Pro Vagrant

__Pro Vagrant__ teaches you how to effectively implement and optimize Vagrant in your everyday work environment. Master the creation and configuration of virtual development environments with an easy-to-use workflow, and focus on automation. Vagrant lowers development environment setup time, increases development/production parity, and makes the "works on my machine" excuse a relic of the past. DevOps is mainstream best practice nowadays, and Vagrant sits firmly in the DevOps toolkit. This book will take you from basic usage and getting started, to provisioning with Shell, Puppet, and Chef. You will see how to use Vagrant in real-life scenarios, so that you can start to use Vagrant day-to-day in your work. Author Wodimierz Gajda is a Vagrant expert and now brings his experience to you in __Pro Vagrant__. This is an indispensable book for anyone using Vagrant - add it to your library today. ## What you’ll learn ## Who this book is for This book is for anyone wishing to implement Vagrant as a DevOps tool, to master the creation and configuration of virtual development environments with an easy-to-use workflow, and focus on automation. ## Table of Contents Contents at a Glance 3 Contents 232 About the Author 241 About the Technical Reviewer 242 Acknowledgments 243 Chapter 1: Getting Started with Vagrant 4 What Is Vagrant? 4 Client/Server Paradigm and its Aftermath 5 Traditional Approach to Setting up a Developer Environment 6 Virtualization to the Rescue 10 Enter the Vagrant 12 Vagrant Rulez! 13 Disadvantages of Vagrant 15 Vagrant for Trainers, Instructors, and Teachers 15 Installing the Software 16 Git 16 VirtualBox 16 Vagrant 17 Check the Installation 18 Basic Vagrant Configuration 19 Documentation 19 Summary 21 In the Next Chapter, You’ll Learn . . . 21 Reading List 21 Test Yourself 22 Chapter 2: Four Web Frameworks in Four Minutes 23 Project 1: “Songs for kids” Written in AngularJS 24 Project 2: “Songs for kids” Written in Django 28 Project 3: “Songs for kids” Written in Ruby on Rails 32 Project 4: “Songs for kids” Written in Symfony 35 What Have You Achieved? 38 Shared Folders 38 Stopping VMs 39 Summary 40 In the Next Chapter, You’ll Learn . . . 40 Reading List 41 Test Yourself 41 Exercises 41 Chapter 3: The States of VM 43 Before You Begin 44 Getting the Source Code of the Example Application 44 Vagrantfile 44 Where Does the VM Image Come From? 46 Booting the VM 46 Stage I: Downloading and Installing the Box in the System 48 Stage II: Importing the Base Box into the Project 48 Stage III: Booting the System 49 Files and Directories: Summary 51 Files and Directories in Stage I 52 Files and Directories in Stage II 52 Files and Directories in Stage III 52 Guest OS States 52 running State 53 poweroff State 53 saved State 54 not created State 54 aborted State 55 Vagrant Commands 55 $ vagrant up Command 57 $ vagrant halt Command 58 $ vagrant suspend Command 58 $ vagrant destroy Command 58 $ vagrant reload Command 59 How to Start and Stop a VM 59 Running “Songs for kids” in Sinatra 60 Killing and Preserving Processes in a Guest OS During Shutdown 61 Preserving and Losing Files in a Guest OS During Shutdown 62 Colliding Ports 63 Removing the Box 64 Summary 64 In the Next Chapter You Will Learn . . . 65 Reading List 65 Test Yourself 65 Exercises 66 Chapter 4: Default Configuration and Security Settings of the Guest VM 67 Atlas 67 Initializing a New Project 69 Security Concern #1 70 Booting the Guest OS 70 Downloading the ubuntu/trusty32 Base Box from Atlas 71 Default Configuration of a VM 72 Forwarding Port 2222 on the Host to Port 22 on the Guest 73 Security Concern #2 75 Sharing a Project Directory 75 Communication with the Outside World 78 Analysis of “Songs for kids” in AngularJS 78 Working with SSH 79 Working with Multiple Guests 80 Security Concern #3 81 Using the authorized_keys File for SSH Authorization 81 Security Concern #4 83 Reloading the Guest OS 83 Summary 84 In the Next Chapter, You Will Learn . . . 85 Reading List 85 Test Yourself 85 Exercises 85 Chapter 5: Your First Box 86 The Task at Hand 86 Choosing a Base Box and Initializing a New Project 87 Installing the Necessary Software 88 Generating a Box 89 Listing, Installing, and Removing Boxes 89 Using the Box 92 Forwarding Ports 94 Advantages of Boxing 95 Serving Boxes over the Network 96 Securing Your Boxes 97 Repackaging Boxes 97 Summary 97 In the Next Chapter, You Will Learn . . . 98 Reading List 98 Test Yourself 98 Exercises 99 Chapter 6: Provisioning 100 Provisioners 101 Configuring Provisioning 102 Multiple Provisioners 103 When Does Provisioning Happen? 103 Versioning Boxes with git 104 Jekyll Box with the Shell Provisioner 105 Box Source Code 105 First Run of the Shell Provisioner 106 Versioning the Box Source Code 108 Generating a Box 109 Using the Shell-Provisioned Box 110 Annoying “not a tty” Problem 113 Jekyll Box with the Puppet Provisioner 115 Box Source Code 115 First Run of the Puppet Provisioner 117 Versioning the Box Source Code 118 Generating a Box 118 Using a Puppet-Provisioned Box 118 Jekyll Box with the Chef Provisioner 119 Box Source Code 119 First Run of the Chef Provisioner 120 Versioning the Box Source Code 121 Generating a Box 121 Jekyll Box with the Ansible Provisioner 121 Box Source Code 122 First Run of the Ansible Provisioner 123 Versioning the Box Source Code 123 Generating a Box 124 Workflow 124 Summary 124 In the Next Chapter, You Will Learn . . . 125 Reading List 125 Test Yourself 126 Exercises 127 Chapter 7: Creating Boxes from Scratch 128 Packer 128 Installing Packer 129 Building Boxes Using the chef/bento Project 129 Using the Box Generated with chef/bento 131 Building Boxes Using the boxcutter Project 132 Using the Box Generated with the boxcutter Project 134 How Does Packer Work? 134 Customizing Boxes Generated with chef/ bento 140 VirtualBox Guest Additions 141 Creating a Box Manually 142 Downloading ISO Images 142 Booting ISO Images 144 Using the Boot Command and preseed.cfg 151 Timing 154 Working with the Open Virtualization Format ( OVF) 155 Summary 156 In the Next Chapter, You Will Learn . . . 156 Reading List 156 Test Yourself 157 Exercises 157 Chapter 8: Configuring Vir tual Machines 158 Vir tualBox-Related Configuration 159 VM Name 159 GUI Mode 160 RAM 162 Number of CPUs 164 Other Physical Properties 164 General Settings 165 Hostname 165 Post-up Messages 166 Booting and Halting Timeouts 167 SSH 167 X11 Forwarding 168 Base Box 170 Using Checksums for Boxes 171 Networking 172 Port Forwarding 172 Port Collision 174 Private Networks 175 Public Networks 178 Synced Folders 179 Synchronization Types 180 Benchmarking Disk Operations 180 VirtualBox Shared Folders 182 NFS 182 rsync 183 Server Message Block (SMB) 184 Platform-Related Configuration 184 Summary 185 In the Next Chapter, You Will Learn . . . 185 Reading List 185 Test Yourself 186 Exercises 187 Chapter 9: One True Workflow 188 Most Common Antipattern 188 Is it an Antipattern? 190 Generating Base Boxes 190 Generating Base Boxes with Packer 191 Generating Customized Boxes 192 Modularize Boxes with Provisioner Modules 196 Embedding Submodules 199 Puppet Submodule Antipattern 201 Bake Everything in the Customized Box 201 Summary 202 In the Next Chapter, You Will Learn . . . 202 Reading List 203 Test Yourself 203 Exercises 203 Chapter 10: Going Pro 205 The Challenge 205 SCM Tools 206 Development /Production Mapping 206 Multimachine Settings 207 Debugging 209 Using Vagrant Plug-ins 209 Vagrant-cachier Plug-in 209 Vagrant-winnfsd Plug-in 209 Vagrant-puppet-install Plug-in 210 Vagrant-omnibus Plug-in 210 Vagrant-hostupdater Plug-in 210 Vagrant-vbguest Plug-in 210 Working with Atlas.Hashicorp.com 210 Versioning Boxes 218 Sharing Your Environment 220 HTTP Shares 220 SSH Shares 221 Summary 222 Reading List 222 Test Yourself 222 Exercises 223 Index 224 Pro Vagrant Teaches You How To Effectively Implement And Optimize Vagrant In Your Everyday Work Environment. Master The Creation And Configuration Of Virtual Development Environments With An Easy-to-use Workflow, And Focus On Automation. Vagrant Lowers Development Environment Setup Time, Increases Development/production Parity, And Makes The Works On My Machine Excuse A Relic Of The Past. Devops Is Mainstream Best Practice Nowadays, And Vagrant Sits Firmly In The Devops Toolkit. This Book Will Take You From Basic Usage And Getting Started, To Provisioning With Shell, Puppet, And Chef. You Will See How To Use Vagrant In Real-life Scenarios, So That You Can Start To Use Vagrant Day-to-day In Your Work. Author Wodimierz Gajda Is A Vagrant Expert And Now Brings His Experience To You In Pro Vagrant. This Is An Indispensable Book For Anyone Using Vagrant - Add It To Your Library Today. Włodzimierz Gajda. Includes Index. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Front Matter....Pages i-xxi Getting Started with Vagrant....Pages 1-19 Four Web Frameworks in Four Minutes....Pages 21-40 The States of VM....Pages 41-64 Default Configuration and Security Settings of the Guest VM....Pages 65-83 Your First Box....Pages 85-98 Provisioning....Pages 99-126 Creating Boxes from Scratch....Pages 127-156 Configuring Virtual Machines....Pages 157-186 One True Workflow....Pages 187-203 Going Pro....Pages 205-223 Back Matter....Pages 225-229