Modelling Dynamics in Processes and Systems

Dynamics is what characterizes virtually all phenomenae we face in the real world, and processes that proceed in practically all kinds of inanimate and animate systems, notably social systems. For our purposes dynamics is viewed as time evolution of some characteristic features of the phenomenae or processes under consideration. It is obvious that in virtually all non-trivial problems dynamics can not be neglected, and should be taken into account in the analyses to, first, get insight into the problem consider, and second, to be able to obtain meaningful results. A convenient tool to deal with dynamics and its related evolution over time is to use the concept of a dynamic system which, for the purposes of this volume can be characterized by the input (control), state and output spaces, and a state transition equation. Then, starting from an initial state, we can find a sequence of consecutive states (outputs) under consecutive inputs (controls). That is, we obtain a trajectory. The state transition equation may be given in various forms, exemplified by differential and difference equations, linear or nonlinear, deterministic or stochastic, or even fuzzy (imprecisely specified), fully or partially known, etc. These features can give rise to various problems the analysts may encounter like numerical difficulties, instability, strange forms of behavior (e.g. chaotic), etc. This volume is concerned with some modern tools and techniques which can be useful for the modeling of dynamics. We focus our attention on two important areas which play a key role nowadays, namely automation and robotics, and biological systems. We also add some new applications which can greatly benefit from the availability of effective and efficient tools for modeling dynamics, exemplified by some applications in security systems. The year 2008 is a memorial year for Georgiy Voronoi (1868 -1908), with a number of events in the scientific community commemorating his tremendous contribution to the area of mathematics, especially number theory, through conferences and scientific gatherings in his honor. A notable event taking place in September 2008 a joint conference: the 5th Annual International Symposium on Voronoi Diagrams (ISVD) and the 4th International Conference on Analytic Number Theory and Spatial Tessellations held in Kyiv, Georgiy Voronoi's native land. The main ideas expressed by G. Voronoi's through his fundamental works have influenced and shaped the key developments in computation geometry, image recognition, artificial intelligence, robotics, computational science, navigation and obstacle avoidance, geographical information systems, molecular modeling, astrology, physics, quantum computing, chemical engineering, material sciences, terrain modeling, biometrics and other domains. This book is intended to provide the reader with in-depth overview and analysis of the fundamental methods and techniques developed following G. Voronoi ideas, in the context of the vast and increasingly growing area of computational intelligence. It represents the collection of state-of-the art research methods merging the bridges between two areas: geometric computing through Voronoi diagrams and intelligent computation techniques, pushing the limits of current knowledge in the area, improving on previous solutions, merging sciences together, and inventing new ways of approaching difficult applied problems. Some chapters of the book were invited following the successful 3rd Annual International Symposium on Voronoi Diagrams (ISVD'06), that took place in Banff, Canada, in June 2006. Some others are direct submissions by leading international experts in the prospective areas The year 2008 is a memorial year for Georgiy Vorono (1868-1908), with a number of events in the scientific community commemorating his tremendous contribution to the area of mathematics, especially number theory, through conferences and scientific gatherings in his honor. A notable event taking place in September 2008 a joint c- ference: the 5th Annual International Symposium on Voronoi Diagrams (ISVD) and the 4th International Conference on Analytic Number Theory and Spatial Tessel- tions held in Kyiv, Georgiy Vorono's native land. The main ideas expressed by G. Vorono's through his fundamental works have influenced and shaped the key dev- opments in computation geometry, image recognition, artificial intelligence, robotics, computational science, navigation and obstacle avoidance, geographical information systems, molecular modeling, astrology, physics, quantum computing, chemical en- neering, material sciences, terrain modeling, biometrics and other domains. This book is intended to provide the reader with in-depth overview and analysis of the fundamental methods and techniques developed following G. Voronoi ideas, in the context of the vast and increasingly growing area of computational intelligence. It represents the collection of state-of-the art research methods merging the bridges between two areas: geometric computing through Voronoi diagrams and intelligent computation techniques, pushing the limits of current knowledge in the area, impr- ing on previous solutions, merging sciences together, and inventing new ways of approaching difficult applied problems.

Evolvable Hardware (EHW) has emerged as a sub-domain of artificial evolution represented by a design methodology (consortium of methods) involving the application of Evolutionary Algorithms (EA) to the synthesis of digital and analogue electronic circuits and systems. Nevertheless, the most benefit for the society and indeed most revolutionizing application of EA is its hardware implementation leading to the EHW. These new EA based methodologies led to a new type of machines that is evolved to attain a desired behaviour, which means they have a behavioural computational intelligence. EHW is a special case of the adaptive hardware, namely being strongly related to the Adaptive Systems (AS) and the Adaptive Hardware (AH). The book presents a careful selection of the field that very well reflects the breadth of this high technology and its terminology and applications in context of the AS/AH. The harmonious symbiosis of the engineering approach and the accurate scientific methodology features the aspects of highly relevant and practical design principles governing the development of EHW and its connections with AS/AH. This book is both attractive and useful for everybody interested in the design and analysis of EHW in context of AS/AH and implementation of real time adaptive hardware hybrid intelligent systems.

In recent years, the issue of linkage in GEAs has garnered greater attention and recognition from researchers. Conventional approaches that rely much on ad hoc tweaking of parameters to control the search by balancing the level of exploitation and exploration are grossly inadequate. As shown in the work reported here, such parameters tweaking based approaches have their limits; they can be easily "fooled" by cases of triviality or peculiarity of the class of problems that the algorithms are designed to handle. Furthermore, these approaches are usually blind to the interactions between the decision variables, thereby disrupting the partial solutions that are being built up along the way. The whole volume consisting of 19 chapters is divided into 3 parts: Models and Theories; Operators and Frameworks; Applications. This edited volume will serve as a useful guide and reference for researchers who are currently working in the area of linkage. For postgraduate research students, this volume will serve as a good source of reference. It is also suitable as a text for a graduate level course focusing on linkage issues. For practitioners who are looking at putting into practice the concept of linkage, the few chapters on applications will serve as a useful guide Front Matter....Pages - Modeling of Chaotic Systems in the ChaoPhS Program....Pages 1-20 Model of a Tribological Sensor Contacting Rotating Disc....Pages 21-27 The Bifurcations and Chaotic Oscillations in Electric Circuits with Arc....Pages 29-42 Soft Computing Models for Intelligent Control of Non-linear Dynamical Systems....Pages 43-70 Model Reference Adaptive Control of Underwater Robot in Spatial Motion....Pages 71-83 Feedback Stabilization of Distributed Parameter Gyroscopic Systems....Pages 85-97 Stabilization Results of Second-Order Systems with Delayed Positive Feedback....Pages 99-108 A Comparison of Modeling Approaches for the Spread of Prion Diseases in the Brain....Pages 109-117 Ensemble Modeling for Bio-medical Applications....Pages 119-135 Automatic Fingerprint Identification Based on Minutiae Points....Pages 137-152 Image Filtering Using the Dynamic Particles Method....Pages 153-163 The Simulation of Cyclic Thermal Swing Adsorption (TSA) Process....Pages 165-178 The Stress Field Induced Diffusion....Pages 179-188 Back Matter....Pages - Bayesian networks currently provide one of the most rapidly growing areas of research in computer science and statistics. In compiling this volume we have brought together contributions from some of the most prestigious researchers in this field. Each of the twelve chapters is self-contained. Both theoreticians and application scientists/engineers in the broad area of artificial intelligence will find this volume valuable. It also provides a useful sourcebook for Graduate students since it shows the direction of current research. This text presents a selection of the field that reflects the breadth of this high technology and its terminology and applications in context of the AS/AH. It is useful for everybody interested in the design and analysis of EHW in context of AS/AH and implementation of real time adaptive hardware hybrid intelligent systems Bayesian networks currently provide one of the most rapidly growing areas of research in computer science and statistics. In compiling this volume the editors have brought together contributions from some of the most prestigious researchers in this field This volume features the latest research on modeling dynamics in processes and systems. It details modern tools and techniques that can be useful for the modeling of dynamics, taking a close look at automation and robotics as well as biological systems. Dawn E. Holmes, Lakhmi C. Jain (eds.). Includes Bibliographical References And Index.