Nutrition support

The study and practice of nutrition support has been evolving for centuries. The last 50 years has brought this practice in nutrition therapy to a very important place in medicine. As treatments have become more sophisticated in fighting disease and saving lives, the role of nutrition support has become recognized as vital to patient care. The most current evidence based practice in the field and using the nutrition care process are implemented to provide the best nutrition care to those in need. Selecting patients whom most benefit from nutrition intervention is an important responsibility of the healthcare team, which includes identification of malnutrition. This area of practice demands an understanding of indications for the route of nutrition support, knowledge of access devices, and components of ordering and monitoring nutrition support regimes. Enteral nutrition has become the most utilized form of nutrition support, while parenteral nutrition remains a life sustaining measure for those with loss of gastrointestinal function. The variety of enteral formulas available is vast, and understanding indications and use is an ongoing challenge. Several ethical issues surrounding nutrition support, with end of life situations being a common dilemma. Application of evidence based practice in certain disease states and conditions demands literature review, collaboration, and implementation of identified best practices. There are abundant opportunities of topics to research and shape future direction of nutrition support. Read more... Abstract: The study and practice of nutrition support has been evolving for centuries. The last 50 years has brought this practice in nutrition therapy to a very important place in medicine. As treatments have become more sophisticated in fighting disease and saving lives, the role of nutrition support has become recognized as vital to patient care. The most current evidence based practice in the field and using the nutrition care process are implemented to provide the best nutrition care to those in need. Selecting patients whom most benefit from nutrition intervention is an important responsibility of the healthcare team, which includes identification of malnutrition. This area of practice demands an understanding of indications for the route of nutrition support, knowledge of access devices, and components of ordering and monitoring nutrition support regimes. Enteral nutrition has become the most utilized form of nutrition support, while parenteral nutrition remains a life sustaining measure for those with loss of gastrointestinal function. The variety of enteral formulas available is vast, and understanding indications and use is an ongoing challenge. Several ethical issues surrounding nutrition support, with end of life situations being a common dilemma. Application of evidence based practice in certain disease states and conditions demands literature review, collaboration, and implementation of identified best practices. There are abundant opportunities of topics to research and shape future direction of nutrition support Content: 1. Introduction to nutrition support -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Indications for nutrition support -- 1.3 Route of nutrition support -- 1.4 Estimated nutrition needs of nutrition support patients -- 1.5 The nutrition care process and nutrition support -- 1.6 Summary -- References. 2. Enteral nutrition -- 2.1 Access devices -- 2.2 Enteral feeding equipment -- 2.3 Open and closed systems -- 2.4 Initiation and delivery schedules -- 2.5 Formula selection for enteral nutrition -- 2.6 Enteral formulary -- 2.7 Calculations for enteral nutrition -- 2.8 Monitoring and evaluation -- 2.9 Summary -- References. 3. Parenteral nutrition -- 3.1 Access devices -- 3.2 Parenteral nutrition solutions -- 3.3 Parenteral nutrition calculations -- 3.4 Compounding -- 3.5 Premixed parenteral nutrition versus custom solutions -- 3.6 Additional considerations for parenteral nutrition composition: glutamine and carnitine -- 3.7 Medications -- 3.8 Initiation of PN -- 3.9 Schedules and administration -- 3.10 Monitoring and evaluation -- 3.11 Summary -- References. 4. Nutrition support in disease states and conditions -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Liver disease -- 4.3 Gastrointestinal disease -- 4.4 Critical care -- 4.5 Nutrition support in wounds -- 4.6 Renal disease -- 4.7 Diabetes mellitus -- 4.8 Oncology -- 4.9 Obesity -- 4.10 Summary -- References. 5. Special considerations in nutrition support -- 5.1 Transitional feeding -- 5.2 Ethical issues in nutrition support -- 5.3 Home care -- 5.4 Future directions of nutrition support -- References -- Index.