Microwave and RF design : a systems approach

Cover Page ......Page 2 Preface ......Page 8 Table of Contents ......Page 14 1.1 Introduction ......Page 28 1.2 RF Signals ......Page 32 1.3 Analog Modulation ......Page 33 1.4 Digital Modulation ......Page 42 1.5 Interference and Distortion ......Page 63 1.6 Early Receiver Technology ......Page 67 1.7 Modern Transmitter Architectures ......Page 69 1.8 Modern Receiver Architectures ......Page 74 1.9 Summary ......Page 85 1.10 Exercises ......Page 86 2.1 Introduction ......Page 88 2.2 RF Antennas ......Page 89 2.3 Radiation from a Current Filament ......Page 91 2.4 Resonant Antennas ......Page 95 2.5 Traveling-Wave Antennas ......Page 101 2.6 The RF Link ......Page 108 2.7 Radio Link Interference ......Page 119 2.8 Summary ......Page 123 2.9 Exercises ......Page 124 3.1 Introduction ......Page 128 3.2 Communication Over Distance ......Page 129 3.3 Wireless Standards ......Page 137 3.4 Conventional Wireless Communications ......Page 138 3.5 Simplex and Duplex Operation ......Page 140 3.6 Cellular Communications ......Page 142 3.7 Multiple Access Schemes ......Page 152 3.8 Spectrum Efficiency ......Page 156 3.10 Generations of Radio ......Page 159 3.11 Long-Term Evolution: Beyond 3G ......Page 169 3.12 Radar Systems ......Page 177 3.13 Radiometer System ......Page 183 3.14 Summary ......Page 184 3.15 Exercises ......Page 185 4.1 Introduction ......Page 188 4.2 Media ......Page 198 4.4 Transmission Line Structures ......Page 201 4.5 Modeling of Transmission Lines ......Page 205 4.6 Transmission Line Theory ......Page 206 4.7 The Terminated Lossless Line ......Page 221 4.8 Special Cases of Lossless Terminated Lines ......Page 242 4.9 Input Impedance of a Terminated Lossy Line ......Page 247 4.10 Microstrip Transmission Lines ......Page 248 4.11 Microstrip Design Formulas ......Page 256 4.12 Transmission Line Components ......Page 259 4.13 Resonators ......Page 263 4.15 Exercises ......Page 265 5.1 Introduction ......Page 272 5.2 Frequency-Dependent Characteristics ......Page 273 5.3 High-Frequency Properties of Microstrip Lines ......Page 280 5.4 Multimoding on Transmission Lines ......Page 287 5.5 Parallel-Plate Waveguide ......Page 289 5.6 Microstrip Operating Frequency Limitations ......Page 294 5.7 Power Losses and Parasitic Effects ......Page 301 5.8 Lines on Semiconductor Substrates ......Page 302 5.10 Exercises ......Page 307 6.1 Introduction ......Page 314 6.2 Two-Port Networks ......Page 315 6.3 Scattering Parameters ......Page 326 6.4 The N-Port Network ......Page 332 6.5 Scattering Parameter Matrices of Common Two-Ports ......Page 338 6.6 Scattering Parameter Two-Port Relationships ......Page 341 6.7 Signal Flow Graph ......Page 344 6.8 Polar Representations of Scattering Parameters ......Page 353 6.9 Smith Chart ......Page 357 6.10 Reflection Coefficient and Change of Reference Impedance ......Page 367 6.11 Measurement of Scattering Parameters ......Page 373 6.12 Summary ......Page 392 6.13 Exercises ......Page 393 7.1 Introduction ......Page 398 7.2 Lumped Elements ......Page 399 7.3 Terminations and Attenuators ......Page 402 7.4 Magnetic Transformers ......Page 407 7.5 Hybrids ......Page 413 7.6 Balun ......Page 415 7.7 Wilkinson Combiner and Divider ......Page 419 7.8 Transmission Line Transformer ......Page 421 7.9 Hybrid Transformer Used as a Combiner ......Page 424 7.10 Hybrid Transformer Used as a Power Splitter ......Page 427 7.11 Broadband Hybrid Combiner ......Page 428 7.12 Branch-Line Hybrids Based on Transmission Lines ......Page 429 7.13 Lumped-Element Hybrids ......Page 430 7.14 Resonators ......Page 431 7.15 Circulators and Isolators ......Page 433 7.17 Exercises ......Page 435 8.1 Introduction ......Page 438 8.2 Q Factor and Resonant Circuits ......Page 441 8.3 Impedance Transforming Networks ......Page 444 8.4 The L Matching Network ......Page 449 8.5 Dealing with Complex Loads ......Page 453 8.6 Multi-Element Matching ......Page 460 8.7 Impedance Matching Using Smith Charts ......Page 468 8.8 Distributed Matching ......Page 473 8.9 Summary ......Page 480 8.10 Exercises ......Page 481 9.1 Introduction ......Page 486 9.2 Physics of Coupling ......Page 487 9.3 Coupled Transmission Line Theory ......Page 491 9.4 Capacitance Matrix Extraction ......Page 495 9.5 Symmetric Coupled Transmission Lines ......Page 497 9.6 Formulas for Characteristic Impedance of Coupled Microstrip Lines ......Page 503 9.7 Directional Coupler ......Page 510 9.9 The Lange Coupler ......Page 521 9.10 Directional Coupler with Lumped Capacitors ......Page 522 9.11 Models of Parallel Coupled Lines ......Page 523 9.12 Differential and Common Modes ......Page 526 9.14 Exercises ......Page 528 Ch. 10 - Filters ......Page 532 10.1 Introduction ......Page 533 10.2 Singly and Doubly Terminated Networks ......Page 535 10.3 The Lowpass Filter Prototype ......Page 540 10.4 The Maximally Flat (Butterworth) Lowpass Approximation ......Page 541 10.5 The Chebyshev Lowpass Approximation ......Page 545 10.6 Element Extraction ......Page 548 10.7 Butterworth and Chebyshev Filters ......Page 554 10.8 Impedance and Admittance Inverters ......Page 559 10.9 Filter Transformations ......Page 568 10.10 Cascaded Line Realization of Filters ......Page 577 10.11 Richard's Transformation ......Page 579 10.12 Coupled Line Configurations ......Page 585 10.13 Inverter Network Scaling ......Page 590 10.14 Combline Filter ......Page 593 10.15 Parallel Coupled Line Filters in an Inhomogenous Medium ......Page 607 10.16 Design of a Bandstop Filter ......Page 608 10.17 Alternative Bandpass Filter Topologies ......Page 611 10.18 Active Filters ......Page 613 10.20 Exercises ......Page 618 11.1 Introduction ......Page 622 11.2 Transistor Technology ......Page 623 11.3 Amplifier Design Strategies ......Page 633 11.4 Class A, AB, B, and C Amplifiers ......Page 635 11.5 Amplifier Stability ......Page 644 11.6 Amplifier Gain Definitions ......Page 654 11.7 Linear Amplifier Design ......Page 663 11.8 Differential Amplifier ......Page 671 11.9 Distributed Biasing of Differential Amplifiers ......Page 680 11.10 Switching Amplifiers ......Page 696 11.11 Noise ......Page 698 11.12 Amplifier Nonlinear Distortion ......Page 708 11.13 Dynamic Range ......Page 712 11.14 Distortion and Digitally Modulated Signals ......Page 719 11.15 Amplifiers and RFICs ......Page 721 11.16 Management of Amplifier Distortion ......Page 724 11.17 Summary ......Page 728 11.18 Exercises ......Page 729 12.1 Introduction ......Page 734 12.2 Diodes ......Page 735 12.3 Mixers ......Page 738 12.4 Switches ......Page 749 12.5 Oscillators ......Page 752 12.6 Design of a Voltage-Controlled Oscillator ......Page 761 12.7 Summary ......Page 772 12.8 Exercises ......Page 773 13.1 Introduction ......Page 774 13.2 Design of a Miniature Planar Marchand Baluns ......Page 775 13.3 Biasing of Differential Circuits with Broadband Common-Mode Suppression ......Page 793 13.4 Tapped Marchand Baluns for Stable Matching Applications ......Page 807 13.5 Filters with Enhanced Stopband Performances ......Page 822 13.6 Summary ......Page 835 References ......Page 836 A: Mathematical Indentities and Relationships ......Page 850 B: Power Descriptions ......Page 864 C: Physical Constants and Material Properties ......Page 866 D: Maxwell's Equations ......Page 874 E: Waveguide Field Analysis ......Page 896 F: RF and Microwave Circuit Schematic Symbols ......Page 920 G: Active Device Models ......Page 928 Index ......Page 942 Glossary ......Page 970 System Module -- -- 1. Modulation, Transmitters and Receivers -- -- 2. Antennas and RF Link -- -- 3. Radio Frequency Systems -- Transmission Line Module -- -- 4. Transmission Lines -- -- 5. Extraordinary Transmission Line Effects -- Network Module -- -- 6. Microwave Network Analysis -- -- 7. Passive Components -- -- 8. Impedance Matching -- Coupled Line and Filter Module -- -- 9. Coupled Lines and Applications -- -- 10. Filters -- Active Device and Synthesis Module -- -- 11. Amplifiers -- -- 12. Mixers, Oscillators and Switches -- -- 13. Synthesis -- -- A. Mathematical Identities and Relationships -- -- B. Power Descriptions -- -- C. Physical Constants and Material Properties -- -- D. Maxwell's Equations -- -- E. Waveguide Field Analysis -- -- F. RF and Microwave Circuit Schematic Symbols -- -- G. Active Device Models. Presents an introduction to radio frequency (RF) and microwave design with a systems first approach. This book features RF and microwave engineering that provides the tools for engineers to work with modern radio, radar and sensor systems.