Smart Computing with Open Source Platforms

Focuses on the concept of open source prototyping and product development and designing sensor networks and covers IoT base applications This book will serves as a single source of introductory material and reference for programming smart computing and Internet of Things (IoT) devices using Arduino with the use of Python It covers number of comprehensive DIY experiments through which the reader can design various intelligent systems -- Provided by publisher Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Preface Acknowledgment Authors Introduction 1. Introduction to Open Source Hardware 1.1 Open Source Hardware Concept 1.2 Arduino Ecosystem and Its Types 1.3 Features of Arduino Hardware 1.4 Features of Arduino Software 1.5 How to Set Up 1.6 Arduino DUE Environment 1.7 Arduino Development Community and Social Coding 1.8 Concepts Covered in This Chapter References 2. Arduino Hardware 2.1 System Architecture 2.2 Microcontroller 2.2.1 Power Unit 2.2.2 Digital I/O of Arduino 2.2.3 ADC Inputs 2.2.4 Peripherals in Arduino 2.2.5 Detailed Board Configuration 2.3 Arduino Interrupts 2.3.1 Comparison Register 2.4 Peripheral Devices and Interfacing 2.4.1 Arduino TFT Interfacing 2.4.2 Using the Library 2.4.3 Using the Arduino Esplora and the TFT Library 2.4.4 Similarities in Processing 2.5 Concepts Covered in This Chapter References 3. Data Types, Operators, and Expressions 3.1 Primitive Data Types 3.1.1 Integer 3.1.2 Byte 3.1.3 Other Types of int 3.1.4 Integer Constant 3.1.5 Characters 3.1.6 Floating Point Data 3.1.7 Array and String in Arduino 3.1.8 Strings 3.2 User-Defined Data Types 3.3 Declaration of a Variable 3.4 Operators 3.5 Precedence and Associativity 3.6 Concepts Covered in This Chapter References 4. Functions in Arduino 4.1 setup() and loop() Functions 4.2 User-Defined Functions 4.3 Recursive Function Calls 4.4 Library 4.4.1 EEPROM Library 4.4.1.1 read() 4.4.1.2 write() 4.4.1.3 put() 4.4.1.4 get() 4.4.1.5 update() 4.4.2 Firmata Library 4.5 Concepts Covered in This Chapter References 5. Conditional Statements 5.1 If-Else Conditional Statements 5.1.1 Else 5.1.2 If-Else-If Ladder 5.2 Switch-Case Statement 5.3 Loops in Arduino 5.3.1 For loop 5.4 While and Do-While Loops 5.4.1 While Loop 5.4.2 Do-While Loop 5.5 loop() in Arduino 5.6 Concepts Covered in This Chapter References 6. Arduino Input Systems 6.1 pinMode() Function 6.2 INPUT and INPUT_PULLUP Configuration 6.3 digitalRead() Function 6.4 analogRead() Function 6.5 Inputs for Firmata Library 6.6 Input Device Interfacing 6.6.1 Input Pin Properties 6.7 Concepts Covered in This Chapter References 7. Arduino Output Systems 7.1 digitalWrite() Function 7.2 analogWrite() Function 7.2.1 Operation 7.2.2 PWM details 7.2.3 ATmega PWM Access 7.3 An Input–Output Example 7.4 Concepts Covered in This Chapter References 8. Arduino with Processing 8.1 Overview of Processing Language 8.1.1 General Overview 8.1.2 Processing Software 8.2 Code Structure 8.2.1 Processing Code 8.2.2 Drawing the Objects 8.3 Libraries and Functions 8.3.1 Serial Library 8.4 Visualization of an LDR Output 8.5 Interaction with Arduino and Firmata 8.6 Mouse Handling in Processing 8.7 Colors in Processing 8.8 Concepts Covered in This Chapter References 9. Real-Life Code Examples 9.1 Automated Rail Gate Control 9.1.1 Stepwise Procedure 9.1.2 Circuit Diagram 9.2 Arduino-Based Heartrate Monitoring System 9.2.1 Working Methodology 9.3 Arduino-Based LPG Detector System 9.3.1 Working Principle 9.4 Conclusion 9.5 Concepts Covered in This Chapter References 10. Introduction to Python Language 10.1 Features of Python Language 10.2 Python Versions 10.3 Python Installation 10.3.1 Detailed Installation Procedure in Windows 10.3.2 Installing Python in Ubuntu Linux 10.3.3 Installation of Python Using the Source in Ubuntu 10.4 Writing Some Basic Programs 10.5 Installation Using pip 10.6 Concepts Covered in This Chapter References 11. Operators, Variables, and Expressions 11.1 Operators in Python 11.1.1 Arithmetic Operators 11.1.2 Comparison Operators 11.1.3 Logical Operators 11.1.4 Bitwise Operators 11.1.5 Identity Operators in Python 11.1.6 Membership Operators 11.1.7 Assignment Operators 11.2 Clearing the Screen of the Console 11.3 Concepts Covered in This Chapter References 12. Decision-Making and Control Flow 12.1 if Statement 12.2 If-elif-else Ladder 12.2.1 Ladder Representation 12.2.2 Ternary Operator 12.3 Loops in Python 12.3.1 while Loop 12.3.2 for Loop 12.3.3 Nested Loops 12.3.4 Odd Loops 12.3.5 break and continue Statements 12.4 Concepts Covered in This Chapter References 13. Functions in Python 13.1 Standard Rule of Definition 13.2 Function Invocation 13.2.1 Invocation Methodology 13.2.2 Argument Passing Mechanisms 13.3 Keyword Argument Concept 13.4 Lambda Function 13.5 Modules in Python 13.5.1 from Statement 13.5.2 dir() Function 13.6 Package in Python 13.7 reload(), global(), and local() 13.8 Concepts Covered in This Chapter References 14. More Examples of Modules and Functions with APIs 14.1 Accessing CSV Files 14.1.1 Reading CSV Data 14.1.2 Loading CSV Using Pandas 14.2 Parsing JSON Data 14.3 Working with MongoDB 14.4 MongoDB Client Management Tools 14.5 Concepts Covered in This Chapter References 15. Implementation of Data Structures 15.1 Lists in Python 15.1.1 Updating and Deleting List Elements 15.1.2 Fundamental List Operation 15.2 Tuples in Python 15.3 Dictionary Structure 15.4 Sorting of Data Structures 15.5 Date and Time in Python 15.6 Strings in Python 15.7 Concepts Covered in This Chapter References 16. Object-Oriented Programming in Python 16.1 Class in Python 16.2 Constructor 16.3 Creation of Methods in Class 16.4 Polymorphism in Python 16.5 Inheritance Concept 16.6 Method Overriding Concept 16.7 Concepts Covered in This Chapter References 17. Input and Output in Python 17.1 input() and raw_input() Functions 17.2 File Input/Output 17.3 Attributes of the File Object 17.4 close() Operation 17.5 Reading and Writing a File 17.6 tell() Method 17.7 seek() Method 17.8 Command-Line Argument in Python 17.9 Concepts Covered in This Chapter References 18. Exception Handling in Python 18.1 Syntax Error vs. Exception 18.2 Handling Exception 18.2.1 Try-Except Technique 18.2.2 Use of elseStatement 18.2.3 finallyBlock 18.3 Concepts Covered in This Chapter References 19. Graphical User Interface in Python 19.1 Introduction to Tkinter 19.2 Core Component Classes 19.2.1 Button Widget 19.2.2 Canvas Widget 19.2.3 CheckButton Widget 19.2.4 Entry Widget 19.2.5 Frame Widget 19.2.6 LabelFrame Widget 19.2.7 Listbox and Menu Widgets 19.2.7.1 Listbox 19.2.7.2 Menu Widgets 19.2.8 Radio Button 19.3 Concepts Covered in This Chapter References 20. Python API Modules for Machine Learning and Arduino 20.1 Installation of the Package 20.2 SciPy and NumPy Packages 20.2.1 Creation of Shapes 20.2.2 Copy Operation in NumPy 20.3 Introduction to Matplotlib 20.3.1 Core Components 20.3.2 Line Properties 20.3.3 Multiple Plot Representation 20.4 Overview of SciPy 20.5 Machine Learning Tools 20.6 Arduino API for Python 20.6.1 Arduino Prototyping API 20.6.2 Nanpy API 20.6.3 Nanpy Installation 20.7 Concepts Covered in This Chapter References 21. More on Machine Learning API 21.1 scikit-learn 21.1.1 Supervised Learning 21.1.2 Support Vector Machine Classifier 21.1.3 Implementation of SVM in Python 21.1.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of SVM 21.1.5 Artificial Neural Networks 21.1.6 Activation Function 21.1.7 ANN Implementation Using Python API 21.2 Deep Learning Tools 21.2.1 Convolutional Neural Network and Recurrent Neural Network 21.2.1.1 Convolutional Neural Network 21.2.1.2 Recurrent Neural Network 21.2.2 Tensor Flow API for Deep Learning 21.2.3 The PyTorch API 21.2.4 PyTorch Installation 21.2.5 PyTorch Tensor Implementation 21.3 Concepts Covered in This Chapter References 22. Conclusion 22.1 Illustrations of Chapters 1 and 2 22.2 Illustrations of Chapters 3–5 22.3 Illustrations of Chapters 6–9 22.4 Illustrations of Chapters 10–21 22.5 Future Scope & Enhancement of This Book 22.5.1 The Final Wrap-Ups Frequently Asked Questions Index Introduction Chapter 1: Introduction to Open Source Hardware Open source Hardware concept Arduino Ecosystem and types Feature of Arduino Hardware Feature of Arduino Software How to setup Arduino development community and social coding Concept covered in this chapter Chapter 2: Arduino Hardware 2.1 System Architecture 2.2 The Microcontrollers 2.3 Arduino Interrupts 2.4 Peripheral Device Interfacing 2.5 Concept covered in this chapter Chapter3: Data types, Operators and Expressions 3.1 Primitive data types 3.2 User defined data types 3.3 Declaration of variable 3.4 Operators 3.5 Precedence and Associativity 3.6 Concept covered in this chapter Chapter 4: Functions in Arduino 4.1 'setup ()' and 'loop ()' functions 4.2 user defined functions 4.3 recursive function calls 4.4 Library 4.5 Concept covered in this chapter Chapter 5: Conditional statements 5.1 'if-else' conditional statements 5.2 'switch-case' statement 5.3 Loops in Arduino 5.4 while() and do-while() 5.5 'loop()' in Arduino 5.6 Concept covered in this chapter Chapter 6: Arduino Input Systems 6.1 'pinMode()' function 6.2 INPUT and INPUT_PULLUP configuration 6.3 'digitalRead()' function 6.4 'analogRead()' function 6.5 Inputs for Firmata Library 6.6 Input device interfacing 6.7 Concept covered in this chapter Chapter 7: Arduino Output Systems 7.1 'digitalWrite()' function 7.2 'analogWrite()' function 7.3 An Input Output example 7.4 Concept Covered in this chapter Chapter 8: Arduino with Processing 8.1 Overview of Processing Language 8.2 Code Structure 8.3 Libraries and Functions 8.4 Visualization of LDR output 8.5 Interaction with Arduino and Firmata 8.6 Mouse handling in processing 8.7 Colors in processing 8.8 Concept covered in this chapter Chapter 9: Real life Code Examples 9.1 Automated Rail Gate Control 9.2 Arduino based heart rate monitoring system 9.3 LPG Leakage Detectors 9.4 Conclusion 9.5 Concept covered in this chapter Chapter 10: Introduction to Python language 10.1 Features of Python language 10.2 Python Versions Python Installation Writing some basic programs Installation using pip 10.6 Concept covered in this chapter Chapter 11: Operators, variable and expressions 11.1 Operators in Python 11.1.7 Assignment Operator 11.2 Clearing the screen of console 11.3 Concept covered in this chapter Chapter 12: Decision and control flow 12.1 'if' statement 12.2 'if elif else' ladder= 12.3 Loops in Python 12.4 Concept covered in this chapter Chapter 13: Functions in Python 13.1 Standard rule of definition 13.2 Function invocation 13.3 Keyword argument concept 13.4 Lambda function 13.5 Modules in Python 13.6 Package in Python 13.7 reload(), global() and local() 13.8 Concept covered in this chapter Chapter 14: More Examples on Modules and Functions with APIs 14.1 Accessing .CSV file 14.2 Parsing JSON data 14.3 Working with MongoDB 14.4 MongoDB client Management Tools 14.5 Concept Covered in this chapter Chapter 15: Implementation of Data Structures 15.1 List in Python 15.2 Tuples in Python 15.3 Dictionary structure 15.4 Sorting of the data structure 15.5 Date and Time in Python 15.6 Strings in Python 15.7 Concept covered in this chapter Chapter 16: Object Oriented Programming in Python 16.1 Classes in Python 16.2 Constructor 16.3 Creation of methods in class 16.4 Polymorphism in Python 16.5 Inheritance concept 16.6 Method overriding concept 16.7 Concept covered in this chapter Chapter 17: Input and Output in Python 17.1 Using input and raw_input function 17.2 File input output 17.3 attributes of file objects 17.4 close() operation 17.5 Reading and Writing a file 17.6 the tell() method 17.7 seek method 17.8 Command line argument in Python 17.9 Concept covered in this chapter Chapter 18: Exception Handling in Python 18.1 Syntax error vs exception 18.2 Handling Exception 18.3 Concept covered in this chapter Chapter19: Graphical User Interface in Python 19.1 Introduction to TkInter 19.2 Core component classes 19.3 Concept covered in this chapter Chapter20: Python API for Machine Learning and Arduino 20.1 Installation of the packages 20.2 SciPy and NumPy packages 20.3 Introduction to Matplotlib 20.4 Overview of SciPy 20.5 Machine learning tools 20.6 Arduino API for Python 20.7 Concept covered in this chapter Chapter21: More on Machine Learning API 21.1 Scikit Learn 21.2 Deep learning tools 21.3 Concept covered in this chapter Chapter 22: Conclusion 22.1 Chapters 1 & 2 Illustration 22.2 Chapter 3, 4 and 5 illustration 22.3 Chapters 6 to 9 22.4 Chapters 10 to 21 22.5 Future scope and enhancement of the book Frequently Asked Questions References