Red Hat Linux : Pocket Administrator

Team DDU......Page 1 CONTENTS......Page 6 Introduction......Page 12 Superuser Control: the root user......Page 14 Root User Password......Page 15 Root User Access: su......Page 16 Using the redhat-config-date Utility......Page 18 Using the date Command......Page 19 The crond Service......Page 20 crontab Entries......Page 21 cron.d Directory......Page 22 cron Editing......Page 23 Organizing Scheduled Tasks......Page 24 Running cron Directory Scripts......Page 25 runlevels......Page 26 initab runlevels......Page 27 runlevel Command......Page 29 shutdown......Page 30 redhat-config-services......Page 32 Red Hat Administration Tools......Page 33 System Directories......Page 34 Configuration Files: /etc......Page 35 /etc/sysconfig......Page 37 redhat-logviewer......Page 39 syslogd and syslog.conf......Page 40 Priorities......Page 41 actions and users......Page 43 Performance Analysis Tools and Processes......Page 44 vmstat, free, top, iostat, Xload, and sar......Page 45 Gnome System Manager (GTop)......Page 47 KDE Task Manager and Performance Monitor (KSysguard)......Page 48 User Configuration Files......Page 50 The Password Files......Page 51 /etc/passwd......Page 52 Password Tools......Page 53 Profile Scripts......Page 54 /etc/skel......Page 55 /etc/login.access......Page 56 Controlling User Passwords......Page 57 Red Hat User Manager......Page 58 useradd......Page 60 userdel......Page 62 /etc/group and /etc/gshadow......Page 63 group directories......Page 64 Managing Groups with the Red Hat User Manager......Page 65 Controlling Access to Directories and Files: chmod......Page 66 Permissions......Page 67 chmod......Page 69 Ownership......Page 70 Changing a File's Owner or Group: chown and chgrp......Page 71 Absolute Permissions: Binary Masks......Page 72 Setting Permissions: Permission Symbols......Page 74 Directory Permissions......Page 75 Ownership Permissions......Page 77 Sticky Bit Permissions......Page 78 Permission Defaults: umask......Page 79 Quota Tools......Page 80 edquota......Page 81 repquota and quota......Page 83 LDAP Clients and Servers......Page 84 LDAP Tools......Page 85 LDAP and PAM......Page 86 Pluggable Authentication Modules......Page 87 PAM Modules......Page 88 3 Software Management......Page 90 Software Repositories......Page 91 Software Package Types......Page 92 Red Hat Package Manager (RPM)......Page 93 RPM Packages......Page 94 Installing from the Desktop: redhat-config-packages......Page 95 Command-Line Installation: rpm......Page 97 Installing Software from RPM Source Code Files: SRPMs......Page 105 Building the Source Code......Page 106 Decompressing Software......Page 107 Selecting an Install Directory......Page 108 Extracting Software......Page 109 Compiling Software......Page 110 Command and Program Directories: PATH......Page 114 The Concurrent Versions System: CVS......Page 116 Checking in and Checking out......Page 117 Logging Messages......Page 118 Updating, Adding, and Removing CVS Files......Page 119 Internet CVS Repositories......Page 120 Packaging Your Software with RPM......Page 121 The Build Components......Page 122 Build Tree Directories......Page 123 RPM Spec File......Page 124 RPM Build Operation......Page 127 4 Filesystem Hierarchy Standard......Page 130 Root Directory: /......Page 131 System Directories......Page 132 Program Directories......Page 133 /usr Directory......Page 134 /var Directory......Page 135 /proc File System......Page 137 Device Files: /dev......Page 138 CD-ROM Devices......Page 140 5 File System Administration......Page 142 File Systems......Page 143 Mounting File Systems......Page 144 File System Information......Page 145 Journaling......Page 147 ReiserFS......Page 148 Mounting File Systems Automatically: /etc/fstab......Page 149 mount Options......Page 150 Boot and Disk Check......Page 153 Partition Labels: e2label......Page 154 Linux Kernel Interfaces......Page 155 noauto......Page 156 Mounting File Systems Directly: mount and umount......Page 157 mount Command......Page 158 unmount Command......Page 159 Mounting Floppy Disks......Page 160 Mounting CD-ROMs......Page 161 Mounting Hard Drive Partitions: Linux and Windows......Page 163 SCSI Emulation......Page 164 Grub and CD Writers......Page 165 scanbus......Page 166 fdisk......Page 167 parted......Page 169 mkfs......Page 170 mkswap......Page 172 mkisofs......Page 173 Backups......Page 176 Amanda......Page 177 Enabling RAID and LVM in the Kernel......Page 178 Configuring RAID Devices......Page 179 Linux Software RAID Levels......Page 180 Corresponding Hard Disk Partitions......Page 182 Booting from a RAID Device......Page 184 RAID Tools......Page 185 Creating and Installing RAID Devices......Page 186 RAID Example......Page 192 Logical Volume Manager......Page 193 LVM Structure......Page 194 Creating LVMs with Disk Druid......Page 195 LVM Tools......Page 196 LVM Example......Page 198 Device Files......Page 200 Device Symbolic Links......Page 201 Hardware Device Installation: Kudzu......Page 202 Creating Device Files Manually......Page 203 Device Information: /proc and /etc/sysconfig/hwconf......Page 205 Installing and Managing Terminals and Modems......Page 206 mingetty, mgetty, and agetty......Page 207 tset......Page 208 Installing Sound, Network, and Other Cards......Page 209 Sound Devices......Page 210 Video, TV, and DVD Devices......Page 211 Kernel Module Tools......Page 212 Module Files and Directories......Page 213 Managing Modules with /etc/modules.conf......Page 214 Installing New Modules for the Kernel......Page 218 CUPS and LPRng......Page 220 Printer Devices and Configuration......Page 221 Printer Configuration with redhat-config-printer......Page 222 Configuring a New Printer......Page 223 Configuring Network Printers......Page 224 Managing Printers with CUPS......Page 225 CUPS Configuration Tool......Page 226 Configuring Remote Printers on CUPS......Page 227 CUPS Printer Classes......Page 228 CUPS Configuration......Page 229 CUPS Command-line Print Clients......Page 230 CUPS Administrative Tools......Page 233 The Line Printer Server: LPRng......Page 235 printcap File......Page 236 Configuring lpd......Page 238 LPRng Print Clients......Page 240 Kernel Versions......Page 242 Kernel Tuning: Kernel Runtime Parameters......Page 244 Installing a New Kernel Version......Page 246 CPU Kernel Packages......Page 247 Installing Kernel Packages: /boot......Page 248 Precautionary Steps for Modifying a Kernel of the Same Version......Page 251 Boot Loader......Page 252 Compiling the Kernel from Source Code......Page 253 Installing Kernel Sources: Kernel Archives and Patches......Page 254 Configuring the Kernel......Page 255 Important Kernel Configuration Features......Page 257 Compiling and Installing the Kernel......Page 260 Installing the Kernel Image Manually......Page 262 Kernel Boot Disks......Page 263 Boot Loader Configurations......Page 264 LILO Configurations......Page 265 Module RAM Disks......Page 266 A Service Management Tools: chkconfig and redhat-config-services......Page 268 chkconfig......Page 269 Listing Services with chkconfig......Page 270 Starting and Stopping Services with chkconfig......Page 271 Adding and Removing Services with chkconfig......Page 272 Index......Page 274 Team DDU Red Hat Linux Pocket Administrator 1 Cover 1 CONTENTS 6 Introduction 12 1 Basic System Administration 14 Superuser Control: the root user 14 Root User Password 15 Root User Access: su 16 System Time and Date 18 Using the redhat-config-date Utility 18 Using the date Command 19 Scheduling Tasks: cron 20 The crond Service 20 crontab Entries 21 cron Environment Variables 22 cron.d Directory 22 crontab Command 23 cron Editing 23 Organizing Scheduled Tasks 24 Running cron Directory Scripts 25 Cron Directory Names 26 System Runlevels: telinit, initab, and shutdown 26 runlevels 26 initab runlevels 27 Changing runlevels with telinit 29 runlevel Command 29 shutdown 30 Managing Services 32 chkconfig 32 service Command 32 redhat-config-services 32 Red Hat Administration Tools 33 System Directories 34 Program Directories 35 Configuration Directories and Files 35 Configuration Files: /etc 35 /etc/sysconfig 37 System Logs: /var/log and syslogd 39 redhat-logviewer 39 syslogd and syslog.conf 40 syslogd.conf Entries 41 Priorities 41 actions and users 43 /etc/syslog.conf Example 44 Performance Analysis Tools and Processes 44 ps Command 45 vmstat, free, top, iostat, Xload, and sar 45 Procman System Manager 47 Gnome System Manager (GTop) 47 KDE Process Manager (kpm) 48 KDE Task Manager and Performance Monitor (KSysguard) 48 2 Managing Users 50 User Configuration Files 50 The Password Files 51 /etc/passwd 52 /etc/shadow and /etc/gshadow 53 Password Tools 53 Managing User Environments 54 Profile Scripts 54 /etc/skel 55 /etc/login.defs 56 /etc/login.access 56 Controlling User Passwords 57 Red Hat User Manager 58 Adding and Removing Users with useradd, usermod, and userdel 60 useradd 60 usermod 62 userdel 62 Managing Groups 63 /etc/group and /etc/gshadow 63 User Private Groups 64 group directories 64 Managing Groups with the Red Hat User Manager 65 Managing Groups Using groupadd, groupmod, and groupdel 66 Controlling Access to Directories and Files: chmod 66 Permissions 67 chmod 69 Ownership 70 Changing a File's Owner or Group: chown and chgrp 71 Absolute Permissions: Binary Masks 72 Setting Permissions: Permission Symbols 74 Directory Permissions 75 Ownership Permissions 77 Sticky Bit Permissions 78 Permission Defaults: umask 79 Disk Quotas 80 Quota Tools 80 edquota 81 quotacheck, quotaon, and quotaoff 83 repquota and quota 83 Lightweight Directory Access Protocol 84 LDAP Clients and Servers 84 LDAP Configuration Files 85 LDAP Tools 85 LDAP and PAM 86 LDAP and the Name Service Switch Service 87 Pluggable Authentication Modules 87 PAM Configuration Files 88 PAM Modules 88 3 Software Management 90 Software Repositories 91 Software Package Types 92 Red Hat Package Manager (RPM) 93 RPM Tools 94 RPM Packages 94 Installing from the Desktop: redhat-config-packages 95 Updating Software 97 Command-Line Installation: rpm 97 Installing Software from RPM Source Code Files: SRPMs 105 Source Code RPM Directories 106 Building the Source Code 106 Installing Software from Compressed Archives: .tar.gz 107 Decompressing Software 107 Selecting an Install Directory 108 Extracting Software 109 Compiling Software 110 Command and Program Directories: PATH 114 The Concurrent Versions System: CVS 116 Checking in and Checking out 117 Importing 118 Logging Messages 118 Committing Changes 119 Updating, Adding, and Removing CVS Files 119 Internet CVS Repositories 120 Packaging Your Software with RPM 121 The Build Components 122 Build Tree Directories 123 RPM Spec File 124 RPM Build Operation 127 4 Filesystem Hierarchy Standard 130 Root Directory: / 131 System Directories 132 Program Directories 133 Configuration Directories and Files 134 /usr Directory 134 /mnt Directory 135 /home Directory 135 /var Directory 135 /proc File System 137 Device Files: /dev 138 Floppy Devices 140 Hard Disk Devices 140 CD-ROM Devices 140 5 File System Administration 142 File Systems 143 Mounting File Systems 144 File System Information 145 Journaling 147 ext3 Journaling 148 ReiserFS 148 Mounting File Systems Automatically: /etc/fstab 149 Auto Mounts 150 mount Options 150 Boot and Disk Check 153 CD-ROM and Floppy Defaults 154 Partition Labels: e2label 154 Windows Partitions 155 Linux Kernel Interfaces 155 noauto 156 Mounting File Systems Directly: mount and umount 157 mount Command 158 unmount Command 159 Mounting Floppy Disks 160 Mounting CD-ROMs 161 Mounting Hard Drive Partitions: Linux and Windows 163 Installing IDE CD-R/RW and DVD-R/RW Devices 164 SCSI Emulation 164 Kernel Parameters at Boot Time 165 Grub and CD Writers 165 scanbus 166 Creating File Systems: mkfs, mke2fs, mkswap, parted, and fdisk 167 fdisk 167 parted 169 mkfs 170 mkswap 172 CD-ROM Recording 173 mkisofs 173 cdrecord 176 Backups 176 Anacron 177 Amanda 177 6 RAID and LVM 178 Enabling RAID and LVM in the Kernel 178 Configuring RAID Devices 179 Linux Software RAID Levels 180 RAID Devices: md 182 Corresponding Hard Disk Partitions 182 Booting from a RAID Device 184 Automatic Detection: Persistent Superblocks 185 RAID Tools 185 Creating and Installing RAID Devices 186 RAID Example 192 Logical Volume Manager 193 LVM Structure 194 Creating LVMs with Disk Druid 195 LVM Tools 196 LVM Example 198 7 Devices and Modules 200 Device Files 200 Device Symbolic Links 201 Hardware Device Installation: Kudzu 202 Creating Device Files Manually 203 Device Information: /proc and /etc/sysconfig/hwconf 205 Installing and Managing Terminals and Modems 206 Serial Ports 207 mingetty, mgetty, and agetty 207 termcap and inittab Files 208 tset 208 Input Devices 209 Installing Sound, Network, and Other Cards 209 Sound Devices 210 Video, TV, and DVD Devices 211 Modules 212 Kernel Module Tools 212 Module Files and Directories 213 Managing Modules with /etc/modules.conf 214 Installing New Modules for the Kernel 218 8 Print Servers 220 CUPS and LPRng 220 Printer Devices and Configuration 221 Printer Device Files 222 Spool Directories 222 Printer Configuration with redhat-config-printer 222 Configuring a New Printer 223 Editing Printer Configurations 224 Configuring Network Printers 224 Managing Printers with CUPS 225 CUPS Configuration Tool 226 Configuring Remote Printers on CUPS 227 CUPS Printer Classes 228 CUPS Configuration 229 CUPS Command-line Print Clients 230 CUPS Administrative Tools 233 The Line Printer Server: LPRng 235 LPRng Print Clients 236 printcap File 236 Configuring lpd 238 LPRng Print Clients 240 9 Kernel Administration 242 Kernel Versions 242 Kernel Tuning: Kernel Runtime Parameters 244 Installing a New Kernel Version 246 Red Hat Kernel Packages 247 CPU Kernel Packages 247 Support Packages 248 Installing Kernel Packages: /boot 248 Precautionary Steps for Modifying a Kernel of the Same Version 251 Boot Loader 252 Boot Disk 253 Compiling the Kernel from Source Code 253 Installing Kernel Sources: Kernel Archives and Patches 254 Configuring the Kernel 255 Important Kernel Configuration Features 257 Compiling and Installing the Kernel 260 Installing the Kernel Image Manually 262 Kernel Boot Disks 263 Boot Loader Configurations 264 GRUB Configurations 265 LILO Configurations 265 Module RAM Disks 266 A Service Management Tools: chkconfig and redhat-config-services 268 redhat-config-services 269 chkconfig 269 Listing Services with chkconfig 270 Starting and Stopping Services with chkconfig 271 Enabling and Disabling xinetd Services with chkconfig 272 Adding and Removing Services with chkconfig 272 Index 274 Team DDU 1

Your On-the-Job Quick Reference

Carry essential Red Hat Linux administration and troubleshooting information right in your back pocket so you can handle a wide variety of tasks on-the-spot. This handy resource covers key management topics, with an emphasis on system administration, and gives you quick solutions in an easy-to-find format. Don't leave your desk without it!

Get details on:

• Managing and securing users and groups
• Installing software and building RPM packages
• Using the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)
• Mounting, formatting, and configuring file systems
• Managing multiple hard disks with RAID and LVM
• Device files and modules
• Print servers (CUPS and LPRng)
• Kernel administration
• Scheduling tasks and managing services

;Red Hat Linux Pocket Administrator КНИГИ ; ОС и БД Авторы: Richard Petersen, Ibrahim HaddadИздательство: McGraw-Hill CompaniesГод: 2003Страниц: 256Язык: английскийФормат: pdfРазмер: 1.1 МбThe uthors start this Red Hat Linux themed guide with a chapter on basic system administration, mostly containing the information especially interesting to Linux beginners. Topics covered throughout this section vary from an introduction to the root user, over setup and usage of cron, to the tools used for analyzing the currently running system processes. 0 This handy resource offers busy network administrators clear and concise information for daily on-the-job tasks--all in a portable format. Key management tasks are presented in logically organized sections, with special emphasis on system administration. Youll get details on file, print, application, mail, terminal, streaming media, and remote servers--and much more.