River Mechanics

Publisher Description (unedited publisher data) Counter This textbook offers a thorough analysis of rivers from upland areas to oceans. It scrutinizes select methods underlining both theory and engineering applications, emphasizing the mechanics of flood wave propagation and sediment transport in rivers. The text covers fundamental principles, engineering analysis, and engineering design, with problems, examples, and case studies throughout. Channel stability and river dynamics are examined in terms of river morphology, lateral migration, aggradation, and degradation. Detailed treatments of riverbank stabilization and engineering methods are provided, while separate chapters cover physical and mathematical models. This essential text presents both the theory and design of measures to reduce flood impact and bank erosion, to improve navigation, and to increase water supply to cities and irrigation canals. Over 100 exercises and nearly twenty case studies make this book an invaluable learning tool for students, and researchers and practitioners will find it a concise resource on the mechanics of rivers Cover......Page 1 Half-title......Page 3 Title......Page 5 Copyright......Page 6 Dedication......Page 7 Contents......Page 9 Preface......Page 13 Symbols......Page 15 Greek Symbols......Page 20 Subscripts......Page 22 1 Introduction to river mechanics......Page 23 2.1 Dimensions and units......Page 31 2.2 Properties of water......Page 32 2.3 Properties of sediment......Page 35 2.3.1 Single particle......Page 37 2.3.2 Sediment mixture......Page 39 2.3.3 Sediment suspension......Page 40 2.4 River flow kinematics......Page 44 2.5 Conservation of mass......Page 46 2.6 Equations of motion......Page 47 2.7 Hydraulic and energy grade lines......Page 49 3.1 River-basin characteristics......Page 53 3.2 Rainfall precipitation......Page 57 3.3 Interception and infiltration......Page 68 3.4 Excess rainfall......Page 73 3.5.1 Resistance to overland flow......Page 75 3.5.2 Stage–discharge relationship......Page 78 3.5.3 Overland-flow hydrographs......Page 80 3.5.4 Snowmelt runoff......Page 83 3.6 Upland-erosion losses......Page 85 3.6.1 Soil loss from a single event......Page 86 3.6.2 Expected soil loss......Page 87 3.6.3 Universal soil-loss equation......Page 88 3.7.1 Soil-erosion losses from large watersheds......Page 94 3.7.2 Sediment yield from large watersheds......Page 96 4.1 Steady river flow......Page 101 4.1.1 At-a-station hydraulic geometry......Page 103 4.1.2 Steady-uniform river flow......Page 110 4.2.1 Momentum equations for steady flow......Page 119 4.2.2 Rapidly varied converging river flow......Page 125 4.2.3 Gradually varied river flow......Page 129 4.3.1 Equilibrium sediment transport......Page 133 4.3.2 Riverbed aggradation and degradation......Page 136 5.1.1 General continuity formulation......Page 144 5.1.2 Two-dimensional continuity for rivers......Page 146 5.1.3 One-dimensional continuity for rivers......Page 147 5.2.1 Two-dimensional momentum for rivers......Page 148 5.2.2 One-dimensional momentum for rivers......Page 150 5.3 River floodwaves......Page 152 5.4 Loop-rating curves......Page 158 5.5 River flood routing......Page 161 5.6 River flow and sediment-duration curves......Page 164 5.6.1 Parameter evaluation......Page 166 5.6.2 Practical considerations......Page 170 6.1 Particle stability......Page 180 6.2 Channel stability......Page 185 6.3 Regime relationships......Page 187 6.4 Equilibrium in river bends......Page 188 6.5 Downstream hydraulic geometry......Page 192 6.6 Bars in alluvial rivers......Page 199 6.7 River meandering......Page 201 6.8 Lateral river migration......Page 206 7.1 River dynamics......Page 221 7.2 Riverbed degradation......Page 226 7.2.1 Incised rivers......Page 227 7.2.2 Riverbed armoring......Page 230 7.3.1 Braided rivers......Page 236 7.3.2 Alluvial fans and deltas......Page 241 7.4 River confluences and branches......Page 243 7.5 River databases......Page 248 8.1.1 Bank-erosion processes......Page 256 8.1.2 Slope reduction and benching......Page 259 8.2 Riverbank riprap revetment......Page 260 8.2.1 Shear-stress method......Page 262 8.2.2 Velocity method......Page 265 8.2.3 Riprap gradation......Page 267 8.2.4 Filters......Page 269 8.2.5 Preventing riprap failure......Page 272 8.3.1 Vegetation......Page 275 8.3.2 Windrows and trenches......Page 278 8.3.3 Sacks and blocks......Page 279 8.3.4 Gabions and mattresses......Page 280 8.3.5 Articulated concrete mattresses......Page 282 8.3.6 Soil–cement......Page 283 8.3.7 Retaining walls......Page 284 8.4.1 Hardpoints......Page 289 8.4.2 Spurs or groynes......Page 290 8.4.3 Guidebanks......Page 292 8.4.4 Retards......Page 293 8.4.5 Dikes......Page 294 8.4.6 Jetties......Page 297 8.4.7 Fences......Page 298 8.4.9 Bendway weirs......Page 299 8.4.10 Drop structures......Page 302 8.5 Riverbank engineering......Page 304 9.1.1 Reservoirs......Page 308 9.1.2 Floodways......Page 309 9.1.4 Levees......Page 310 9.2.1 River closure and diversion......Page 319 9.2.2 Jet scour......Page 322 9.2.3 Cofferdams......Page 325 9.3 Canal headworks......Page 328 9.3.1 Sediment exclusion......Page 329 9.3.2 Sediment ejection......Page 330 9.4.1 General scour......Page 332 9.4.2 Contraction scour......Page 333 9.4.3 Abutment scour......Page 334 9.4.4 Pier scour......Page 335 9.5 Navigation waterways......Page 338 9.5.1 Navigation requirements......Page 339 9.5.2 Waterway alignment and cutoffs......Page 340 9.5.3 Locks and dams......Page 345 9.6 Dredging......Page 347 10.1 Hydraulic similitude......Page 356 10.2.1 Exact Froude similitude......Page 359 10.2.2 Froude similitude for tilted river models......Page 362 10.3 Mobile-bed river models......Page 364 10.3.1 Complete mobile-bed similitude......Page 365 10.3.2 Incomplete mobile-bed similitude......Page 367 11 Mathematical river models......Page 374 11.1 Finite-difference approximations......Page 375 11.1.1 Consistency and convergence......Page 378 11.1.2 Linear stability analysis......Page 379 11.1.3 Higher-order approximations......Page 382 11.1.4 Boundary conditions......Page 384 11.2.1 Explicit scheme......Page 387 11.2.2 Leonard scheme......Page 390 11.2.3 MacCormack scheme......Page 394 11.2.4 Preissmann scheme......Page 395 11.2.5 Aggradation–degradation scheme......Page 397 11.3 Multidimensional river models......Page 398 12.1 Surface waves......Page 407 12.1.1 Wave celerity......Page 409 12.1.2 Displacement and velocity......Page 412 12.1.3 Wave energy......Page 413 12.1.4 Group velocity......Page 415 12.1.5 Wave power......Page 416 12.1.6 Wind waves......Page 417 12.2 Tides in river estuaries......Page 418 12.2.1 Coriolis acceleration......Page 419 12.2.2 Tidal accelerations......Page 421 12.2.3 Tide amplitude and propagation......Page 422 12.3 Saline wedges in river estuaries......Page 423 Bibliography......Page 431 Index......Page 449

This textbook offers a thorough analysis of rivers from upland areas to oceans. Julien scrutinizes select methods underlining both theory and engineering applications, emphasizing the mechanics of flood wave propagation and sediment transport in rivers. Chapters provide detailed treatments of riverbank stabilization and engineering methods and cover physical and mathematical models. Together, they elucidate measures to reduce flood impact and bank erosion, improve navigation, and increase water supply to cities and irrigation canals. More than 100 exercises and nearly twenty case studies make this book an invaluable learning tool for students. Hardback ISBN (2002): 0-521-56284-8

In a comprehensive analysis of rivers, this text scrutinizes select methods underlining both theory and engineering applications, emphasizing the mechanics of flood wave propagation and sediment transport. It covers fundamental principles, engineering analysis, and engineering design, with problems, examples, and case studies. For advanced students, researchers, and practitioners. "This textbook offers a thorough mechanical analysis of rivers from upland areas to oceans. It scrutinizes state-of-the-art methods, underlining both theory and engineering applications."--Page [iv] de couv