Photonic Integrated Phased Array Technology

This book primarily focuses on the authors’ research and practical achievements in the field of photonic integrated phased arrays in recent years. Firstly, a comprehensive introduction on the concept, operation principles, and research progress of photonic integrated phased arrays is introduced. Then, detailed explanations of the optical antenna and array design in photonic integrated phased arrays are given. Combined with design cases of silicon-based optical phased arrays with different scales, the design methods for achieving low sidelobes are deeply researched, and the test principle and design of photonic integrated phased arrays are elaborated. Finally, the design, implementation, and test of photonic integrated phased arrays are illustrated through a detailed case study on the development of a silicon-based optical phased array chip and verify its short-distance space optical communication based on the chip. This book is dedicated to integrating the theory, design, processing, and test cases of photonic integrated phased arrays, and it provides a valuable reference for researchers and designers in the field of optical phased array technology. Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Concept and Definition of Optical Phased Arrays 1.2 Composition of Photonic Integrated Phased Arrays 1.2.1 Optical Coupler 1.2.2 Optical Power Distribution Networks 1.2.3 Optical Phase Shifters 1.2.4 Optical Antenna Arrays 1.2.5 Control Circuit 1.3 Beam-Steering Principles of Optical Phased Arrays 1.4 Relationship Between Optical Phased Arrays and Microwave Phased Arrays 1.5 Main Parameters of Optical Phased Arrays 1.5.1 Port Characteristics of Optical Antennas 1.5.2 Radiation Characteristics of Optical Antennas 1.6 Application Fields of Optical Phased Arrays 1.7 Research Progress of Photonic Integrated Phased Arrays 1.7.1 One-Dimensional Optical Phased Arrays 1.7.2 Two-Dimensional Optical Phased Arrays 1.7.3 Development Trends of Photonic Integrated Phased Arrays References 2 Design of Optical Antennas and Arrays 2.1 Silicon-Based Grating Nanoantennas 2.1.1 Design of Silicon-Based Curved Grating Nanoantennas and Arrays 2.1.2 Design of Miniaturized Silicon-Based Straight Grating Nanoantennas and Arrays 2.1.3 Design of Antennas for Suppressing Bidirectional Radiation 2.2 Plasmonic Nanoantennas 2.2.1 Design of Plasmonic Nanoantennas 2.2.2 Design of Plasmonic Nanoantenna Arrays 2.3 Silicon-Based Horn Nanoantennas 2.3.1 Design of Silicon-Based H-Plane Sectoral Horn Nanoantennas 2.3.2 Design of Silicon-Based Pyramidal Horn Nanoantennas 2.3.3 Design of Miniaturized Silicon-Based Horn Nanoantennas References 3 Low-Sidelobe Design of Photonic Integrated Phased Arrays 3.1 Design Methods of Low-Sidelobe Optical Phased Arrays 3.1.1 Design Methods of Uniform Arrays 3.1.2 Design Methods of Nonuniform Arrays 3.2 Design Cases of Low-Sidelobe Optical Phased Arrays 3.2.1 Low-Sidelobe Design of Uniform Arrays 3.2.2 Low-Sidelobe Design of Nonuniform Arrays References 4 Test of Photonic Integrated Phased Arrays 4.1 Test for Key Components in Photonic Integrated Phased Arrays 4.1.1 Radiation Characteristics Test of Optical Antennas 4.1.2 Phase Shifting Characteristic Test of Optical Phased Shifters 4.2 Test for Photonic Integrated Phased Array Chips 4.2.1 Test Performance 4.2.2 Test Method 4.2.3 Test System 5 Design of Photonic Integrated Phased Arrays 5.1 1 × 32 Silicon-Based Optical Phased Arrays Based on End-Face Coupling 5.1.1 Design Scheme 5.1.2 Radiation Characteristic Test 5.1.3 Comparison Between Simulation and Test 5.2 1 × 64 Silicon-Based Optical Phased Arrays Based on Vertical Coupling 5.2.1 Design Scheme 5.2.2 Radiation Characteristic Test 5.2.3 Comparison Between Simulation and Test 5.3 Packaged 1 × 128 Silicon-Based Optical Phased Arrays Based on Vertical Coupling 5.3.1 Design Scheme 5.3.2 Radiation Characteristic Test 5.3.3 Comparison Between Simulation and Test 5.4 Demonstration and Verification of Communication Based on Silicon-Based Optical Phased Arrays 5.4.1 Demonstration Test of Beam Steering and Switching 5.4.2 Demonstration Test of Free Space Optical Communication