Physics for Chemists

The development of science, technology and industry in the near future requires new materials and devices, which will differ in many aspects from that of past years. This is due to the fact that many sophisticated processes and new materials are being invented. The computer engineering field is a typical example. The main building block for these achievements is science, and leading it is physics, which provides the foundation for the chemical, biological and atomic industries. Physics for Chemists contains many instructive examples complete with detailed analysis and tutorials to evaluate the student's level of understanding. Specifically it is focused to give a robust and relevant background to chemistry students and to eliminate those aspects of physics which are not relevant to these students. This book is aimed at chemistry students and researches who would by using the book, not only be able to perform relevant physical experiments, but would then also be in a position to provide a well founded explanation of the results. * Fundamental principles of modern physics are explained in parallel with their applications to chemistry and technology * Large number of practical examples and tasks * Presentation of new aspects of chemical science and technology e.g. nanotechnology and synthesis of new magnetic materials Physics for Chemists......Page 4 Copyright page......Page 5 Contents......Page 6 Preface......Page 14 Acknowledgments......Page 16 Recommendations to the Solution of the Physical Problems......Page 18 1.2 Kinematics......Page 20 1.3 Dynamics......Page 35 1.4 Work, Energy and Power......Page 70 1.5 Conservation Laws in Mechanics......Page 86 1.6 Einstein’s Special Relativistic Theory (STR) (Short Review)......Page 109 Problems/Tasks......Page 116 Answers......Page 120 2.1 Definitions......Page 124 2.2 Kinematics of Harmonic Oscillations......Page 125 2.3 Summation of Oscillations......Page 132 2.4 Dynamics of the Harmonic Oscillation......Page 137 2.5 Energy of Harmonic Oscillations......Page 150 2.6 Damped Oscillations......Page 152 2.7 Forced Oscillations......Page 157 2.8 Waves......Page 164 2.9 Summation of Waves......Page 175 Problems/Tasks......Page 184 Answers......Page 185 3.1 Kinetic Theory of Ideal Gases......Page 188 3.2 Distribution of Molecules of an Ideal Gas in a Force Field (Boltzmann Distribution)......Page 197 3.3 Distribution of the Kinetic Parameters of an Ideal Gas' Particles (Maxwell Distribution)......Page 205 3.4 First Law of Thermodynamics......Page 213 3.5 The Second Law of Thermodynamics......Page 224 3.6 A Real Gas Approximation: Van Der Waals Equation......Page 240 3.7 Elements of Physical Kinetic......Page 249 Problems/Tasks......Page 264 Answers......Page 266 4.1 Electrostatic Field......Page 270 4.2 Dielectric Properties of Substances......Page 299 Problems/Tasks......Page 320 Answers......Page 322 5.1 General Characteristics of the Magnetic Field......Page 324 5.2 Magnetic Properties of Chemical Substances......Page 350 5.3 Magnetically Ordered State......Page 363 5.4 Displacement Current: Maxwell's Equations......Page 369 Problems/Tasks......Page 377 Answers......Page 379 6.1 Physics of Electromagnetic Optical Waves......Page 380 6.2 An Interference......Page 388 6.3 Diffraction......Page 396 6.4 Polarization......Page 405 6.5 Dispersion of Light......Page 414 6.6 The Quantum-Optical Phenomena......Page 417 6.7 The Bohr Model of a Hydrogen Atom......Page 435 Problems/Tasks......Page 440 Answers......Page 441 7.1 Particle-Wave Duality......Page 442 7.2 Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle......Page 447 7.3 Wavefunction and the Schrödinger Equation......Page 451 7.4 Most General Problems of a Single-Particle Quantum Mechanics......Page 454 7.5 The Hydrogen Atom......Page 466 7.6 A Many-Electron Atom......Page 487 7.7 An Atom in the Magnetic Field: The Zeeman Effect......Page 496 7.8 A Quantum Oscillator and a Quantum Rotator......Page 499 Problems/Tasks......Page 513 Answers......Page 514 8.1 Selected Atomic Nuclei Characteristics......Page 516 8.2 Intraatomic Electron—Nuclear Interactions......Page 521 8.3 γ-Resonance (Mössbauer) Spectroscopy......Page 527 8.4 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)......Page 535 8.5 Abilities of Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance......Page 544 8.6 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR)......Page 545 Problems/Tasks......Page 547 Answers......Page 548 9.1 Crystal Structure, Crystal Lattice......Page 550 9.2 Electrons in Crystals......Page 556 9.3 Lattice Dynamics and Heat Capacity of Crystals......Page 564 9.4 Crystal Defects......Page 580 9.5 Transport Phenomena in Liquids and Solids......Page 586 9.6 Some Technically Important Electric Properties of Substances......Page 590 Problems/Tasks......Page 596 Answers......Page 597 Appendix 1. System of Units Used in the Book......Page 600 Appendix 2. Gyroscope Precession in a Gravity Field......Page 608 Appendix 3. An Electrostatic Field of an Arbitrary Distributed Charge......Page 610 Appendix 4. Langevin Theorem......Page 614 Appendix 5. Maxwell Equations in Differential Form: Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Vacuum......Page 618 Glossary of Symbols and Abbreviations......Page 624 Index......Page 628 The development of science, technology and industry in the near future requires new materials and devices, which will differ in many aspects from that of past years. This is due to the fact that many sophisticated processes and new materials are being invented. The computer engineering field is a typical example. The main building block for these achievements is science, and leading it is physics, which provides the foundation for the chemical, biological and atomic industries.
Physics for Chemists contains many instructive examples complete with detailed analysis and tutorials to evaluate the student's level of understanding. Specifically it is focused to give a robust and relevant background to chemistry students and to eliminate those aspects of physics which are not relevant to these students.
This book is aimed at chemistry students and researches who would by using the book, not only be able to perform relevant physical experiments, but would then also be in a position to provide a well founded explanation of the results.

* Fundamental principles of modern physics are explained in parallel with their applications to chemistry and technology
* Large number of practical examples and tasks
* Presentation of new aspects of chemical science and technology e.g. nanotechnology and synthesis of new magnetic materials