Nonlocality in Quantum Physics

The nonlocality phenomena exhibited by entangled quantum systems are certainly one of the most extraordinary aspects of quantum theory. This book discusses this phe­ nomenon according to several points of view, i.e., according to different interpretations of the mathematics of the quantum formalism. The several interpretations of the Copenhagen interpretation, the many worlds, the de Broglie-Bohm, quantum logics, the decohering by the environment approach and the histories approach interpretations are scrutinized and criticized in detail. Recent results on cryptography, quantum bit commitment, quantum erasers and teleportation are also presented and discussed. In preparing the book we benefited from discussions with many people, but we would like, in particular, to express our gratitude to Professor B. d'Espagnat for his useful comments and suggestions. We are grateful also to Ms. L. Gentry EI-Dash for the English revision, to Dr. 1. E. Maiorino for the production of the figures and a careful reading of the manuscript, and for the statI of Plenum for advice and for having produced a nice book. Finally, the authors thank FAPESP (contract no. I 99612657-0) for a grant making this book possible. A. A. ORIB AND W. A. RODRIGUES, JR. The Nonlocality Phenomena Exhibited By Entangled Quantum Systems Are Certainly One Of The Most Extraordinary Aspects Of Quantum Theory. This Book Discusses This Phenomenon According To Several Points Of View, I.e., According To Different Interpretations Of The Mathematics Of The Quantum Formalism. The Several Interpretations Of The Copenhagen Interpretation, The Many Worlds, The De Broglie-bohm, Quantum Logics, The Decohering By The Environment Approach And The Histories Approach Interpretations Are Scrutinized And Criticized In Detail. Recent Results On Cryptography, Quantum Bit Commitment, Quantum Erasers And Teleportation Are Also Presented And Discussed. By Andrey Anatoljevich Grib, Waldyr Alves Rodrigues. Front Matter....Pages i-x Introduction....Pages 1-5 Fundamentals....Pages 7-28 How Ψ Collapses....Pages 29-33 Bell’s Inequalities....Pages 35-42 Copenhagen Interpretation....Pages 43-57 Many Worlds Interpretation(MWI)....Pages 59-65 Quantum Logic (QL)....Pages 67-81 Macroscopic Realizations of QL....Pages 83-96 Hidden Variables Theories (HVT)....Pages 97-114 De Broglie-Bohm Non Relativistic HVT....Pages 115-122 De Broglie-Bohm Relativistic HVT....Pages 123-131 Statistical Interpretation....Pages 133-141 Non-Unitary Evolution?....Pages 143-149 Histories Approach....Pages 151-157 Quantum Miracles and Cryptography....Pages 159-180 Where Are We Now?....Pages 181-185 Back Matter....Pages 187-225