Power Plant Engineering

The fourth edition of this hallmark text continues to provide the right blend of theory, design and practice. Analytical and theoretical treatment of the concepts along with an up-to-date coverage makes this book a must have for all. Salient features: in depth coverage of hydroelectric, diesel engine and gas turbine power plants chapter on non-conventional power generation and environmental degradation and use of renewable energy unique coverage on energy storage mechanismstable of content:introduction: economics of power generation analysis of steam cycles combined cycle power generation fuels and combustion combustion mechanism, combustion equipment and firing methods steam generators steam turbines condenser, feedwater and circulating water systems nuclear power plants hydroelectric power plant diesel engine and gas turbine power plants energy storage non-conventional power generation: direct energy conversion environmental degradation and use of renewable energy Title Contents 1. Introduction: Economics of Power Generation 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Load–Duration Curves 1.3 Location of Power Plants 1.4 Power Plant Economics 1.5 Indian Energy Scenario 1.6 Coal-fuelled Electricity Generating Unit Solved Examples Short-answer Questions Problems Bibliography 2. Analysis of Steam Cycles 2.1 Steam Power Plant 2.2 Rankine Cycle 2.3 Carnot Cycle 2.4 Mean Temperature of Heat Addition 2.5 Effect of Variation of Steam Condition on Thermal Effi ciency of Steam Power Plant 2.6 Reheating of Steam 2.7 Regeneration 2.8 Regenerative Feedwater Heating 2.9 Feedwater Heaters 2.10 Carnotization of Rankine Cycle 2.11 Optimum Degree of Regeneration 2.12 Supercritical Pressure Cycle 2.13 Steam Power Plant Appraisal 2.14 Deaerator 2.15 Typical Layout of Steam Power Plant 2.16 Effi ciencies in a Steam Power Plant 2.17 Cogeneration of Power and Process Heat Solved Examples Short-answer Questions Problems Bibliography 3. Combined Cycle Power Generation 3.1 Flaws of Steam as Working Fluid in Power Cycle 3.2 Characteristics of Ideal Working Fluid for Vapour Power Cycle 3.3 Binary Vapour Cycles 3.4 Coupled Cycles 3.5 Combined Cycle Plants 3.6 Gas Turbine–Steam Turbine Power Plant Solved Examples Short-answer Questions Problems Bibliography 4. Fuels and Combustion 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Coal 4.3 Coal Analysis 4.4 Fuel Oil 4.5 Natural and Petroleum Gas 4.6 Emulsion Firing 4.7 Coal–Oil and Coal–Water Mixtures 4.8 Industrial Wastes and Byproducts 4.9 Synthetic Fuels 4.10 Biomass 4.11 Thermodynamic View 4.12 Combustion Reactions 4.13 Mass Balance of a Steam Generator 4.14 Energy Balance of a Steam Generator 4.15 Draught (or Draft) System 4.16 Fans 4.17 Heat of Combustion 4.18 Heating Values: Enthalpy of Combustion 4.19 Theoretical Flame Temperature 4.20 Free Energy of Formation 4.21 Equilibrium Constant KP 4.22 Effect of Dissociation Solved Examples Short-answer Questions Problems Bibliography 5. Combustion Mechanism, Combustion Equipment and Firing Methods 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Kinetics of Combustion Reactions 5.3 Mechanism of Solid Fuel Combustion 5.4 Kinetic and Diffusion Control 5.5 Combustion Equipment for Burning Coal 5.6 Fuel Bed Combustion 5.7 Mechanical Stokers 5.8 Pulverized Coal Firing System 5.9 Cyclone Furnace 5.10 Fluidized Bed Combustion 5.11 Coal Gasifi ers 5.12 Combustion of Fuel Oil 5.13 Combustion of Gas 5.14 Combined Gas Fuel Oil Burners Solved Examples Short-answer Questions Problems Bibliography 6. Steam Generators 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Basic Types of Steam Generators 6.3 Fire-tube Boilers 6.4 Water-Tube Boilers 6.5 Economizers 6.6 Superheaters 6.7 Reheaters 6.8 Steam Generator Control 6.9 Air Preheater 6.10 Fluidized Bed Boilers 6.11(a) Supercritical Boilers: PC Vs CFB Technology 6.11(b) Ultra Supercritical Technology 6.11(c) Advanced Ultra Supercritical Technology (AUSC) 6.11(d) Flue Gas De-nitrifi cation and Desulphurization 6.12 Electrostatic Precipitator 6.13 Fabric Filters and Baghouses 6.14 Ash-Handling System 6.15 Feedwater Treatment 6.16 Deaeration 6.17 Evaporation 6.18 Internal Treatment 6.19 Boiler Blowdown 6.20 Steam Purity Solved Examples Short-answer Questions Problems Bibliography 7. Steam Turbines 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Flow Through Nozzles 7.3 Turbine Blading 7.4 Electrical Energy Generation Solved Examples Short-answer Questions Problems Bibliography 8. Condenser, Feedwater and Circulating Water Systems 8.1 Need of a Condenser 8.2 Direct-Contact Condensers 8.3 Surface Condensers 8.4 Feedwater Heaters 8.5 Circulating Water System 8.6 Cooling Towers 8.7 Cooling Tower Calculations Solved Examples Short-answer Questions Problems Bibliography 9. Nuclear Power Plants 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Structure of the Atom 9.3 Chemical and Nuclear Reactions 9.4 Nuclear Stability and Binding Energy 9.5 Radioactive Decay and Half Life 9.6 Nuclear Fission 9.7 Chain Reaction 9.8 Neutron Energies 9.9 Nuclear Cross Sections 9.10 Neutron Flux and Reaction Rates 9.11 Moderating Power and Moderating Ratio 9.12 Variation of Neutron Cross Sections with Neutron Energy 9.13 Neutron Life Cycle 9.14 Refl ectors 9.15 Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in Nuclear Reactors 9.16 Types of Reactors 9.17 Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) 9.18 Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) 9.19 Gas-cooled Reactors 9.20 Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor 9.21 Heavy Water Reactors 9.22 India’s Nuclear Power Programme 9.23 Fusion Power Reactors Solved Examples Short-answer Questions Problems Bibliography 10. Hydroelectric Power Plant 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Water Power 10.3 Optimization of Hydro-Thermal Mix 10.4 Selection of Site for a Hydroelectric Plant 10.5 Hydrological Cycle 10.6 Hydrographs 10.7 Storage and Pondage 10.8 Essential Elements of a Hydroelectric Power Plant 10.9 Classifi cation of Hydroelectric Power Plants 10.10 Hydraulic Turbines 10.11 Turbine Size 10.12 Pelton Wheel 10.13 Degree of Reaction 10.14 Francis Turbines 10.15 Propeller and Kaplan Turbines 10.16 Deriaz Turbine 10.17 Bulb Turbine 10.18 Specifi c Speed 10.19 Comparison of Turbines 10.20 Cavitation 10.21 Governing of Hydraulic Turbines 10.22 Governing of Reaction Turbines 10.23 Surge Tanks 10.24 Performance of Turbines 10.25 Selection of Turbines Solved Examples Short-answer Questions Problems Bibliography 11. Diesel Engine and Gas Turbine Power Plants 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Applications of Diesel Engines in Power Field 11.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Diesel Engine Power Plant 11.4 Types of Diesel Plants 11.5 General Layout 11.6 Combustion in a CI Engine 11.7 Performance Characteristics 11.8 Supercharging 11.9 Layout of a Diesel Engine Power Plant 11.10 Gas Turbine Power Plant 11.11 Components of Gas Turbine Plant 11.12 Gas Turbine Fuels 11.13 Gas Turbine Materials 11.14 Free Piston Engine Plant Solved Examples Short-answer Questions Problems Bibliography 12. Energy Storage 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Pumped Hydro 12.3 Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) 12.4 Flywheel Energy Storage 12.5 Electrochemical Energy Storage 12.6 Magnetic Energy Storage 12.7 Thermal Energy Storage 12.8 Chemical Energy Storage 12.9 Hydrogen Energy Solved Examples Short-answer Questions Problems Bibliography 13. Non-conventional Power Generation: Direct Energy Conversion 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Power Generation 13.3 Thermionic Power Generation 13.4 Thermoelectric Power Generation 13.5 Fuel Cells 13.6 Geothermal Energy 13.7 Hydrogen Energy System Solved Examples Short-answer Questions Problems Bibliography 14. Environmental Degradation and Use of Renewable Energy 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Greenhouse Effect 14.3 Acid Rain 14.4 Smog 14.5 Nuclear Radiation 14.6 Solar Energy 14.7 Wind Energy 14.8 Ocean Energy Systems 14.9 Geothermal Energy 14.10 Small Hydro 14.11 Energy from Biomass Solved Examples Short-answer Questions Bibliography Objective Questions Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Index