Multiphysics Modeling with Application to Biomedical Engineering

"The aim of this book is to introduce the simulation of various physical fields and their applications for biomedical engineering, which will provide a base for researchers in the biomedical field to conduct further investigation. The entire book is classified into three levels. It starts with the first level, which presents the single physical fields including structural analysis, fluid simulation, thermal analysis, and acoustic modeling. Then, the second level consists of various couplings between two physical fields covering structural thermal coupling, porous media, fluid structural interaction (FSI), and acoustic FSI. The third level focuses on multi-coupling that coupling with more than two physical fields in the model. Each part in all levels is organized as the physical feature, finite element implementation, modeling procedure in ANSYS, and the specific applications for biomedical engineering like the FSI study of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA), acoustic wave transmission in the ear, and heat generation of the breast tumor. The book should help for the researchers and graduate students conduct numerical simulation of various biomedical coupling problems. It should also provide all readers with a better understanding of various couplings"-- Provided by publisher The aim of this book is to introduce the simulation of various physical fields and their applications for biomedical engineering, which will provide a base for researchers in the biomedical field to conduct further investigation. Cover 1 Half Title 2 Title Page 4 Copyright Page 5 Table of Contents 6 Preface 12 Author 14 Chapter 1: Introduction 16 SECTION I: Single Physics Phases 20 Chapter 2: Structural Analysis 22 2.1 General Characteristic of Solid State 22 2.2 Governing Equation of Solid and Finite Element Implementation 22 2.2.1 Lagrangian Description 22 2.2.2 Constitutive Equation 23 2.2.3 Governing Equations and Boundary Conditions for Structural Analysis 23 2.2.4 Finite Element Implementation 24 2.3 Finite Element Procedure of Structural Analysis in ANSYS 27 2.4 Deformation of Intervertebral Disc under Compression 28 2.4.1 Finite Element Model 28 2.4.2 Material Properties 29 2.4.3 Boundary Conditions and Loadings 29 2.4.4 Solution Setting 30 2.4.5 Results 30 2.4.6 Discussion 32 2.4.7 Summary 32 References 33 Chapter 3: Fluid Analysis 34 3.1 Nature of Fluids 34 3.2 Governing Equations of Fluids and Their Numerical Simulation 34 3.2.1 Eulerian Description 34 3.2.2 Governing Equations 36 3.3 Modeling Procedure in ANSYS Fluent 37 3.4 Study of Blood Flow through a Stenotic Artery by CFD 37 3.4.1 Finite Element Model 37 3.4.2 Results 39 3.4.3 Summary 42 References 42 Chapter 4: Acoustic Analysis 44 4.1 Sound Waves 44 4.2 Governing Equation and Finite Element Implementation 44 4.3 Finite Element Procedure in ANSYS 47 4.4 Acoustic Analysis of a Body under a Blast in an Open Area 47 4.4.1 Finite Element Model 48 4.4.2 Material Properties 48 4.4.3 Loadings and Boundary Conditions 48 4.4.4 Solution Setting 49 4.4.5 Results 49 4.4.6 Discussion 49 4.4.7 Summary 51 References 51 Chapter 5: Thermal Analysis 54 5.1 Modes of Heat Transfer 54 5.2 Governing Equations and Finite Element Implementation 54 5.3 Finite Element Procedure of Heat Transfer in ANSYS 58 5.4 Thermal Analysis of Breast Tumors 58 5.4.1 Bio-Heat Equation 59 5.4.2 Finite Element Model 59 5.4.3 Material Properties 59 5.4.4 Boundary Conditions 61 5.4.5 Solution Setting 61 5.4.6 Results 61 5.4.7 Summary 62 References 62 SECTION II: Coupling Between Two Physics Phases 64 Chapter 6: Introduction of Coupling Problems 66 References 68 Chapter 7: Fluid-Structure Interaction 70 7.1 FSI in ANSYS 70 7.1.1 Two-Way FSI Coupling in ANSYS 70 7.1.2 One-Way FSI Coupling in ANSYS 70 7.2 Study of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm by Two-Way FSI 72 7.2.1 System Coupling Implementation 73 7.2.1.1 Structural Analysis 74 7.2.1.2 CFD Fluent Analysis 75 7.2.1.3 System Coupling 77 7.2.2 Results 77 7.2.3 Discussion 79 7.2.4 Summary 83 7.3 Study of AAA by One-Way Coupling 83 7.3.1 One-Way Coupling Implementation 83 7.3.1.1 CFD Fluent Analysis 83 7.3.1.2 Static Structural Analysis 84 7.3.2 Results 84 7.3.3 Discussion 85 7.3.4 Summary 87 References 87 Chapter 8: Modeling of Porous Media 90 8.1 Governing Equations for Porous Media 90 8.2 Finite Element Procedure of Porous Media in ANSYS 92 8.3 Finite Element Analysis of Biological Tissue in the Confined Compression Test 93 8.3.1 Finite Element Model 93 8.3.2 Material Properties 94 8.3.3 Boundary Conditions and Loadings 94 8.3.4 Solution Setting 95 8.3.5 Results 95 8.3.6 Discussion 97 8.3.7 Summary 97 References 97 Chapter 9: Acoustic-Structural Coupling 100 9.1 Finite Element Matrix of Acoustic-Structural Coupling 100 9.2 Finite Element Procedure of Acoustic FSI in ANSYS 102 9.3 Finite Element Analysis of Blast Wave Transmission through Human Ear 103 9.3.1 Finite Element Model 103 9.3.2 Material Properties 104 9.3.3 Loadings and Boundary Conditions 104 9.3.4 Solution Setting 105 9.3.5 Results 106 9.3.6 Discussion 110 9.3.7 Summary 110 References 111 Chapter 10: Thermal-Structural Coupling 114 10.1 Thermal-Stress Coupling 114 10.2 Finite Element Procedure of Thermal-Structural Analysis in ANSYS 115 10.3 Simulation of Heating Generation of Biological Tissues under Cyclic Loading 116 10.3.1 Finite Element Model 116 10.3.2 Material Properties 117 10.3.3 Boundary Conditions and Loadings 118 10.3.4 Solution Setting 118 10.3.5 Results 118 10.3.6 Discussion 120 10.3.7 Summary 121 References 121 SECTION III: Coupling among More Than Two Physics Phases 122 Chapter 11: Thermal Analysis of Porous Media 124 11.1 Governing Equations for Heat Transfer in Porous Media 124 11.2 Finite Element Procedure for CPT Thermal Model 127 11.3 Application of CPT Thermal Elements for Study of Arterial Tissue Fusion 127 11.3.1 Finite Element Model 128 11.3.2 Material Properties 129 11.3.3 Boundary and Loadings 129 11.3.4 Solution Setting 131 11.3.5 Results 131 11.3.6 Discussion 134 11.3.7 Summary 135 References 135 Chapter 12: A CFD-FEA Coupling Study of Blood Flow in the Abnormal Cardiovascular System 136 12.1 Double Couplings 136 12.2 Blood Flow in the Blood Vessel 138 12.3 Coupled Acoustic Analysis of Blood Vessel and Tissues 139 12.3.1 Finite Element Model 139 12.3.2 Material Properties 139 12.3.3 Boundary Conditions and Loadings 139 12.3.4 Solution Setting 139 12.3.5 Results 139 12.4 Summary 141 References 141 SECTION IV: Retrospective 142 Chapter 13: Retrospective 144 Appendix 1 146 Appendix 2 150 Appendix 3 152 Appendix 4 156 Appendix 5 158 Appendix 6 160 Appendix 7 162 Appendix 8 164 Appendix 9 168 Index 172 Clinical,studies;,acoustic,pressure;,commercial,software;,ANSYS;,structural,analysis;,solid,state;,fluid,analysis;,modeling,procedure;,acoustic,analysis;,thermal,analysis;,temperature,difference;,coupling,problems;,thermal,problem;,solid,phase;,fluid-structure,interaction;,FSI,coupling;,porous,media;,thermal-structural,coupling;,thermo-elastic,constitutive;,stress-strain,relation;,acoustic-structural,coupling Clinical studies,acoustic pressure,commercial software,ANSYS,structural analysis,solid state,fluid analysis,modeling procedure,acoustic analysis,thermal analysis,temperature difference,coupling problems,thermal problem,solid phase,fluid-structure interaction,FSI coupling,porous media,thermal-structural coupling,thermo-elastic constitutive,stress-strain relation,acoustic-structural coupling