Radical Polymerication: New Developments (Polymer Science and Technology)

Design and synthesis of structurally well defined polymers is one of the areas of current technology interest for niche product applications Major research efforts are focused on moving from coordination addition to advanced radical polymerization methodology to produce new polymeric structures using polar and or non polar monomer for different end use applications In this book the authors present topical research on new developments in radical polymerization Topics discussed include interface radical reactions of functional polyperoxides for fabrication of three dimensional polymeric structures biomacromolecules in radical processes nitroxide mediated photo controlled living radical polymerization alkaline anion exchange membranes prepared by plasma polymerization advancements in controlled radical polymerization for functional polymers and thermal redox and photoinduced ring opening polymerization reactions. Cover Half Title Polymer Science and Technology Series Radical Polymerication: New Developments Copyright Contents Preface 1. Interface Radical Reactions of Functional Polyperoxides for Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Polymeric Structures Abstract INTRODUCTION EXPERIMENTAL Materials Grafting of FPPs to a Polyolefin Surface Formation of Hydrogels Grafted to Polypropylene Substrate by Radical Polymeriz Formation of Grafted Hydrogels by Condensation Mechanism Formation of Porous Hydrogels RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Prediction of Interfacial Interaction between FPP Film and Polymeric Substrate Surface Thermal Decomposition of FPPs Effect of FPP Structure on Surface Coverage FPP Grafting on PP Surface Mathematical Model of FPP Grafting Modification of the Peroxidized Polymer Surface with Functional Monomers and Polysaccharides Covalent Grafting of Paam-Based Hydrogels to a PP Substrate by Radical Polymerization Covalent Grafting of Paam-Based Hydrogels Top Substrate by Intermolecular Condensation Covalent Grafting of Paam to Dispersed Silica Surface and Formation of Porous Hydrogels with a Regular Pore Distribution REFERENCES 2. Biomacromolecules in Radical Processes: Innovative Strategies for the Synthesis of Biomaterials Abstract 1. INTRODUCTION 2. SYNTHESIS OF BIOMATERIALS BY RADICAL POLYMERIZATION OF BIOMACROMOLECULES DERIVATIVES 2.1. Chitosan 2.2. Dextran 2.3. Hyaluronic Acid 2.4. Cellulose 2.5. Starch 2.6. Galactomannan, Guar Gum, Inulin and Pectin 2.7. Albumin 2.8. Gelatin 3. GRAFTING OF BIOMACROMOLECULES 3.1. Chitosan 3.2. Dextran 3.3. Starch 3.4. Guar Gum 3.5. Pectin 3.6. Inulin 3.7. Alginate 3.8. Collagen and Gelatin REFERENCES 3. Nitroxide-Mediated Photo Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization 1. INTRODUCTION 2. MOLECULAR WEIGHT CONTROL OF POLYMERS [37, 38] 3. EFFECT OF INITIATORS [43] 4. MECHANISMS [40] 5. PHOTO-ACID GENERATORS 5.1. Triarylsulfonium Salts [42, 44] 5.2. An Iron-Arene Complex [47] 6. STABILITY OF THE GROWING POLYMER CHAIN END [45] 7. SOLUTION POLYMERIZATION [46] 8. MOLECULAR DESIGN 8.1. Block Copolymerization Using a TEMPO Macromediator [39] 8.2. Graft Copolymerization Using TEMPO Supported on Polymer Side Chains [48] CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES 4. Alkaline Anion-Exchange Membranes Prepared by Plasma Polymerization: Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Application in Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells Abstract 1. FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF PLASMA POLYMERIZATION 2. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PLASMA POLYMER FILMS 3. ALKALINE ANION-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES PREPARED BY PLASMA POLYMERIZATION FOR APP 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Synthesis of Plasma-Polymerized Alkaline Anion-Exchange Membrane 3.3. Characteristic Measurements of Membranes 3.4. Morphology of PVBC Membranes [39] 3.5. IEC Analysis [39] 3.6. Chemical Structure Characterization of the Membranes [35, 39] 3.7. Ionic Conductivity [35] 3.8. Thermal Stability [35] 4. SUMMARY REFERENCES 5. A Review on Radical Polymerization Used for Design and Development of Biomaterials Abstract Abbreviations 1. INTRODUCTION 2. FREE RADICAL POLYMERIZATION 3. CONTROLLED/LIVING RADICAL POLYMERIZATION 3.1. Basic Concepts of Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization 3.2. Types of Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization 3.2.1. Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: Kinetics and Mechanism 3.2.1.1.Carbohydrate Based Graft Copolymers 3.2.1.2.Carbohydrate Based Surface Graft Copolymers by ATRP 3.2.1.3. Carbohydrate Based Self-Assembled Copolymers by ATRP 3.2.2. Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization 3.2.3. Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization (NMP) CONCLUSION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT REFERENCES 6. Advancements in Controlled Radical Polymerization for Functional Polymers Abstract 1. INTRODUCTION 2. HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF CRP 3. TYPES OF CONTROL RADICAL POLYMERIZATION 3.1. Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization (NMP) 3.2. Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization 3.3 . Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization 4. FUNCTIONALIZED POLYOLEFINS 4.1. Macro Monomer/ Macro Initiator Approach Followed by CRP Technique 4.2. Grafting of Polar Monomer from Polyolefin by Surface Activation 4.3. Direct Polymerization of Olefin with Polar Monomer though CRP Technique 4.4. Direct Radical Polymerization of Olefin with Polar Monomer 5. MACROMOLECULAR ARCHITECTURES OF POLYMER PRODUCED BY CRP 6. APPLICATIONS 7. FUTURE PERSPECTIVE REFERENCES 7. Thermal Redox and Photoinduced Ring Opening Polymerization Reactions: Initiating Systems Based on Organosilanes Bearing Si-Si Bond Abstract INTRODUCTION THE CHEMICAL SYSTEMS AND POLYMERIZATION PROCEDURES I) Free Radical Photopolymerization (FRP) II) Free Radical Promoted Cationic Photopolymerization (FRPCP) III) Redox Initiating Systems at RT 1. Backgrounds: The Organosilanes in FRP 1.A. Excited States and Radical Properties 1.B. The Photoinitiating Ability 1.C. Initiating Mechanism in FRP 2. The Photoinitiating Ability of the PI/Ph2I+ Combinations for FRPCP 3. The Redox Initiating Systems at RT 4. Formation of Nanoparticles in an Acrylate Matrix REFERENCES Index