Multidetector-row computed tomography : scanning and contrast protocols

Multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) has advanced the approach to diagnostic assessment of many pathologies and now plays an integral role in imaging of both abdominal and cardiovascular diseases. The possibility to acquire diagnostic images with shorter scan duration, longer scan ranges, and/or thinner sections, MDCT has facilitated the opening of new horizons, such as interventional MDCT and functional imaging in stroke and oncology. In addition, advanced postprocessing techniques now permit high quality volumetric imaging in combination with maximum intensity projections, volume rendering, curved planar reformations and multiplanar reconstructions. This volume gathers contributions by internationally renowned specialists in the field who, through presenting their clinical experience, provide a thorough overview not only of MDCT and its practical applications, but also of workflow management in everyday clinical practice. Focussing on scanning and contrast protocols, the current advantages and disadvantages of non-enhanced vs. enhanced MDCT are discussed, along with insights into likely future developments. The volume represents an up-to-date source of technical and practically-oriented clinical information which should prove of great benefit to all who wish to improve or consolidate their knowledge and expertise in MDCT. Cover......Page 1 C ontents......Page 7 S ECTION I P rinciples and Challenges of MDCT......Page 11 Introduction......Page 12 A d v antages of MDCT......Page 14 Disadvantages of MDCT......Page 15 Detector Types......Page 16 C one Beam Interpolation......Page 17 Choosing Scan Parameters......Page 18 F uture Trends......Page 19 P a tient-Related Factors......Page 22 T echnical Factors......Page 25 P a tient-Related Factors......Page 27 C onclusions......Page 28 S ECTION II A bdominal Imaging......Page 30 Introduction......Page 31 T echnical Aspects of MDCT......Page 33 Hemangiomas......Page 35 F ocal Nodular Hyperplasia......Page 37 Liver Adenoma......Page 39 Hypervascular Metastases......Page 40 C onclusions......Page 41 References......Page 42 Alfonso Marchianò......Page 43 MDCT Parameters......Page 44 C ontrast Medium......Page 45 C onclusions......Page 48 MDCT Technique......Page 50 References......Page 53 Phases of Scanning in MDCT......Page 55 Characterization......Page 56 Multiphasic Contrast-Enhanced MDCT Imaging in the Pancreas......Page 57 C ontrast Optimization......Page 59 U se of High-Concentration Contrast Media: P ancreatic Imaging......Page 60 Optimization of Injection Technique......Page 62 3D Imaging......Page 63 C onclusions......Page 64 S ECTION III Cardiac and Vascular Imaging......Page 67 Introduction......Page 68 Early Arterial CM Dynamics......Page 70 A ccurate Scan Timing Relative to the CM T r ansit Time t CMT......Page 72 CM Concentration......Page 73 CM Administration for Slow CTA A cquisitions......Page 74 C onclusions......Page 75 References......Page 76 C oronary Calcium Screening......Page 77 C oronary CTA......Page 78 F uture Technical and Clinical P otential......Page 80 References......Page 81 C arlo Catalano, A lessandro Napoli, F r ancesco Fraioli, Mario Cavacece,......Page 83 Scanning Protocol......Page 84 Abdominal Aorta and Run-Off Arteries......Page 85 Image Reconstruction......Page 86 Abdominal Aorta and Run-Off Arteries......Page 87 T hree-Dimensional Post-processing f or CTA......Page 88 Clinical Applications Overview......Page 90 L o w-Dose Scanning......Page 91 References......Page 92 In Search of a Gold Standard......Page 93 Negative Predictive Value......Page 94 Outlook......Page 95 C onclusions......Page 96 S ECTION IV F u ture Prospects in MDCT Imaging......Page 98 Introduction......Page 99 MDCT for Planning of Interventional P r ocedures......Page 101 MDCT-Guided Minimally Invasive Interventions......Page 103 MDCT for Follow-Up of Interventional Procedures......Page 107 C onclusions......Page 108 T echnical Considerations Quantification for Contrast Enhancement......Page 111 Image Acquisition......Page 112 Oncology......Page 113 References......Page 114 Multiplanar Reformation......Page 115 Maximum Intensity Projection......Page 116 Shaded Surface Display......Page 117 C ut-Plane Selection......Page 118 Section-by-Section 2D ROI Editing......Page 119 S y stems for CT Data Analysis......Page 120 References......Page 121 Definition, Epidemiology, and Clinical F eatures......Page 123 CIN Following Intra-arterial A dministration of CM in Patients with Renal Im......Page 124 Steps for Prevention......Page 128 P a thogenesis......Page 130 References......Page 131 "Multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) has advanced the approach to diagnostic assessment of many pathologies and now plays an integral role in imaging of both abdominal and cardiovascular diseases. The possibility to acquire diagnostic images with shorter scan duration, longer scan ranges, and/or thinner sections, has facilitated the opening of new horizons, such as interventional MDCT and functional imaging in stroke and oncology. In addition, advanced postprocessing techniques now permit high quality volumetric imaging in combination with maximum intensity projections, volume rendering, curved planar reformations and multiplanar reconstructions." "This volume gathers contributions by internationally renowned specialists in the field who, through presenting their clinical experience, provide a thorough overview not only of MDCT and its practical applications, but also of workflow management in everyday clinical practice." "Focussing on scanning and contrast protocols, the current advantages and disadvantages of non-enhanced vs. enhanced MDCT are discussed, along with insights into likely future developments. The volume represents an up-to-date source of technical and practically-oriented clinical information which should prove of great benefit to all who wish to improve or consolidate their knowledge and expertise in MDCT."--Jacket Section I:Principles and challenges of MDCT / Introduction-I.1.MDCT:Technical principles and future trends-I.2.Contrast medium administration and scan timing for MDCT Section II:Abdominal imaging / Introduction-II.1.MDCT:Secondary malignancies and benign liver lesions-II.2.Primary liver malignancies-II.3.MDCT of the pancreas-II.4.Abdominal imaging:Use of high concentration contrast media Section III:Cardiac and vascular imaging / Introduction-III.1.Use of high concentration contrast media in CT angiography:Principles and rationale-III.2.Cardiac and vascular imaging:Cardiology indications-III.3.Aorta, peripheral and renal vessels-III.4.MDCT for diagnosis of pulmonary embolism: Have we reached our goal? Section IV:Future prospects in MDCT imaging / Introduction-IV.1.Interventional MDCT-IV.2.Functional CT imaging in stroke and oncology-IV.3.From acquisition to report: managing the information overload-IV.4.Recent update on contrast media safety Multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) has modified the imaging approach for the assessment of many diseases.