Musculoskeletal Research and Basic Science

Strong roots in basic science and research enhance clinical practice. This book is a rich source of information for basic scientists and translational researchers who focus on musculoskeletal tissues and for orthopedic and trauma surgeons seeking relevant up-to-date information on molecular biology and the mechanics of musculoskeletal tissue repair and regeneration. The book opens by discussing biomaterials and biomechanics, with detailed attention to the biologic response to implants and biomaterials and to the surface modification of implants, an important emerging research field. Finite element analysis, mechanical testing standards and gait analysis are covered. All these chapters are strongly connected to clinical applications. After a section on imaging techniques, musculoskeletal tissues and their functions are addressed, the coverage including, for example, stem cells, molecules important for growth and repair, regeneration of cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and peripheral nerves, and the genetic basis of orthopedic diseases. State-of-the-art applications such as platellet rich plasma were included. Imaging is a daily practice of scientists and medical doctors. Recent advancements in ultrasonography, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance, bone mineral density measurements using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and scintigraphy was covered following conventional radiography basics. Further extensive sections are devoted to pathology, oncogenesis and tumors, and pharmacology. Structure is always related with function. Surgical anatomy was therefore covered extensively in the last section. Front Matter....Pages i-xiv Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Biological Response to Orthopedic Implants and Biomaterials....Pages 3-14 Fundamentals of Musculoskeletal Biomechanics....Pages 15-36 Applying Biomechanics in Orthopedics....Pages 37-49 Finite Element Analysis....Pages 51-59 Mechanical Testing Standards of Orthopedic Implants....Pages 61-91 Fundamentals of Quantitative Gait Analysis....Pages 93-106 Front Matter....Pages 107-107 The Radiographic Evaluation of the Musculoskeletal System and Spine....Pages 109-138 Ultrasonography in Musculoskeletal and Soft Tissue Lesions....Pages 139-154 Infant Hip Ultrasound....Pages 155-164 Computerized Tomography in the Evaluation of Musculoskeletal System....Pages 165-182 The Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of Musculoskeletal System....Pages 183-195 Bone Mineral Densitometry: Measurement and Evaluation Methods....Pages 197-212 Nuclear Medicine Techniques in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System....Pages 213-255 Front Matter....Pages 257-257 Genetic Basis of Orthopedic Diseases....Pages 259-267 Stem Cell Therapy and Orthopedics....Pages 269-281 Platelet-Rich Plasma....Pages 283-288 Development of the Musculoskeletal System....Pages 289-302 Bone....Pages 303-321 Fracture Healing....Pages 323-341 Gene-Based Approaches to Bone Regeneration....Pages 343-356 Front Matter....Pages 257-257 Growth Plate....Pages 357-366 Joint Cartilage....Pages 367-386 Current Strategies in Osteochondral Repair with Biomaterial Scaffold....Pages 387-403 The Structure, Function, and Healing of the Meniscus....Pages 405-427 A Fibroelastic Cartilage: Meniscus....Pages 429-441 Skeletal Muscle; Structure, Function, and Repair....Pages 443-451 Peripheral Nerve....Pages 453-464 Tendons and Ligaments....Pages 465-482 Spinal Cord and Intervertebral Disc....Pages 483-498 Front Matter....Pages 499-499 Bone and Joint Infections....Pages 501-515 Rheumatoid Arthritis....Pages 517-544 Osteonecrosis and Metabolic Bone Disorders....Pages 545-568 Osteoporosis....Pages 569-578 Front Matter....Pages 579-579 Oncogenesis....Pages 581-602 Bone Tumors....Pages 603-629 Soft Tissue Tumors....Pages 631-638 Front Matter....Pages 639-639 Pain Pathways and Analgesics....Pages 641-650 Antibiotics....Pages 651-663 Chondroprotective Agents....Pages 665-669 Venous Thromboembolism....Pages 671-682 Front Matter....Pages 639-639 Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and Corticosteroids....Pages 683-693 Antiresorptives....Pages 695-705 Front Matter....Pages 707-707 Upper Extremities....Pages 709-714 Lower Extremity....Pages 715-724 The Surgical Anatomy of the Lower Limb....Pages 725-733 Functional Anatomy of the Hip Joint....Pages 735-739 Posterior Approach to the Spine and Intervertebral Foramen: Anatomical Basis....Pages 741-753 The Spine....Pages 755-765 Back Matter....Pages 767-788