Morocco: From the Empire to Independence

This new book charts the exhilarating history of a country which lies at the crossroads of two great civilizations, an exotic world with a turbulent and dramatic past. Contents......Page 8 Maps......Page 12 Preface......Page 14 Transcription of Arabic......Page 18 ONE: Moroccan Origins......Page 20 HUMAN ORIGINS......Page 22 THE GEOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO......Page 23 THE CARTHAGINIANS......Page 24 THE FIRST INDIGENOUS KINGDOMS......Page 27 ROME......Page 28 MAURITANIA TINGITANA: THE LAND WITHIN THE LIMES......Page 31 THE BAQATES......Page 32 CHRISTIANITY......Page 33 THE VANDALS AND BYZANTINES......Page 35 THE ORIGINS OF ISLAM......Page 38 THE EARLY ISLAMIC STATE......Page 40 SUNNIS, SHI’IS AND KHARIJIS......Page 42 THE ISLAMIC EXPANSION INTO NORTH AFRICA......Page 43 THE BERBERS AND ISLAM......Page 45 HETERODOXY IN NORTH AFRICA......Page 47 THE IDRISIDS......Page 49 THE FATIMID AND UMAYYAD RIVALRY......Page 53 THE ORIGINS OF THE ALMORAVIDS......Page 57 THE FOUNDATION OF THE ALMORAVID EMPIRE......Page 60 THE CONQUEST OF AL-ANDALUS......Page 63 THE ALMORAVIDS’ DOCTRINES AND CIVILISATION......Page 64 THE END OF THE ALMORAVIDS......Page 66 THE ORIGINS OF THE ALMOHADS......Page 67 TEACHING AND POLITICS AT THE BEGINNING OF IBN TUMART’S MOVEMENT......Page 68 ABD AL-MU’MIN AND THE CREATION OF AN EMPIRE......Page 69 THE INTELLECTUAL LIFE AND CULTURE OF THE ALMOHADS......Page 73 THE ALMOHAD ECONOMY......Page 76 THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ALMOHADS......Page 77 FOUR: Tribal Morocco......Page 79 THE ATTEMPT AT EMPIRE......Page 81 RELIGION AND THE MARINID STATE......Page 84 BUILDING FEZ......Page 85 THE MARINID COLLAPSE......Page 87 WATTASID MOROCCO......Page 91 WHAT THE COLLAPSE MEANT......Page 94 THE RISE OF THE SA’DIS......Page 97 SA’DI MOROCCO......Page 100 THE BATTLE OF THE THREE KINGS......Page 102 AHMAD AL-MANSUR......Page 104 THE MOROCCAN CIVIL WAR......Page 107 THE IDEOLOGY OF THE CIVIL WAR......Page 109 THE CORSAIRS......Page 112 THE ORIGINS OF THE ALAWIS......Page 116 ISMAIL......Page 117 THE ABID AL-BUKHARI......Page 118 BUILDING MEKNÈS......Page 119 CORSAIRING AND DIPLOMACY......Page 121 THE ECONOMY UNDER MAWLAY ISMAIL......Page 123 THE IDEOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF ABSOLUTISM......Page 124 JUSTIFIED REBELLION AND CIVIL WAR......Page 126 SIDI MOHAMMED III......Page 127 MAWLAY SULAYMAN......Page 131 SEVEN: Precolonial Morocco......Page 134 THE ARMY......Page 136 THE FINANCIAL CRISIS......Page 137 EUROPEAN TRADE......Page 138 MOROCCANS AND EUROPEANS......Page 141 REBELS......Page 143 THE “BIG CAIDS”......Page 145 THE INTERLUDE OF BA AHMAD......Page 146 MAWLAY ABDUL AZIZ AND THE ACT OF ALGECIRAS......Page 149 THE COLLAPSE OF THE SULTAN’S AUTHORITY......Page 150 MAWLAY ABDELHAFID......Page 152 THE RISE OF FRENCH POWER......Page 154 THE PROTECTORATE......Page 157 FRENCH COLONIAL RULE......Page 160 THE SPANISH ZONE......Page 161 THE RIF WAR......Page 163 THE FRENCH IN CONTROL......Page 166 MOHAMMED V AND THE NATIONALIST MOVEMENT......Page 169 THE SECOND WORLD WAR......Page 174 THE END OF THE PROTECTORATE......Page 177 THE CONFLICT OVER POWER......Page 182 ROYAL POWER......Page 185 THE ECONOMIC CRISIS......Page 187 THE COUPS......Page 189 THE SAHARA......Page 190 WAR IN THE SAHARA......Page 192 POPULAR PROTEST, RIOT AND THE RISE OF ISLAMISM......Page 194 SOCIAL CHANGE......Page 195 THE SAHARAN WAR CONTINUED......Page 198 MOROCCO, ISRAEL AND THE ARABS......Page 199 ADJUSTMENTS TO POLITICS AND THE ECONOMY......Page 201 Further Reading......Page 208 Notes......Page 223 Index......Page 228 "Beginning with Morocco's incorporation into the Roman Empire, this is a tale of powerful empires, fearsome pirates, a bloody struggle against colonialism and an equally hard-won independence. It charts Morocco's uneasy passage to the twenty-first century, and reflects on the nation of citizens that is finally emerging from a diverse population of Arabs, Berbers and Africans." "The story of a country at the crossroads of two continents, this history of Morocco provides a glimpse of an imperial world of which only the architectural treasures remain, and a profound insight into the economic, political and cultural influences that will shape this country's future."--BOOK JACKET