Nutritional Oncology, Second Edition

Nutritional oncology is an increasingly active interdisciplinary field where cancer is investigated as both a systemic and local disease originating with the changes in the genome and progressing through a multi-step process which may be influenced at many points in its natural history by nutritional factors that could impact the prevention of cancer, the quality of life of cancer patients, and the risk of cancer recurrence in the rapidly increasing population of cancer survivors. Since the first edition of this book was published in 1999, the idea that there is a single gene pathway or single drug will provide a cure for cancer has given way to the general view that dietary/environmental factors impact the progression of genetic and cellular changes in common forms of cancer. This broad concept can now be investigated within a basic and clinical research context for specific types of cancer. This book attempts to cover the current available knowledge in this new field of nutritional oncology written by invited experts. This book attempts to provide not only the theoretical and research basis for nutritional oncology, but will offer the medical oncologist and other members of multidisciplinary groups treating cancer patients practical information on nutrition assessment and nutritional regimens, including micronutrient and phytochemical supplementation. The editors hope that this volume will stimulate increased research, education and patient application of the principles of nutritional oncology. NEW TO THIS EDITION: * Covers hot new topics of nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics in cancer cell growth * Includes new chapters on metabolic networks in cancer cell growth, nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics * Presents substantially revised chapters on breast cancer and nutrition, prostate cancer and nutrition, and colon cancer and nutrition * Includes new illustrations throughout the text, especially in the breast cancer chapter * Includes integrated insights into the unanswered questions and clearly defined objectives of research in nutritional oncology * Offers practical guidelines for clinicians advising malnourished cancer patients and cancer survivors on diet, nutrition, and lifestyle * Provides information on the role of bioactive substances, dietary supplements, phytochemicals and botanicals in cancer prevention and treatment Introduction : the principles of nutritional oncology / David Heber, George Blackburn, Vay Liang W. Go and John Milner -- I. Biology of nutrition and cancer -- 1. Fundamentals of human nutrition / David Heber and Susan Bowerman -- 2. Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics / John Milner -- 3. Genetics and epigenetics in caner biology / Anna Velcich, Lidija Klampfer, John Mariadason, Helena Smartt, Sandra Guilmeau, Sandra Maier, Wancai Yang, Judith Christman, Barbara Heerdt and Leonard Augenlicht -- 4. Metabolic networks in cancer cells / Laszlo G. Boros and Wai-Nang Paul Lee -- 5. Energy balance and cancer / Stephen D. Hursting, Connie J. Rogers, Somdat Mahabir, Nomeli P. Nunez, J. Carl Barrett, Susan N. Perkins and Michele R. Forman -- II. Epidemiology of nutrition and cancer -- 6. Nutritional epidemiology / Marjorie McCullough and Edward Glovannucci -- 7. Fruit and vegetable consumption and cancer / Stephanie A. Smith-Warner, Jeanine Genkinger and Edward Giovannucci -- 8. Are whole grains protective against a variety of cancers? / David M. Klurfeld -- 9. Obesity and cancer risk / Catherine L. Carpenter and Leslie Bernstein -- 10. Nutrition and tobacco-related cancers / Karam El-Bayoumy, Joshua E. Muscat and Dietrich Hoffmann -- 11. Alcohol and cancer / Elisa V. Bandera and Lawrence H. Kushi -- 12. Environmental toxins, nutrition, and cancer / Ramune Reliene and Robert H. Schiestl -- III. Biological approaches to investigating nutrition and cancer -- 13. Endocrine and paracrine factors in carcinogenesis / David Heber and Pinchas Cohen -- 14. Oxidation and antioxidation in cancer / Paul Davis, David Heber and Lester Packer -- 15. Thiols in cancer / Jason M. Hansen and Dean P. Jones -- 16. Principles of tumor immunology / Benjamin Bonavida -- 17. Animal models in nutritional oncology research / Jin-Rong Zhou -- IV. Gene-nutrient interaction and cancer prevention -- 18. The challenge of nutrition in cancer prevention / Peter Greenwald and John Milner -- 19. Dietary assessment / Catherine L. Carpenter -- 20. Prostate cancer / Howard Parnes, Ashraful Hoque, Demetrius Albanes, Philip Taylor and Scott Lippman -- 21. Breast cancer / David Heber and George Blackburn -- 22. Skin cancer / Homer S. Black -- 23. Colon cancer / Leo Treyzon, Gordon Ohning and David Heber -- 24. Gastric cancer / Nai-Chieh Yuko You and Zuo-Feng Zhang -- 25. Pancreatic cancer / Diane M. Harris, Manish C. Champaneria and Vay Liang W. Go -- 26. Bladder cancer / Allan J. Pantuck, Ron Lieberman, Kelly Kawaoka, Oleg Shvarts and Donald Lamm -- 27. Differentiation induction in leukemia and lymphoma / Sven De Vos and H. Phillip Koeffler -- V. Bioactive food components and botanical approaches to cancer -- 28. Dietary supplements in cancer prevention and therapy / Mary Frances Picciano, Barbara E. Cohen and Paul R. Thomas -- 29. Dietary fiber and carbohydrates / Maria Elena Martinez and Elizabeth T. Jacobs -- 30. Dietary lipids / Huseyin Aktas, Michael Chorev and J.A. Halperin -- 31. Calcium and vitamin D / Joellen Welsh -- 32. Say isoflavones / Stephen Barnes, Jeevan Prasain, Tracy D'Alessandro, Chao-Cheng Wang, Huang-Ge Zhang and Helen Kim -- 33. Selenium and cancer prevention / Clement Ip, James Marshall, Young-Mee Park, Haitao Zhang, Yan Dong, Yue Wu and Allen C. Gao -- 34. Glucosinolates / Radha M. Bheemreddy and Elizabeth H. Jeffery -- 35. Green tea / Janelle M. Landau, Joshua D. Lambert and Chung S. Yang -- 36. Garlic / John Milner -- 37. Berries / Navindra P. Seeram -- 38. Isoprenoids and novel inhibitors of mevalonate pathway activities / Huanbiao Mo and Charles E. Elson -- VI. Nutritional assessment and support of the cancer patient -- 39. Cancer anorexia and cachexia / David Heber and N. Simon Tchekmedyian -- 40. Weight management in the breast cancer survivor / Anne McTiernan -- 41. Nutrition support of the adult cancer patient / Heidi J. Silver, Eve Callahan and Gordon L. Jensen -- 42. Assessing endocrine effects of cancer and ectopic hormone syndromes / David Heber -- 43. Counseling the cancer survivor / Linda A. Jacobs and Ellen Giarelli -- 44. Nutritional support and quality of life / N. Simon Tchekmedyian, David Cella and David Heber -- VII. Nutritional implementation guidelines and practice -- 45. Modern statistical methods in clinical nutrition / Robert M. Elashoff -- 46. Evidence-based practice management in cancer prevention and treatment / George L. Blackburn -- 47. Dietary guidelines in cancer prevention / Johanna Dwyer -- 48. Dietary interventions / Lalita Khaodhiar and George L. Blackburn -- 49. Future directions in cancer and nutrition research : gene-nutrient interactions, networks, and the xenobiotic hypothesis / David Heber, John Milner, George Blackburn and Vay Liang W. Go. Fundamentals of human nutrition. Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics. Genetics and epigenetics in cancer biology. Metabolic networks in cancer cells. Energy balance and cancer. Nutritional epidemiology. Fruit and vegetable consumption and cancer. Are whole grains protective against a variety of cancers? Obesity and cancer risk. Nutrition and tobacco-related cancers. Alcohol and cancer. Environmental toxins, nutrition, and cancer. Endocrine and parcrine factors in carcinogenesis. Oxidation and antioxidation in cancer. Thiols in cancer. Principles of tumor immunology. Animal models in nutritional oncology research. The challenge of nutrition in cancer prevention. Dietary assessment. Prostate cancer. Breast cancer. Skin cancer. Colon cancer. Gastric cancer. Pancreatic cancer. Bladder cancer. Differentiation induction in leukemia and lymphoma. Dietary supplements in cancer prevention and therapy. Dietary fiber and carbohydrates. Dietary lipids. Calcium and vitamin D. Soy isoflavones. Selenium and cancer prevention. Glucosinolates. Green tea. Garlic. Berries. Isoprenoids and novel inhibitors of mevalonate pathway activities. Cancer anorexia and cachexia. Weight management in the breast cancer survivor. Nutrition support of the adult cancer patient. Assessing endocrine effects of cancer and ectopic hormone syndromes. Counseling the cancer survivor. Nutritional support and quality of life. Modern statistical methods in clinical nutrition. Evidence-based practice management in cancer prevention and treatment. Dietary guidelines in cancer prevention. Dietary interventions. Future directions in cancer and nutrition research: gene-nutrient interactions, networks, and the xenobiotic hypothesis. The field of nutritional oncology aims to modify the environmental factors influencing the genetic changes and their expression at every stage of carcinogenesis, from the initiation of the cancer cell to its metastatic spread to other areas of the body. This text considers the biology of nutrition, evidence from the nutritional epidemiology of cancer, biological approaches to investigating cancer, gene-nutrient interaction, bioactive food components, the nutritional assessment and support of the cancer patient, and the problem of implementing nutrition in guidelines and clinical practice.