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For Jameson, postmodernism is a forced but highly permeating field, given that cultures are formed through mass media ("mass culture"). This so-called mass culture indirectly forces us to shape our ideologies and brings us under the influence of media culture—a process that Jameson calls hegemony. This hegemony however has nothing to do with the postcolonial idea of colonization; rather it is a form of hegemony in the postmodern world, where media and capitalism play the most significant role in colonizing people's thoughts and ways of life.Jameson argues that postmodernism is the age of the end of traditional ideologies. The ending of traditional ideologies can be seen through new wave of the aesthetic productions. He uses architecture and painting as examples. For instance, he draws out the differences between mindsets of modernism and postmodernism by comparing Van Gogh's “Peasant Shoes” with Andy Warhol's “Diamond Dust Shoes”.For Jameson, postmodernism, as mass-culture driven by capitalism, pervades every aspect of our daily lives. Whether we want it or not, we imbibe it. This in turn makes it a "popular" culture of the masses. Contents 8 Introduction 10 1. Culture: The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism 24 2. Ideology: Theories of The Postmodern 86 3. Video: Surrealism Without The Unconscious 98 4. Architecture: Spatial Equivalents in the World System 128 5. Sentences: Reading and the Division of Labor 162 6. Space: Utopianism After the End of Utopia 185 7. Theory: Immanence and Nominalism In Postmodern Theoretical Discourse 212 8. Economics: Postmodernism and the Market 291 9. Film: Nostalgia for the Present 310 10. Conclusion: Secondary Elaborations 328 Notes 450 Index 462