Operating System Concepts

The ninth edition of Operating System Concepts continues to evolve to provide a solid theoretical foundation for understanding operating systems. This edition has been updated with more extensive coverage of the most current topics and applications, improved conceptual coverage and additional content to bridge the gap between concepts and actual implementations. A new design allows for easier navigation and enhances reader motivation. Additional end-of-chapter, exercises, review questions, and programming exercises help to further reinforce important concepts. WileyPLUS, including a test bank, self-check exercises, and a student solutions manual, is also part of the comprehensive support package. Cover 1 Title Page 5 Copyright Page 6 Preface 9 Contents 19 PART ONE OVERVIEW 25 Chapter 1 Introduction 27 1.1 What Operating Systems Do 28 1.2 Computer-System Organization 31 1.3 Computer-System Architecture 36 1.4 Operating-System Structure 43 1.5 Operating-System Operations 45 1.6 Process Management 48 1.7 Memory Management 49 1.8 Storage Management 50 1.9 Protection and Security 54 1.10 Kernel Data Structures 55 1.11 Computing Environments 59 1.12 Open-Source Operating Systems 67 1.13 Summary 71 Practice Exercises 73 Bibliographical Notes 76 Bibliography 77 Chapter 2 Operating-System Structures 79 2.1 Operating-System Services 79 2.2 User and Operating-System Interface 82 2.3 System Calls 86 2.4 Types of System Calls 90 2.5 System Programs 98 2.6 Operating-System Design and Implementation 99 2.7 Operating-System Structure 102 2.8 Operating-System Debugging 110 2.9 Operating-System Generation 115 2.10 System Boot 116 2.11 Summary 117 Practice Exercises 118 Bibliographical Notes 125 Bibliography 126 PART TWO PROCESS MANAGEMENT 127 Chapter 3 Processes 129 3.1 Process Concept 129 3.2 Process Scheduling 134 3.3 Operations on Processes 139 3.4 Interprocess Communication 146 3.5 Examples of IPC Systems 154 3.6 Communication in Client鈥揝erver Systems 160 3.7 Summary 171 Practice Exercises 173 Bibliographical Notes 185 Bibliography 186 Chapter 4 Threads 187 4.1 Overview 187 4.2 Multicore Programming 190 4.3 Multithreading Models 193 4.4 Thread Libraries 195 4.5 Implicit Threading 201 4.6 Threading Issues 207 4.7 Operating-System Examples 212 4.8 Summary 215 Practice Exercises 215 Bibliographical Notes 223 Bibliography 224 Chapter 5 Process Synchronization 227 5.1 Background 227 5.2 The Critical-Section Problem 230 5.3 Peterson鈥檚 Solution 231 5.4 Synchronization Hardware 233 5.5 Mutex Locks 236 5.6 Semaphores 237 5.7 Classic Problems of Synchronization 243 5.8 Monitors 247 5.9 Synchronization Examples 256 5.10 Alternative Approaches 262 5.11 Summary 266 Practice Exercises 266 Bibliographical Notes 282 Bibliography 282 Chapter 6 CPU Scheduling 285 6.1 Basic Concepts 285 6.2 Scheduling Criteria 289 6.3 Scheduling Algorithms 290 6.4 Thread Scheduling 301 6.5 Multiple-Processor Scheduling 302 6.6 Real-Time CPU Scheduling 307 6.7 Operating-System Examples 314 6.8 Algorithm Evaluation 324 6.9 Summary 328 Practice Exercises 329 Bibliographical Notes 335 Bibliography 336 Chapter 7 Deadlocks 339 7.1 System Model 339 7.2 Deadlock Characterization 341 7.3 Methods for Handling Deadlocks 346 7.4 Deadlock Prevention 347 7.5 Deadlock Avoidance 351 7.6 Deadlock Detection 357 7.7 Recovery from Deadlock 361 7.8 Summary 363 Practice Exercises 363 Bibliography 370 PART THREE MEMORY MANAGEMENT 373 Chapter 8 Main Memory 375 8.1 Background 375 8.2 Swapping 382 8.3 Contiguous Memory Allocation 384 8.4 Segmentation 388 8.5 Paging 390 8.6 Structure of the Page Table 402 8.7 Example: Intel 32 and 64-bit Architectures 407 8.8 Example: ARM Architecture 412 8.9 Summary 413 Practice Exercises 414 Bibliographical Notes 418 Bibliography 418 Chapter 9 Virtual Memory 421 9.1 Background 421 9.2 Demand Paging 425 9.3 Copy-on-Write 432 9.4 Page Replacement 433 9.5 Allocation of Frames 445 9.6 Thrashing 449 9.7 Memory-Mapped Files 454 9.8 Allocating Kernel Memory 460 9.9 Other Considerations 463 9.10 Operating-System Examples 469 9.11 Summary 472 Practice Exercises 473 Bibliographical Notes 485 Bibliography 486 PART FOUR STORAGE MANAGEMENT 489 Chapter 10 Mass-Storage Structure 491 10.1 Overview of Mass-Storage Structure 491 10.2 Disk Structure 494 10.3 Disk Attachment 495 10.4 Disk Scheduling 496 10.5 Disk Management 502 10.6 Swap-Space Management 506 10.7 RAID Structure 508 10.8 Stable-Storage Implementation 518 10.9 Summary 520 Practice Exercises 521 Bibliographical Notes 525 Bibliography 526 Chapter 11 File-System Interface 527 11.1 File Concept 527 11.2 Access Methods 537 11.3 Directory and Disk Structure 539 11.4 File-System Mounting 550 11.5 File Sharing 552 11.6 Protection 557 11.7 Summary 562 Practice Exercises 563 Bibliographical Notes 565 Bibliography 565 Chapter 12 File-System Implementation 567 12.1 File-System Structure 567 12.2 File-System Implementation 570 12.3 Directory Implementation 576 12.4 Allocation Methods 577 12.5 Free-Space Management 585 12.6 Efficiency and Performance 588 12.7 Recovery 592 12.8 NFS 595 12.9 Example: The WAFL File System 601 12.10 Summary 604 Practice Exercises 605 Bibliographical Notes 609 Bibliography 609 Chapter 13 I/O Systems 611 13.1 Overview 611 13.2 I/O Hardware 612 13.3 Application I/O Interface 621 13.4 Kernel I/O Subsystem 628 13.5 Transforming I/O Requests to Hardware Operations 635 13.6 STREAMS 637 13.7 Performance 639 13.8 Summary 642 Practice Exercises 643 Bibliographical Notes 645 Bibliography 645 PART FIVE PROTECTION AND SECURITY 647 Chapter 14 Protection 649 14.1 Goals of Protection 649 14.2 Principles of Protection 650 14.3 Domain of Protection 651 14.4 Access Matrix 656 14.5 Implementation of the Access Matrix 660 14.6 Access Control 663 14.7 Revocation of Access Rights 664 14.8 Capability-Based Systems 665 14.9 Language-Based Protection 668 14.10 Summary 673 Practice Exercises 674 Bibliographical Notes 676 Bibliography 677 Chapter 15 Security 681 15.1 The Security Problem 681 15.2 Program Threats 685 15.3 System and Network Threats 693 15.4 Cryptography as a Security Tool 698 15.5 User Authentication 709 15.6 Implementing Security Defenses 713 15.7 Firewalling to Protect Systems and Networks 720 15.8 Computer-Security Classifications 722 15.9 An Example: Windows 7 723 15.10 Summary 725 Exercises 726 Bibliographical Notes 728 Bibliography 729 PART SIX ADVANCED TOPICS 733 Chapter 16 Virtual Machines 735 16.1 Overview 735 16.2 History 737 16.3 Benefits and Features 738 16.4 Building Blocks 741 16.5 Types of Virtual Machines and Their Implementations 745 16.6 Virtualization and Operating-System Components 752 16.7 Examples 759 16.8 Summary 761 Exercises 762 Bibliographical Notes 763 Bibliography 763 Chapter 17 Distributed Systems 765 17.1 Advantages of Distributed Systems 765 17.2 Types of Network-based Operating Systems 767 17.3 Network Structure 771 17.4 Communication Structure 775 17.5 Communication Protocols 780 17.6 An Example: TCP/IP 784 17.7 Robustness 786 17.8 Design Issues 788 17.9 Distributed File Systems 789 17.10 Summary 797 Practice Exercises 798 Bibliographical Notes 801 Bibliography 801 PART SEVEN CASE STUDIES 803 Chapter 18 The Linux System 805 18.1 Linux History 805 18.2 Design Principles 810 18.3 Kernel Modules 813 18.4 Process Management 816 18.5 Scheduling 819 18.6 Memory Management 824 18.7 File Systems 833 18.8 Input and Output 839 18.9 Interprocess Communication 842 18.10 Network Structure 843 18.11 Security 845 18.12 Summary 848 Practice Exercises 848 Bibliographical Notes 850 Bibliography 851 Chapter 19 Windows 7 853 19.1 History 853 19.2 Design Principles 855 19.3 System Components 862 19.4 Terminal Services and Fast User Switching 886 19.5 File System 887 19.6 Networking 893 19.7 Programmer Interface 898 19.8 Summary 907 Practice Exercises 907 Bibliographical Notes 909 Bibliography 909 Chapter 20 Influential Operating Systems 911 20.1 Feature Migration 911 20.2 Early Systems 912 20.3 Atlas 919 20.4 XDS-940 920 20.5 THE 921 20.6 RC 4000 921 20.7 CTSS 922 20.8 MULTICS 923 20.9 IBM OS/360 923 20.10 TOPS-20 925 20.11 CP/M and MS/DOS 925 20.12 Macintosh Operating System and Windows 926 20.13 Mach 926 20.14 Other Systems 928 Exercises 928 Bibliographical Notes 928 Bibliography 929 Credits 933 Index 935 Keep pace with the fast–developing world of operating systems Open–source operating systems, virtual machines, and clustered computing are among the leading fields of operating systems and networking that are rapidly changing. With substantial revisions and organizational changes, Silberschatz, Galvin, and Gagne’s Operating System Concepts, Eighth Edition remains as current and relevant as ever, helping you master the fundamental concepts of operating systems while preparing yourself for today’s emerging developments. As in the past, the text brings you up to speed on core knowledge and skills, including: What operating systems are, what they do, and how they are designed and constructed Process, memory, and storage management Protection and security Distributed systems Special–purpose systems Beyond the basics, the Eight Edition sports substantive revisions and organizational changes that clue you in to such cutting–edge developments as open–source operating systems, multi–core processors, clustered computers, virtual machines, transactional memory, NUMA, Solaris 10 memory management, Sun’s ZFS file system, and more. New to this edition is the use of a simulator to dynamically demonstrate several operating system topics. Best of all, a greatly enhanced WileyPlus, a multitude of new problems and programming exercises, and other enhancements to this edition all work together to prepare you enter the world of operating systems with confidence. Operating System Concepts, Now In Its Ninth Edition, Continues To Provide A Solid Theoretical Foundation For Understanding Operating Systems. The Ninth Edition Has Been Thoroughly Updated To Include Contemporary Examples Of How Operating Systems Function. The Text Includes Content To Bridge The Gap Between Concepts And Actual Implementations. End-of-chapter Problems, Exercises, Review Questions, And Programming Exercises Help To Further Reinforce Important Concepts. A New Virtual Machine Provides Interactive Exercises To Help Engage Students With The Material. Part I: Overview -- Introduction -- Operating-system Structures -- Part Ii: Process Management -- Process -- Threads -- Process Synchronization -- Cpu Scheduling -- Deadlocks -- Part Iii: Memory Management -- Main Memory -- Virtual Memory -- Part Iv: Storage Management -- Mass-storage Structure -- File-system Interface -- File-system Implementation -- I/o Systems -- Part V: Protection And Security -- Protection -- Security -- Part Vi: Advanced Topics -- Virtual Machines -- Distributed Systems -- Part Vii: Case Studies -- The Linux System -- Windows 7 -- Influential Operating Systems. Abraham Silberschatz, Yale University, Peter Baer Galvin, Pluribus Networks, Greg Gagne, Westminster College. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.