and fiber optics, are often difficult and expensive to implement, especially in rural and remote areas. The emerging WiMAX system satisfies the growing need for high data-rate applications such as voiceover IP, video conferencing, interactive gaming, and multimedia streaming. WiMAX deployments not only serve residential and enterprise users but can also be deployed as a backhaul for Wi-Fi hotspots or 3G cellular towers. By providing affordable wireless broadband access, the technology of WiMAX will revolutionize broadband communications in the developed world and bridge the digital divide in developing countries. Part of the WiMAX Handbook, this volume focuses on the applications of WiMAX. The book describes the logical architecture of IEEE 802.16, introduces some of the main IEEE 802.16 family standards, compares WiMAX to Wi-Fi, and studies the feasibility of supporting VoIP over WiMAX. It also looks at the residential use of WiMAX as well as the strategies of using WiMAX in remote locales and rural communities. In addition, the book examines the backhaul requirements of a large fixed wireless network and the problem of centralized routing and scheduling for IEEE 802.16 mesh networks. With the revolutionary technology of WiMAX, the lives of many will undoubtedly improve, thereby leading to greater economic empowerment. "Using the popular and pervasive mid-range 8-bit Microchip PIC as an archetype, Microcontroller Programming offers a self-contained presentation of the multidisciplinary tools needed to design and implement modern embedded systems and microcontrollers. The authors begin with basic electronics, number systems, and data concepts followed by digital logic, arithmetic, conversions, circuits, and circuit components to build a firm background in the computer science and electronics fundamentals involved in programming microcontrollers."--Jacket [v. 1]. WiMAX: technologies, performance analysis, and QoS [v. 2]. WiMAX: standards and security [v. 3]. WiMAX: applications
