Quantum Dissipative Systems (Second Edition)

Recent advances in the quantum theory of macroscopic systems have brightened up the field and brought it into the focus of a general community in natural sciences. The fundamental concepts, methods and applications including the most recent developments, previously covered for the most part only in the original literature, are presented here in a comprehensive treatment to an audience who is reasonably familiar with quantum-statistical mechanics and has had rudimentary contacts with the path integral formulation. This book deals with the phenomena and theory of decoherence and dissipation in quantum mechanics that arise from the interaction with the environment. A general path integral description of equilibrium thermodynamics and non-equilibrium dynamics is developed. The approach can deal with weak and strong dissipation, and with all kinds of memory effects. Applications to numerous phenomenological and microscopic systems are presented, where emphasis is put on condensed matter and chemical physics. The basic principles and methods of preparation functions, propagating functions, and time correlation functions are described. Special attention is focused on quantum tunneling and quantum coherence phenomena of macroscopic variables. Many illustrative realistic examples are discussed in some detail. The book attempts to provide a broad perspective and to open up this rapidly developing field to interested researchers normally working in different fields. In this enlarged second edition, the nineteen chapters of the first edition have been expanded by about one-third to better meet both the requests of newcomers to the field and of advanced readers, and seven new chapters have been added that review the most recent important developments I. General Theory Of Open Quantum Systems -- Diverse Limited Approaches: A Brief Survey -- System-plus-reservoir Models -- Imaginary-time Path Integrals -- Real-time Path Integrals And Dynamics -- Ii. Few Simple Applications -- Damped Harmonic Oscillator -- Quantum Brownian Motion -- The Thermodynamic Variational Approach -- Suppression Of Quantum Coherence -- Iii. Quantum Statistical Decay -- Introduction -- Classical Rate Theory: A Brief Overview -- Quantum Rate Theory: Basic Methods -- Multidimensional Quantum Rate Theory -- Crossover From Thermal To Quantum Decay -- Thermally Activated Decay -- The Crossover Region -- Dissipative Quantum Tunneling -- Iv. The Dissipative Two-state System -- Introduction -- Thermodynamics -- Electron Transfer And Incoherent Tunneling -- Two-state Dynamics -- The Driven Two-state System -- V. The Dissipative Multi-state System -- Quantum Brownian Particle In A Cosine Potential -- Multi-state Dynamics -- Duality Symmetry -- Tunneling Of Charge In A Luttinger Liquid. Ulrich Weiss. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 427-444) And Index. 1. Introduction -- I. General theory of open quantum systems. 2. Diverse limited approaches: a brief survey. 3. System-plus-reservoir models. 4. Imaginary-time path integrals. 5. Real-time path integrals and dynamics -- II. Few simple applications. 6. Damped harmonic oscillator. 7. Quantum Brownian motion. 8. The thermodynamic variational approach. 9. Suppression of quantum coherence -- III. Quantum statistical decay. 10. Introduction. 11. Classical rate theory: a brief overview. 12. Quantum rate theory: basic methods. 13. Multidimensional quantum rate theory. 14. Crossover from thermal to quantum decay. 15. Thermally activated decay. 16. The crossover region. 17. Dissipative quantum tunneling -- IV. The dissipative two-state system. 18. Introduction. 19. Thermodynamics. 20. Electron transfer and incoherent tunneling. 21. Two-state dynamics. 22. The driven two-state system -- V. The dissipative multi-state system. 23. Quantum Brownian particle in a cosine potential. 24. Multi-state dynamics. 25. Duality symmetry. 26. Tunneling of charge in a Luttinger liquid This second, enlarged edition of the text deals with the phenomena and theory of decoherence and dissipation in quantum mechanics that arise from the interaction with the environment.