Robbins & Kumar Basic Pathology. (Robbins Pathology)

Readable, well-illustrated, and concise, Robbins and Kumar’s Basic Pathology, 11th Edition, offers today’s busy students a rich understanding of all essential pathology concepts from trusted names in the field. This updated edition thoroughly covers key pathologic processes and the time-honored tools of gross and microscopic analysis, while also retaining a strong emphasis on clinicopathologic correlations and the impact of molecular pathology on the practice of medicine. Outstanding artwork and schematic drawings, as well as a robust eBook experience with extensive additional features, make complex concepts easier to learn and retain. Includes fully updated clinical topics throughout. Features high-quality photomicrographs, gross photos, and radiologic images, as well as new artwork and over 150 new schematic diagrams that help summarize key or complex disease mechanisms. Contains a new Rapid Review section that uses bulleted summary boxes to deliver essential take-home messages and help you focus on the fundamentals. Includes tables of relevant laboratory tests for each chapter that link pathophysiology of disease and diagnostic testing. Highlights pathogenesis, morphology, and pathophysiologic content throughout. Features increased representation of diverse populations throughout the text, including clinical photographs of skin lesions in multiple skin types and a new section on the role of socially defined race in health disparities. An eBook version is included with purchase. The eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures and references, with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud―as well as access bonus content, including case studies, additional gross and microscopic figures, and more. Front Cover IFC ROBBINS & KUMAR BASIC PATHOLOGY ROBBINS & KUMAR BASIC PATHOLOGY Copyright Dedication Preface Acknowledgments Online Resources for Instructors and Students Table of Contents 1 - Cell Injury, Cell Death, and Adaptations INTRODUCTION TO PATHOLOGY OVERVIEW OF CELLULAR RESPONSES TO STRESS AND NOXIOUS STIMULI CAUSES OF CELL INJURY SEQUENCE OF EVENTS IN CELL INJURY AND CELL DEATH Reversible Cell Injury Cell Death Necrosis Morphologic Patterns of Tissue Necrosis Apoptosis Causes of Apoptosis Mechanisms of Apoptosis Autophagy MECHANISMS OF CELL INJURY AND CELL DEATH Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Damage Oxidative Stress Generation and Removal of Reactive Oxygen Species Cell Injury Caused by Reactive Oxygen Species Membrane Damage Disturbance in Calcium Homeostasis Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress DNA Damage Clinicopathologic Examples of Cell Injury and Necrosis Hypoxia and Ischemia Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Cell Injury Caused by Toxins CELLULAR ADAPTATIONS TO STRESS Hypertrophy Hyperplasia Atrophy Metaplasia INTRACELLULAR AND EXTRACELLULAR DEPOSITIONS Intracellular Accumulations Extracellular Deposits: Pathologic Calcification CELLULAR AGING RAPID REVIEW Patterns of Cell Injury and Cell Death Mechanisms of Cell Injury Cellular Adaptations to Stress Abnormal Intracellular Depositions and Calcifications Cellular Aging 2 - Inflammation and Repair GENERAL FEATURES OF INFLAMMATION CAUSES OF INFLAMMATION RECOGNITION OF MICROBES AND DAMAGED CELLS ACUTE INFLAMMATION Vascular Reactions in Acute Inflammation Leukocyte Recruitment to Sites of Inflammation Phagocytosis and Clearance of the Offending Agent Phagocytosis Intracellular Destruction of Microbes and Debris Reactive Oxygen Species Nitric Oxide Leukocyte Granule Contents Leukocyte-Mediated Tissue Injury MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION Vasoactive Amines: Histamine and Serotonin Arachidonic Acid Metabolites Prostaglandins Leukotrienes Other Arachidonic Acid-Derived Mediators Pharmacologic Inhibitors of Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes Cytokines and Chemokines Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and Interleukin-1 (IL-1) Chemokines Other Cytokines in Acute Inflammation Complement System Other Mediators of Inflammation MORPHOLOGIC PATTERNS OF ACUTE INFLAMMATION Serous Inflammation Fibrinous Inflammation Purulent (Suppurative) Inflammation, Abscess Ulcers OUTCOMES OF ACUTE INFLAMMATION CHRONIC INFLAMMATION Causes of Chronic Inflammation Morphologic Features Cells and Mediators of Chronic Inflammation Role of Macrophages Role of Lymphocytes Other Cells in Chronic Inflammation Granulomatous Inflammation SYSTEMIC EFFECTS OF INFLAMMATION TISSUE REPAIR Cell and Tissue Regeneration Liver Regeneration Repair by Scarring Steps in Scar Formation Angiogenesis Activation of Fibroblasts and Deposition of Connective Tissue Remodeling of Connective Tissue Factors That Interfere With Tissue Repair Clinical Examples of Abnormal Wound Healing and Scarring Defects in Healing: Chronic Wounds Excessive Scarring Fibrosis in Parenchymal Organs RAPID REVIEW General Features and Causes of Inflammation Vascular Reactions in Acute Inflammation Leukocyte Recruitment to Sites of Inflammation Leukocyte Activation and Removal of Offending Agents Mediators of Inflammation Morphologic Patterns of Inflammation Chronic Inflammation Systemic Effects of Inflammation Repair by Regeneration Repair by Scar Formation Clinicopathologic Aspects of Tissue Repair 3 - Hemodynamic Disorders, Thromboembolism, and Shock HYPEREMIA AND CONGESTION EDEMA Increased Hydrostatic Pressure Reduced Plasma Osmotic Pressure Lymphatic Obstruction Sodium and Water Retention Clinical Features HEMORRHAGE HEMOSTASIS AND THROMBOSIS Hemostasis Platelets Coagulation Factors Factors That Limit Coagulation Endothelium Thrombosis Endothelial Injury Abnormal Blood Flow Hypercoagulability Fates of Thrombi Clinical Features Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) EMBOLISM Pulmonary Thromboembolism Systemic Thromboembolism Fat Embolism Amniotic Fluid Embolism Air Embolism INFARCTION Factors That Influence Infarct Development SHOCK Pathogenesis of Septic Shock Stages of Shock Clinical Features RAPID REVIEW Edema Hemostasis Thrombosis Embolism Infarction Shock 4 - Genetic and Pediatric Diseases THE GENOME Protein-Coding and Noncoding DNA Epigenetic Changes Micro-RNA and Long Noncoding RNA Gene Editing GENETIC DISEASES NATURE OF GENETIC ABNORMALITIES CONTRIBUTING TO HUMAN DISEASE Mutations in Protein-Coding Genes Alterations in Protein-Coding Genes Other Than Mutations MENDELIAN DISORDERS: DISEASES CAUSED BY MUTATIONS IN SINGLE GENES Transmission Patterns of Single-Gene Disorders Disorders of Autosomal Dominant Inheritance Disorders of Autosomal Recessive Inheritance X-Linked Disorders Diseases Caused by Mutations in Genes Encoding Structural Proteins Marfan Syndrome Pathogenesis Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes Diseases Caused by Mutations in Genes Encoding Receptor Proteins or Channels Familial Hypercholesterolemia Normal Cholesterol Metabolism Pathogenesis Clinical Features Cystic Fibrosis Pathogenesis Clinical Features Diseases Caused by Mutations in Genes Encoding Enzymes Phenylketonuria (PKU) Pathogenesis Galactosemia Lysosomal Storage Diseases Tay-Sachs Disease (GM2 Gangliosidosis: Hexosaminidase α-Subunit Deficiency) Pathogenesis Niemann-Pick Disease Types A and B Niemann-Pick Disease Type C Gaucher Disease Mucopolysaccharidoses Glycogen Storage Diseases (Glycogenoses) COMPLEX MULTIGENIC DISORDERS CYTOGENETIC DISORDERS Numeric Abnormalities Structural Abnormalities General Features of Chromosomal Disorders Cytogenetic Disorders Involving Autosomes Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome) 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Cytogenetic Disorders Involving Sex Chromosomes Klinefelter Syndrome Clinical Features Turner Syndrome Clinical Features Pathogenesis SINGLE-GENE DISORDERS WITH ATYPICAL PATTERNS OF INHERITANCE Triplet Repeat Mutations Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) Pathogenesis Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome and Fragile X-Associated Primary Ovarian Failure Pathogenesis Diseases Caused by Mutations in Mitochondrial Genes Diseases Caused by Alterations of Imprinted Regions: Prader-Willi and Angelman Syndromes bksec3_18 Pathogenesis PEDIATRIC DISEASES CONGENITAL ANOMALIES Outline placeholder bksec3_19 Etiology Pathogenesis PERINATAL INFECTIONS PREMATURITY AND FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION Prematurity Fetal Growth Restriction NEONATAL RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME bksec2_21 bksec3_20 Pathogenesis Clinical Features NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS Outline placeholder bksec3_21 Pathogenesis Clinical Features SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME (SIDS) Outline placeholder bksec3_22 Pathogenesis FETAL HYDROPS Immune Hydrops Nonimmune Hydrops bksec3_23 Clinical Features TUMORS AND TUMORLIKE LESIONS OF INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD Benign Neoplasms Malignant Neoplasms Neuroblastoma Clinical Features Retinoblastoma Wilms Tumor Clinical Features MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS OF GENETIC DISORDERS Indications for Genetic Analysis Molecular Tests and Their Application Tests That Detect Structural Abnormalities of Chromosomes Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Liquid Biopsy Tests That Detect Mutations in Single Genes RAPID REVIEW Transmission Patterns of Single-Gene Disorders Marfan Syndrome Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes Familial Hypercholesterolemia Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Phenylketonuria Galactosemia Lysosomal Storage Diseases Glycogen Storage Diseases Cytogenetic Disorders Involving Autosomes Cytogenetic Disorders Involving Sex Chromosomes Fragile X Syndrome, Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome, and Fragile X-Associated Primary Ovarian Failure Genomic Imprinting Congenital Anomalies Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Fetal Hydrops Neuroblastoma Wilms Tumor 5 - Diseases of the Immune System THE NORMAL IMMUNE RESPONSE Innate Immunity Receptors of Innate Immunity Toll-Like Receptors NOD-Like Receptors and the Inflammasome Other Receptors for Microbial Products Reactions of Innate Immunity Adaptive Immunity CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Outline placeholder T Lymphocytes Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules: The Peptide Display System of Adaptive Immunity B Lymphocytes Natural Killer Cells Antigen-Presenting Cells Dendritic Cells Other Antigen-Presenting Cells Lymphoid Tissues Secondary Lymphoid Organs Cytokines: Messenger Molecules of the Immune System OVERVIEW OF LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSES Capture and Display of Antigens Cell-Mediated Immunity: Activation of T Lymphocytes and Elimination of Intracellular Microbes Humoral Immunity: Activation of B Lymphocytes and Elimination of Extracellular Microbes Decline of Immune Responses and Immunologic Memory HYPERSENSITIVITY: IMMUNOLOGICALLY MEDIATED TISSUE INJURY Causes of Hypersensitivity Reactions Classification of Hypersensitivity Reactions Immediate (Type I) Hypersensitivity Sequence of Events in Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions Development of Allergies Clinical and Pathologic Manifestations of Allergic Diseases Antibody-Mediated Diseases (Type II Hypersensitivity) Mechanisms of Antibody-Mediated Diseases Immune Complex-Mediated Diseases (Type III Hypersensitivity) Pathogenesis Formation of Immune Complexes Deposition of Immune Complexes Inflammation and Tissue Injury Systemic Immune Complex Disease Local Immune Complex Disease (Arthus Reaction) T Cell-Mediated Diseases (Type IV Hypersensitivity) CD4+ T Cell-Mediated Inflammation Clinical Examples of CD4+ T Cell-Mediated Inflammatory Reactions CD8+ T Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES Immunologic Tolerance Mechanisms of Autoimmunity: General Principles Genetic Factors in Autoimmunity Role of Infections, Tissue Injury, and Other Environmental Factors Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Spectrum of Autoantibodies in SLE Antinuclear Antibodies (ANAs) Other Autoantibodies Pathogenesis Genetic Factors Environmental Factors Immunologic Factors A Model for the Pathogenesis of SLE Mechanisms of Tissue Injury Clinical Features Chronic Discoid Lupus Erythematosus and Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Drug-Induced Lupus Erythematosus Rheumatoid Arthritis and Related Disorders SjOgren Syndrome Pathogenesis Clinical Features Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) Pathogenesis Clinical Features Inflammatory Myopathies Mixed Connective Tissue Disease Polyarteritis Nodosa and Other Vasculitides IgG4-Related Disease IMMUNOLOGY OF TRANSPLANTATION Recognition and Rejection of Allografts Recognition of Graft Alloantigens Mechanisms of Graft Rejection Methods of Increasing Graft Survival Transplantation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells Graft-Versus-Host Disease IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROMES Primary (Congenital) Immunodeficiencies Severe Combined Immunodeficiency X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia DiGeorge Syndrome (Thymic Hypoplasia) Hyper-IgM Syndrome Common Variable Immunodeficiency Isolated IgA Deficiency Other Defects in Lymphocyte Activation Immunodeficiencies Associated With Systemic Diseases Defects in Innate Immunity Defects in Leukocyte Function Deficiencies Affecting the Complement System Secondary (Acquired) Immunodeficiencies ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME Epidemiology Properties of HIV Structure of HIV Pathogenesis of HIV Infection and AIDS Life Cycle of HIV Infection of Cells by HIV Viral Replication Mechanism of T-Cell Depletion in HIV Infection HIV Infection of Non-T Immune Cells Pathogenesis of Central Nervous System Involvement Natural History and Course of HIV Infection Clinical Features of AIDS Opportunistic Infections Tumors Kaposi Sarcoma Lymphomas Other Tumors Central Nervous System Disease Effect of Antiretroviral Drug Therapy on the Course of HIV Infection AMYLOIDOSIS Pathogenesis of Amyloid Deposition Classification of Amyloidosis and Mechanisms of Amyloid Formation Primary Amyloidosis: Plasma Cell Proliferations Associated With Amyloidosis Reactive Systemic Amyloidosis Heredofamilial Amyloidosis Localized Amyloidosis Endocrine Amyloid Amyloid of Aging Clinical Features RAPID REVIEW The Normal Immune Response Immediate (Type I) Hypersensitivity (Allergy) Diseases Caused by Antibodies and Immune Complexes (Types II and III Hypersensitivity) T Cell-Mediated Hypersensitivity Reactions (Type IV Hypersensitivity) Autoimmunity Systemic Lupus Erythematosus SjOgren Syndrome Systemic Sclerosis Immunology of Transplantation Primary (Inherited) Immune Deficiency Diseases Human Immunodeficiency Virus Life Cycle and the Pathogenesis of AIDS Clinical Course and Complications of HIV Infection Amyloidosis 6 - Neoplasia NOMENCLATURE Benign Tumors Malignant Tumors CHARACTERISTICS OF BENIGN AND MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS Differentiation and Anaplasia Local Invasion Metastasis EPIDEMIOLOGY Cancer Incidence Environmental Factors Age and Cancer Acquired Predisposing Conditions Interactions Between Environmental and Genetic Factors CANCER GENES GENETIC LESIONS IN CANCER Driver and Passenger Mutations Point Mutations Gene Rearrangements Deletions Gene Amplifications Aneuploidy MicroRNAs and Cancer Epigenetic Modifications and Cancer CARCINOGENESIS: A MULTISTEP PROCESS HALLMARKS OF CANCER Self-Sufficiency in Growth Signals Growth Factors Growth Factor Receptors Downstream Signal-Transducing Proteins RAS ABL Nuclear Transcription Factors MYC Control of the Cell Cycle Cyclins, Cyclin-Dependent Kinases, and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors Dysregulation of the Cell Cycle in Cancer Cells Insensitivity to Growth Inhibitory Signals: Tumor Suppressor Genes RB: Governor of the Cell Cycle TP53: Guardian of the Genome Other Growth Inhibitors Altered Cellular Metabolism Autophagy Oncometabolism Evasion of Cell Death Limitless Replicative Potential (Immortality) Sustained Angiogenesis Invasion and Metastasis Invasion of Extracellular Matrix Vascular Dissemination and Homing of Tumor Cells Metastasis Evasion of Immune Surveillance Tumor Antigens Effective Immune Responses to Tumor Antigens Immune Evasion by Cancers Genomic Instability as an Enabler of Malignancy Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer Syndrome Xeroderma Pigmentosum Diseases Caused by Defects in Repair of DNA by Homologous Recombination Genomic Instability Caused by DNA Polymerase Mutations Regulated Genomic Instability in Lymphoid Cells Tumor-Promoting Inflammation as an Enabler of Malignancy ETIOLOGY OF CANCER: CARCINOGENIC AGENTS Chemical Carcinogens Direct-Acting Agents Indirect-Acting Agents Mechanisms of Action of Chemical Carcinogens Radiation Carcinogenesis Viral and Microbial Oncogenesis Oncogenic RNA Viruses Oncogenic DNA Viruses Human Papillomavirus Epstein-Barr Virus Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Viruses Helicobacter pylori CLINICAL ASPECTS OF NEOPLASIA Effects of Tumor on the Host Cancer Cachexia Paraneoplastic Syndromes Grading and Staging of Cancer Laboratory Diagnosis of Cancer Morphologic Methods Tumor Markers Molecular Diagnosis Molecular Profiling of Tumors RAPID REVIEW Benign and Malignant Tumors Epidemiology of Cancer Genetic Lesions in Cancer Self-Sufficiency in Growth Signals RB: Governor of the Cell Cycle TP53: Guardian of the Genome TGF-β, Contact Inhibition, and APC-β-Catenin Pathways Altered Cellular Metabolism Evasion of Apoptosis Limitless Replicative Potential (Immortality) Sustained Angiogenesis Invasion and Metastasis Evasion of Immune Surveillance Genomic Instability as an Enabler of Malignancy Chemical and Radiation Carcinogenesis Infections Associated With Cancer Clinical Aspects of Tumors Laboratory Diagnosis of Cancer 7 - Environmental and Nutritional Diseases HEALTH DISPARITIES HEALTH EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TOXICITY OF CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL AGENTS ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION Air Pollution Outdoor Air Pollution Indoor Air Pollution Metals as Environmental Pollutants Lead Mercury Arsenic Cadmium Industrial and Agricultural Exposures EFFECTS OF TOBACCO EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL INJURY CAUSED BY THERAPEUTIC DRUGS AND NONPRESCRIBED SUBSTANCES Injury by Therapeutic Drugs: Adverse Drug Reactions Menopausal Hormone Therapy Combined Hormonal Contraception Acetaminophen Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid) Injury Due to Nontherapeutic Use of Substances Psychostimulants Opioids Cannabis Hallucinogens INJURY BY PHYSICAL AGENTS Mechanical Trauma Thermal Injury Thermal Burns Hyperthermia Hypothermia Electrical Injury Injury Caused by Ionizing Radiation Main Determinants of the Biologic Effects of Ionizing Radiation DNA Damage and Carcinogenesis Fibrosis Effects on Organ Systems Total-Body Irradiation NUTRITIONAL DISEASES Malnutrition Severe Acute Malnutrition Marasmus Kwashiorkor Secondary Malnutrition Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa Vitamin Deficiencies and Toxicity Vitamin A bksec4_1 Metabolism Function Deficiency States Toxicity Vitamin D bksec4_2 Metabolism Functions Deficiency States Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) bksec4_3 Function Deficiency States Toxicity Obesity Leptin Adiponectin Other Mediators Gut Hormones The Role of the Gut Microbiome Clinical Consequences of Obesity Obesity and Cancer Diet and Systemic Diseases Diet and Cancer RAPID REVIEW Environmental Diseases and Environmental Pollution Toxic Effects of Heavy Metals Health Effects of Tobacco Alcohol-Metabolism and Health Effects Injury by Therapeutic Drugs and Nontherapeutic Agents Radiation Injury Nutritional Diseases Obesity 8 - Blood Vessels STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF BLOOD VESSELS Organization of Blood Vessels CONGENITAL ANOMALIES BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION HYPERTENSIVE VASCULAR DISEASE Epidemiology of Hypertension Pathogenesis of Primary Hypertension ARTERIOSCLEROSIS ATHEROSCLEROSIS Outline placeholder Epidemiology Constitutional Risk Factors Modifiable Major Risk Factors Additional Risk Factors Pathogenesis Endothelial Injury Hemodynamic Disturbances Lipids Inflammation SMC Proliferation and Matrix Synthesis Consequences of Atherosclerosis Atherosclerotic Stenosis Acute Plaque Change ANEURYSMS AND DISSECTIONS bksec2_5 bksec3_8 Pathogenesis Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm bksec3_9 Clinical Features Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Aortic Dissection bksec3_10 Pathogenesis Clinical Features VASCULITIS Noninfectious Vasculitis Immune Complex-Associated Vasculitis Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies Antiendothelial Cell Antibodies and Autoreactive T Cells Large Vessel Vasculitis Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis Pathogenesis Clinical Features Takayasu Arteritis Clinical Features Medium Vessel Vasculitis Polyarteritis Nodosa Clinical Features Kawasaki Disease Clinical Features Small Vessel Vasculitis Microscopic Polyangiitis Clinical Features Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis Clinical Features Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss Syndrome) Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease) bksec3_21 Clinical Features Infectious Vasculitis DISORDERS OF BLOOD VESSEL HYPERREACTIVITY Raynaud Phenomenon VEINS AND LYMPHATICS Varicose Veins of the Extremities bksec3_22 Clinical Features Varicosities of Other Sites Thrombophlebitis and Phlebothrombosis Superior and Inferior Vena Cava Syndromes Lymphangitis and Lymphedema TUMORS Benign Tumors and Tumorlike Conditions Vascular Ectasias Hemangiomas Lymphangiomas Glomus Tumors (Glomangiomas) Bacillary Angiomatosis Intermediate-Grade (Borderline) Tumors Kaposi Sarcoma Pathogenesis Clinical Features Malignant Tumors Angiosarcomas RAPID REVIEW Structure and Function of Blood Vessels Blood Pressure Regulation Hypertension Atherosclerosis Aneurysms and Dissections Vasculitis Vascular Tumors 9 - Heart OVERVIEW OF HEART DISEASE HEART FAILURE Left-Sided Heart Failure bksec3_1 Clinical Features Right-Sided Heart Failure bksec3_2 Clinical Features CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE bksec2_3 bksec3_3 Pathogenesis Clinical Features Malformations Associated With Left-to-Right Shunts Atrial Septal Defect and Patent Foramen Ovale Clinical Features Ventricular Septal Defect Clinical Features Patent Ductus Arteriosus Clinical Features Malformations Associated With Right-to-Left Shunts Tetralogy of Fallot Clinical Features Transposition of the Great Arteries Clinical Features Malformations Associated With Obstructive Lesions Aortic Coarctation Clinical Features ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE Epidemiology Pathogenesis of Ischemic Heart Disease Chronic Vascular Occlusion Acute Plaque Change Angina Pectoris Myocardial Infarction bksec3_12 Pathogenesis Coronary Artery Occlusion Myocardial Response to Ischemia Patterns of Infarction Infarct Modification by Reperfusion Clinical Features Consequences and Complications of Myocardial Infarction Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease ARRHYTHMIAS Sudden Cardiac Death HYPERTENSIVE HEART DISEASE Systemic (Left-Sided) Hypertensive Heart Disease bksec3_18 Clinical Features Pulmonary Hypertensive Heart Disease: Cor Pulmonale VALVULAR HEART DISEASE Degenerative Valve Disease Calcific Aortic Stenosis Clinical Features Mitral Valve Prolapse (Myxomatous Mitral Valve) Clinical Features Rheumatic Valvular Disease bksec3_21 Pathogenesis Clinical Features Infective Endocarditis bksec3_22 Pathogenesis Clinical Features Noninfected Vegetations Nonbacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis Endocarditis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Libman-Sacks Endocarditis CARDIOMYOPATHIES Dilated Cardiomyopathy bksec3_25 Pathogenesis Clinical Features Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy bksec3_26 Pathogenesis Clinical Features Restrictive Cardiomyopathy MYOCARDITIS Outline placeholder bksec3_27 Pathogenesis Clinical Features Other Causes of Myocardial Disease Cardiotoxic Drugs Catecholamines PERICARDIAL DISEASE Pericardial Effusion and Hemopericardium Pericarditis bksec3_30 Clinical Features CARDIAC TUMORS Primary Neoplasms bksec3_31 Clinical Features Cardiac Effects of Noncardiac Neoplasms Carcinoid Heart Disease Pathogenesis CARDIAC TRANSPLANTATION RAPID REVIEW Heart Failure Congenital Heart Disease Ischemic Heart Disease Arrhythmias Hypertensive Heart Disease Valvular Heart Disease Cardiomyopathies and Myocarditis 10 - Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Systems RED CELL DISORDERS ANEMIA OF BLOOD LOSS: HEMORRHAGE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA Hereditary Spherocytosis Pathogenesis Clinical Features Sickle Cell Anemia Pathogenesis Clinical Features Thalassemia Pathogenesis β-Thalassemia α-Thalassemia Clinical Features Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Pathogenesis Clinical Features Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Immunohemolytic Anemia Warm Antibody Immunohemolytic Anemia Cold Antibody Immunohemolytic Anemia Pathogenesis Mechanical Hemolysis Malaria Pathogenesis Clinical Features ANEMIA OF DIMINISHED ERYTHROPOIESIS Iron Deficiency Anemia Pathogenesis Clinical Features Anemia of Chronic Inflammation Pathogenesis Clinical Features Megaloblastic Anemias Pathogenesis Folate (Folic Acid) Deficiency Anemia Pathogenesis Clinical Features Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency Anemia Pathogenesis Clinical Features Aplastic Anemia Pathogenesis Clinical Features Myelophthisic Anemia POLYCYTHEMIA WHITE CELL DISORDERS NONNEOPLASTIC DISORDERS OF WHITE CELLS Leukopenia Neutropenia/Agranulocytosis Pathogenesis Clinical Features Reactive Leukocytosis Infectious Mononucleosis Pathogenesis Clinical Features Reactive Lymphadenitis Acute Nonspecific Lymphadenitis Chronic Nonspecific Lymphadenitis Cat-Scratch Disease Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) NEOPLASTIC PROLIFERATIONS OF WHITE CELLS Acute Leukemias Pathogenesis Clinical Features Myelodysplastic Syndromes Pathogenesis Clinical Features Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Pathogenesis Clinical Features Polycythemia Vera Clinical Features Primary Myelofibrosis Clinical Features Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas and Chronic Lymphoid Leukemias Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma Pathogenesis Clinical Features Follicular Lymphoma Pathogenesis Clinical Features Mantle Cell Lymphoma Pathogenesis Clinical Features Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma Pathogenesis Clinical Features Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Pathogenesis Clinical Features Burkitt Lymphoma Pathogenesis Clinical Features Miscellaneous Lymphoid Neoplasms Hairy Cell Leukemia Mycosis Fungoides and SEzary Syndrome Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma Hodgkin Lymphoma bksec3_34 Classification Pathogenesis Clinical Features Plasma Cell Neoplasms and Related Entities Multiple Myeloma Pathogenesis Clinical Features Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma Pathogenesis Clinical Features Histiocytic Neoplasms Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis BLEEDING DISORDERS DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION (DIC) Pathogenesis Clinical Features THROMBOCYTOPENIA Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Thrombotic Microangiopathies: Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome COAGULATION DISORDERS Deficiencies of Factor VIII-von Willebrand Factor Complex von Willebrand Disease Hemophilia A: Factor VIII Deficiency Hemophilia B: Factor IX Deficiency COMPLICATIONS OF TRANSFUSION Allergic Reactions Hemolytic Reactions Transfusion-Associated Circulatory Overload Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury Infectious Complications DISORDERS OF THE SPLEEN AND THYMUS SPLENOMEGALY DISORDERS OF THE THYMUS Thymic Hyperplasia Thymoma Clinical Features RAPID REVIEW Anemia Hemolytic Anemia Anemia of Diminished Erythropoiesis Acute Leukemias Myelodysplastic Syndromes Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Chronic Lymphoid Leukemias Hodgkin Lymphomas Plasma Cell Neoplasms and Related Entities Histiocytic Disorders Bleeding Disorders Complications of Transfusion Disorders of the Spleen and Thymus 11 - Lung ATELECTASIS (COLLAPSE) ACUTE LUNG INJURY AND ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME Pathogenesis Clinical Features OBSTRUCTIVE AND RESTRICTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG (AIRWAY) DISEASES Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Emphysema Pathogenesis Chronic Bronchitis Pathogenesis Clinical Features of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Emphysematous Conditions Other Than COPD Asthma Pathogenesis Atopic Asthma Nonatopic Asthma Drug-Induced Asthma Occupational Asthma Clinical Features Bronchiectasis Pathogenesis Clinical Features CHRONIC INTERSTITIAL (RESTRICTIVE, INFILTRATIVE) LUNG DISEASES Fibrosing Diseases Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (Usual Interstitial Pneumonia) Pathogenesis Clinical Features Other Fibrosing Diseases Pneumoconioses Pathogenesis Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis Clinical Features Silicosis Clinical Features Asbestos-Related Diseases Pathogenesis Clinical Features Drug- and Radiation-Induced Pulmonary Disease Granulomatous Diseases Sarcoidosis Pathogenesis Clinical Features Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Clinical Features Pulmonary Eosinophilia Smoking-Related Interstitial Diseases DISEASES OF PULMONARY VESSELS Pulmonary Embolism, Hemorrhage, and Infarction Clinical Features Pulmonary Hypertension Pathogenesis Clinical Features Diffuse Pulmonary Hemorrhage Syndromes Goodpasture Syndrome Clinical Features Granulomatosis and Polyangiitis PULMONARY INFECTIONS Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonias Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae Moraxella catarrhalis Staphylococcus aureus Klebsiella pneumoniae Pseudomonas aeruginosa Legionella pneumophila Mycoplasma pneumoniae Clinical Features Community-Acquired Viral Pneumonias Clinical Features Influenza Viruses Coronaviruses Pathogenesis Clinical Features Hospital-Acquired Pneumonias Aspiration Pneumonia Lung Abscess Clinical Features Tuberculosis Epidemiology Etiology Pathogenesis Primary Tuberculosis Secondary Tuberculosis (Reactivation Tuberculosis) Clinical Features Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease Fungal Pneumonias Epidemiology Clinical Features Pneumonia in the Immunocompromised Host Cytomegalovirus Clinical Features Pneumocystis Clinical Features Candidiasis Clinical Features Cryptococcosis Clinical Features Opportunistic Molds Clinical Features Pulmonary Disease in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection LUNG TUMORS Carcinoma Pathogenesis Clinical Features Carcinoid Tumors Clinical Features PLEURAL LESIONS Pleural Effusion and Pleuritis Pneumothorax, Hemothorax, and Chylothorax Malignant Mesothelioma Clinical Features LESIONS OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT Acute Infections Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Laryngeal Tumors Nonmalignant Lesions Carcinoma of the Larynx RAPID REVIEW Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Asthma Chronic Interstitial Lung Diseases Pneumoconioses Sarcoidosis Pulmonary Embolism (PE) Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) Tuberculosis (TB) Carcinoma of the Lung 12 - Kidney CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF RENAL DISEASES DISEASES OF GLOMERULI Mechanisms of Glomerular Injury and Disease Deposition of Circulating Immune Complexes Formation of Immune Complexes In Situ Deposition of Antiglomerular Basement Membrane Antibody Other Mechanisms of Glomerular Injury Disorders Presenting With the Nephrotic Syndrome Minimal Change Disease Pathogenesis Clinical Features Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Pathogenesis Clinical Features Membranous Nephropathy Pathogenesis Clinical Features Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis Pathogenesis Clinical Features C3 Glomerulopathy Pathogenesis Clinical Features Disorders Presenting With the Nephritic Syndrome Acute Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis Pathogenesis Clinical Features Rapidly Progressive (Crescentic) Glomerulonephritis Pathogenesis Clinical Features Lupus Nephritis Clinical Features Other Glomerular Diseases IgA Nephropathy Pathogenesis Clinical Features Hereditary Nephritis Pathogenesis Clinical Features DISEASES AFFECTING TUBULES AND INTERSTITIUM Acute Pyelonephritis bksec3_12 Pathogenesis Clinical Features Chronic Pyelonephritis bksec3_13 Pathogenesis Clinical Features Tubulointerstitial Nephritis Drug-Induced Tubulointerstitial Nephritis Pathogenesis Clinical Features Acute Tubular Injury bksec3_15 Pathogenesis Clinical Features DISEASES INVOLVING BLOOD VESSELS Hypertensive Renal Disease Pathogenesis Clinical Features Thrombotic Microangiopathies Pathogenesis Clinical Features CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE Pathogenesis Clinical Features CYSTIC DISEASES Simple Cysts Autosomal Dominant (Adult) Polycysti Readable and highly illustrated, Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 10th Edition presents an in-depth, state-of-the-art overview of human diseases and their cellular and molecular basis. This best-selling text delivers the latest, most essential pathology knowledge in a readable, interesting manner, ensuring optimal understanding of the latest basic science and clinical content. More than 1,000 high-quality photographs and full-color illustrations highlight new information in molecular biology, disease classifications, new drugs and drug therapies, and much more. This superb learning package also includes an enhanced eBook with a full complement of ancillary content on Student Consult. Provides uniquely authoritative and readable coverage, ideal for USMLE or specialty board preparation, as well as for coursework. Covers the hot topics you need to know about, including novel therapies for hepatitis C, classification of lymphomas, unfolded protein response, non-apoptotic pathways of cell death, coronavirus infections, liquid biopsy for cancer detection, regulation of iron absorption, clonal hematopoiesis and atherosclerosis, thrombotic microangiopathies, heparin-induced thrombocytopenias, inflammatory myopathies, genetic tools for treatment of cystic fibrosis, and many more. Uses an outstanding full-color, user-friendly design to simplify your study and quickly direct you to the information you need to know, with learning features such as boldface overviews at the beginning of each section, key concepts boxes, suggested readings, schematic diagrams that illustrate complex concepts, and new gross and microscopic figures for clarity of morphology. Brings you up to date with the latest information in molecular and genetic testing, mechanisms of disease, personalized medicine and its impact on treatment of human diseases, the role of microbiome and metabolome in non-communicable diseases, and much more. Provides access to a wealth of interactive ancillaries online: pathology case studies, videos, self-assessment questions, Targeted Therapy boxes that discuss drug therapy for specific diseases, interactive cases, and more. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices "Readable and highly illustrated, Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 10th Edition presents an in-depth state-of-the-art overview of human diseases and their cellular and molecular basis. This best-selling text delivers the latest, most essential pathology knowledge in a readable, interesting manner, ensuring optimal understanding of the latest basic science and clinical content. More than 1,000 high-quality photographs and full-color illustrations highlight new information in molecular biology, disease classifications new drugs and drug therapies, and much more. This superb learning package also includes an enhanced eBook with a full complement of ancillary content on Student Consult. Provides uniquely authoritative and readable coverage, ideal for USMLE or specialty board preparation, as well as for coursework ; Covers the hot topics you need to know about, including novel therapies for hepatitis C, classification of lymphomas, unfolded protein response, non-apoptotic pathways of cell death, coronavirus infections, liquid biopsy for cancer detection, regulation of iron absorption, clonal hematopoiesis and atherosclerosis, thrombotic microangiopathies, heparin-induced thrombocytopenias, inflammatory myopathies, genetic tools for treatment of cystic fibrosis, and many more ; Uses an outstanding full-color, user-friendly design to simplify your study and quickly direct you to the information you need to know, with learning features such as boldface overviews at the beginning of each section, key concepts boxes, suggested readings, schematic diagrams that illustrate complex concepts, and new gross and microscopic figures for clarity of morphology ; Brings you up-to-date with the latest information in molecular and genetic testing, mechanisms of disease, personalized medicine and its impact on treatment of human diseases, the role of microbiome and metabolome in non-communicable diseases, and much more ; Provides access to a wealth of interactive ancillaries online: pathology case studies, videos, self-assessment questions, targeted therapy boxes that discuss drug therapy for specific diseases, and more." -- Page 4 de la couverture "Readable and highly illustrated 'Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease' 10th Edition presents an in-depth state-of-the-art overview of human diseases and their cellular and molecular basis. This best-selling text delivers the latest most essential pathology knowledge in a readable interesting manner ensuring optimal understanding of the latest basic science and clinical content. More than 1 000 high-quality photographs and full-color illustrations highlight new information in molecular biology disease classifications new drugs and drug therapies and much more. . Key Features - Provides uniquely authoritative and readable coverage, ideal for USMLE or specialty board preparation, as well as for coursework. - Covers the hot topics you need to know about, including novel therapies for hepatitis C, classification of lymphomas, unfolded protein response, non-apoptotic pathways of cell death, coronavirus infections, liquid biopsy for cancer detection, regulation of iron absorption, clonal hematopoiesis and atherosclerosis, thrombotic microangiopathies, heparin-induced thrombocytopenias, inflammatory myopathies, genetic tools for treatment of cystic fibrosis, and many more. - Uses an outstanding full-color, user-friendly design to simplify your study and quickly direct you to the information you need to know, with learning features such as boldface overviews at the beginning of each section, key concepts boxes, suggested readings, schematic diagrams that illustrate complex concepts, and new gross and microscopic figures for clarity of morphology. - Brings you up to date with the latest information in molecular and genetic testing, mechanisms of disease, personalized medicine and its impact on treatment of human diseases, the role of microbiome and metabolome in non-communicable diseases, and much more. - Provides access to a wealth of interactive ancillaries online: pathology case studies, videos, self-assessment questions, Targeted Therapy boxes that discuss drug therapy for specific diseases, interactive cases, and more." -- back cover The newest addition to the highly regarded Robbins family of pathology references, Robbins Essential Pathology is a concise resource that covers the core knowledge needed for coursework and exams in an integrated, multimedia format designed for today's students. Ideal for use with an integrated medical curriculum, this easy-to-study multimedia package provides reliable Robbins content in a concentrated, highly efficient format, now fully integrated with interactive digital resources (cases, MCQs, images). Efficient, effective, and up to date, this new Robbins learning resource delivers the essential information you need to obtain a strong scientific foundation in pathology. The most concise Robbins text available, providing high-quality content and a case-based approach in a focused, multimedia learning package for coursework and exam preparation. Focuses on the core knowledge of disease mechanisms and essential clinical aspects that medical students need to know. Features more than 500 images and tables that illustrate key disorders and concepts. Includes Student Consult access which features the full contents of the book, plus exclusive integrated digital learning tools : Interactive cases and images that reinforce clinical application of core concepts Therapy boxes that describe new advances in medical therapeutics and support your transition to practice Self-assessment questions to help you evaluate your progress, with links to the Essentials text Searchable glossary of terms