MIPS2C : programming from the machine up

Preface 4 List of Figures 10 List of Tables 13 Definitions 14 From the Machine... 23 Introduction 24 Some Basics 26 Machine Language versus High-Level Language 28 Code Translation 31 Machine Instruction Sets 33 The Machine 35 Practicalities 38 Further Reading 40 Exercises 40 Numbers and the Machine 42 Logic 42 Numbers 48 Numbers and Logic 57 The Machine 60 Exercises 69 Assembly by Example 71 Instructions and their Formats 71 Memory access 75 ALU operations 83 Control 90 Floating Point 96 Exercises 98 Memory and Functions 101 Calling functions 104 Global Variables 114 Local Variables and the Call Stack 119 Bigger Parameters 133 Recursion 135 Exercises 142 Data Structures 145 Machine-Level Data 145 Arrays 148 Dynamic Data 165 Structured types 172 Objects 182 Putting it all Together 190 Exercises 191 Performance 194 More at once 195 Memory Hierarchy and Performance 203 Input and Output 206 Energy and mobility 208 Wrap-up 209 Exercises 210 ...to C 213 Structure of a C Program 214 Minimal C Program 215 Program Files 216 Program File Contents 218 Major Constructs 221 Main Program Parameters 230 Multifile Programs 232 Further Reading 234 Exercises 234 The UNIX Command Line 237 Command Line 237 Programming 242 More Complex Commands 246 Summary 249 Further Reading 250 Exercises 250 Simple C Examples 253 Simple functions and IO 253 More IO 257 Bigger Examples 262 Exercises 267 More Interesting Problems 270 More Types 270 More on C File Layout 273 Examples 274 Putting a program together 292 More complex examples 297 Summary 304 Exercises 304 Bibliography 307 ASCII Character Set 309 MIPS Register Conventions 313 SPIM System Calls 315 SPIM Call Stack 317 SPIM Background 320 SPIM 321 Simulation of a Virtual Machine 322 SPIM Interface 322 Surprising Features 322 Assembler Syntax 323 System Calls 325 Description of the MIPS R2000 327 CPU Registers 327 Byte Order 330 Addressing Modes 330 Arithmetic and Logical Instructions 331 Constant-Manipulating Instructions 333 Comparison Instructions 333 Branch and Jump Instructions 334 Load Instructions 336 Store Instructions 336 Data Movement Instructions 337 Floating Point Instructions 338 Exception and Trap Instructions 340 Memory Usage 341 Calling Convention 341 Input and Output 342 Index 343