Planets in Binary Star Systems (Astrophysics and Space Science Library Book 366)

The discovery of extrasolar planets over the past decade has had major impacts on our understanding of the formation and dynamical evolution of planetary systems. There are features and characteristics unseen in our solar system and unexplainable by the current theories of planet formation and dynamics. Among these new surprises is the discovery of planets in binary and multiple-star systems. The discovery of such "binary-planetary" systems has confronted astrodynamicists with many new challenges, and has led them to re-examine the theories of planet formation and dynamics. Among these challenges are: * How are planets formed in binary star systems? * What would be the notion of habitability in such systems? * Under what conditions can binary star systems have habitable planets? * How will volatiles necessary for life appear on such planets? This volume seeks to gather the current research in the area of planets in binary and multistar systems and to familiarize readers with its associated theoretical and observational challenges. In 1988, in an article on the analysis of the measurements of the variations in the radial velocities of a number of stars, Campbell, Walker, and Yang reported an - teresting phenomenon;the radial velocity variations of Cephei seemed to suggest the existence of a Jupiter-like planet around this star. This was a very exciting and, at the same time, very surprising discovery. It was exciting because if true, it would have marked the detection of the ?rst planet outside of our solar system. It was surprising because the planet-hosting star is the primary of a binary system with a separation less than 19 AU, a distance comparable to the planetary distances in our solar system. The moderatelyclose orbit of the stellar companionof Cephei raised questions about the reality of its planet. The skepticism over the interpretation of the results (which was primarily based on the idea that binary star systems with small sepa- tions would not be favorable places for planet formation) became so strong that in a subsequent paper in 1992, Walker and his colleagues suggested that the planet in the Cephei binary might not be real, and the variations in the radial velocity of this star might have been due to its chromospheric activities. Front Matter....Pages i-viii Disks Around Young Binary Stars....Pages 1-18 Probing the Impact of Stellar Duplicity on Planet Occurrence with Spectroscopic and Imaging Observations....Pages 19-49 The Detection of Extrasolar Planets Using Precise Stellar Radial Velocities....Pages 51-76 Observational Techniques for Detecting Planets in Binary Systems....Pages 77-103 The SARG Planet Search....Pages 105-133 Early Evolution of Planets in Binaries: Planet–Disk Interaction....Pages 135-164 Dynamics and Planet Formation in/Around Binaries....Pages 165-193 Gravitational Instability in Binary Protoplanetary Disks....Pages 195-238 N-Body Integrators for Planets in Binary Star Systems....Pages 239-263 Terrestrial Planet Formation in Binary Star Systems....Pages 265-283 Planetary Dynamics and Habitable Planet Formation in Binary Star Systems....Pages 285-327 Back Matter....Pages 329-332