Raman Imaging : Techniques and Applications

Raman imaging has long been used to probe the chemical nature of a sample, providing information on molecular orientation, symmetry and structure with sub-micron spatial resolution. Recent technical developments have pushed the limits of micro-Raman microscopy, enabling the acquisition of Raman spectra with unprecedented speed, and opening a pathway to fast chemical imaging for many applications from material science and semiconductors to pharmaceutical drug development and cell biology, and even art and forensic science. The promise of tip-enhanced raman spectroscopy (TERS) and near-field techniques is pushing the envelope even further by breaking the limit of diffraction and enabling nano-Raman microscopy. Raman Imaging 3 Preface 5 Contents 8 1 Imaging Modes 13 2 Raman Imaging in Semiconductor Physics: Applications to Microelectronic Materials and Devices 50 3 Raman Mapping for the Investigation of Nano-phased Materials 95 4 Raman Imaging of Micro- and Nano-Structured Materials 129 5 Application of Raman-based Images in the Earth Sciences 154 6 Raman Mapping in the Scientific Investigations of Works of Art 197 7 Raman Microscopy: A Versatile Approach to Bio-Imaging 226 8 Mapping Chemical and Structural Composition of Pharmaceutical and Biological Samples by Raman, Surface-Enhanced Raman and Fluorescence Spectral Imaging 250 8.1 Introduction 250 8.2 Experimental 251 8.2.1 Instrumental Setup 251 8.2.2 Brief Description of Principle of Spectral Imaging 252 8.3 Results 253 8.3.1 I. Biocompatible Materials Made of Alginates 253 8.3.2 Anticancer Drugs in Pharmaceutical Forms and in Biological Systems 256 8.3.3 Conclusion and Perspectives 261 References 262 9 Raman Imaging of Grain Orientation, Strain, Crystallinity and Doping Levels in Solar Silicon 263 10 Tip-Enhanced Near-Field Optical Microscopy of Carbon Nanotubes 306 11 CARS Microscopy: Implementation of Nonlinear Vibrational Spectroscopy for Far-Field and Near-Field Imaging 321 12 Background-free Coherent Raman Imaging: The CARS and SRS Contrast Mechanisms 351 Index 377 Front Matter....Pages i-xiii Imaging Modes....Pages 1-37 Raman Imaging in Semiconductor Physics: Applications to Microelectronic Materials and Devices....Pages 39-83 Raman Mapping for the Investigation of Nano-phased Materials....Pages 85-118 Raman Imaging of Micro- and Nano-Structured Materials....Pages 119-143 Application of Raman-based images in the Earth sciences....Pages 145-187 Raman Mapping in the Scientific Investigations of Works of Art....Pages 189-217 Raman Microscopy : A Versatile Approach to Bio-Imaging....Pages 219-242 Mapping Chemical and Structural Composition of Pharmaceutical and Biological Samples by Raman, Surface-Enhanced Raman and Fluorescence Spectral Imaging....Pages 243-255 Raman Imaging of Grain Orientation, Strain, Crystallinity and Doping Levels in Solar Silicon....Pages 257-299 Tip-Enhanced Near-Field Optical Microscopy of Carbon Nanotubes....Pages 301-315 CARS Microscopy: Implementation of Nonlinear Vibrational Spectroscopy for Far-Field and Near-Field Imaging....Pages 317-346 Background-free Coherent Raman Imaging: The CARS and SRS Contrast Mechanisms....Pages 347-372 Back Matter....Pages 373-383 Raman imaging is used to probe the chemical nature of a sample, providing information on molecular orientation, symmetry and structure with sub-micron spatial resolution. This text shows how to accelerate Raman analysis in addition to applications coming on stream, such as tip enhancement