The C++ Programming Language (3rd Edition)

More than 500,000 programmers have benefited from previous editions! This is a complete rewrite of the most widely read and most trusted book on C++. Based on the ANSI/ISO C++ final draft, this book covers the C++ language, its standard library, and key design techniques as an integrated whole. The C++ Programming Language provides comprehensive coverage of C++ language features and standard library components. For example, it includes complete coverage of abstract classes as interfaces, class hierarchies for object-oriented programming, templates as the basis for type-safe generic software, exceptions for regular error handling, namespaces for modularity in large-scale software, run-time type identification for loosely coupled systems, the C subset of C++ for C compatibility and system-level work, standard containers and algorithms, and standard strings, I/O streams, and numerics. With this third edition, Stroustrup makes C++ even more accessible to those new to the language while adding information and techniques that even expert C++ programmers will find invaluable. A web page to support the book can be found at http://www.awl.com/cp/stroustrup3e Topic......Page 1 Contents......Page 3 Preface to the First Edition......Page 5 Preface......Page 9 Preface to the Second Edition......Page 7 Part 0 Introduction......Page 11 1.1 The Structure of This Book [notes.intro]......Page 13 1.2 Learning C++......Page 16 1.3 The Design of C++......Page 17 1.4 Historical Note......Page 20 1.5 Use of C++......Page 22 1.6 C and C++......Page 23 1.7 Thinking about Programming in C++......Page 25 1.8 Advice......Page 26 2.1 What is C++?......Page 30 2.2 Programming Paradigms......Page 31 2.3 Procedural Programming......Page 32 2.4 Modular Programming......Page 35 2.5 Data Abstraction......Page 39 2.6 ObjectOriented Programming......Page 46 2.7 Generic Programming......Page 49 2.9 Advice......Page 52 3.1 Introduction......Page 53 3.3 The Standard Library Namespace......Page 54 3.4 Output......Page 55 3.5 Strings......Page 56 3.6 Input......Page 58 3.7 Containers......Page 60 3.8 Algorithms......Page 64 3.9 Math......Page 72 3.10 Standard Library Facilities......Page 73 3.11 Advice......Page 74 Part 1 Basic Facilities......Page 75 4.1 Types......Page 76 4.3 Character Types......Page 78 4.4 Integer Types......Page 80 4.6 Sizes [......Page 81 4.8 Enumerations......Page 83 4.9 Declarations......Page 85 4.11 Exercises......Page 92 5.1 Pointers......Page 94 5.2 Arrays......Page 95 5.3 Pointers into Arrays......Page 98 5.4 Constants......Page 101 5.5 References......Page 104 5.6 Pointer to Void......Page 107 5.7 Structures......Page 108 5.8 Advice......Page 111 5.9 Exercises......Page 112 6.1 A Desk Calculator......Page 113 6.2 Operator Summary......Page 125 6.3 Statement Summary......Page 138 6.4 Comments and Indentation......Page 144 6.5 Advice......Page 145 6.6 Exercises......Page 146 7.1 Function Declarations......Page 149 7.2 Argument Passing......Page 151 7.3 Value Return......Page 154 7.4 Overloaded Function Names......Page 155 7.5 Default Arguments......Page 159 7.6 Unspecified Number of Arguments......Page 160 7.7 Pointer to Function......Page 162 7.8 Macros......Page 166 7.10 Exercises......Page 169 8.1 Modularization and Interfaces......Page 171 8.2 Namespaces......Page 173 8.3 Exceptions......Page 192 8.5 Exercises......Page 200 9.1 Separate Compilation......Page 202 9.2 Linkage......Page 203 9.3 Using Header Files......Page 213 9.4 Programs......Page 222 9.6 Exercises......Page 224 Part 2 Abstraction Mechanisms......Page 226 10.1 Introduction......Page 228 10.2 Classes......Page 229 10.3 Efficient User Defined Types......Page 241 10.4 Objects......Page 247 10.5 Advice......Page 262 10.6 Exercises......Page 263 11.1 Introduction......Page 265 11.2 Operator Functions......Page 266 11.3 A Complex Number Type......Page 271 11.4 Conversion Operators......Page 278 11.5 Friends......Page 282 11.6 Large Objects......Page 286 11.7 Essential Operators......Page 287 11.8 Subscripting......Page 290 11.9 Function Call......Page 291 11.10 Dereferencing......Page 293 11.11 Increment and Decrement......Page 295 11.12 A String Class......Page 296 11.13 Advice......Page 301 11.14 Exercises......Page 302 12.1 Introduction......Page 305 12.2 Derived Classes......Page 306 12.3 Abstract Classes......Page 317 12.4 Design of Class Hierarchies......Page 318 12.6 Advice......Page 328 12.7 Exercises......Page 329 13.1 Introduction......Page 331 13.2 A Simple String Template......Page 332 13.3 Function Templates......Page 338 13.4 Using Template Arguments to Specify Policy......Page 342 13.5 Specialization......Page 345 13.6 Derivation and Templates......Page 349 13.7 Source Code Organization......Page 354 13.8 Advice......Page 356 13.9 Exercises......Page 357 14.1 Error Handling......Page 359 14.2 Grouping of Exceptions......Page 362 14.3 Catching Exceptions......Page 365 14.4 Resource Management......Page 368 14.5 Exceptions That Are Not Errors......Page 378 14.6 Exception Specifications......Page 379 14.7 Uncaught Exceptions......Page 384 14.8 Exceptions and Efficiency......Page 385 14.9 ErrorHandling Alternatives......Page 387 14.10 Standard Exceptions......Page 388 14.11 Advice......Page 390 14.12 Exercises......Page 391 15.1 Introduction and Overview......Page 393 15.2 Multiple Inheritance......Page 394 15.3 Access Control......Page 406 15.4 RunTime Type Information......Page 411 15.5 Pointers to Members......Page 422 15.6 Free Store......Page 425 15.8 Exercises......Page 429 Part 3 The Standard Library......Page 431 16.1 Standard Library Design......Page 432 16.2 Container Design......Page 437 16.3 Vector......Page 445 16.5 Exercises......Page 462 17.1 Standard Containers......Page 464 17.2 Sequences......Page 472 17.3 Sequence Adapters......Page 478 17.4 Associative Containers......Page 483 17.5 Almost Containers......Page 494 17.6 Defining a New Container......Page 500 17.8 Exercises......Page 507 18.1 Introduction......Page 510 18.2 Overview of Standard Library Algorithms......Page 511 18.3 Sequences and Containers......Page 515 18.4 Function Objects......Page 517 18.5 Nonmodifying Sequence Algorithms......Page 526 18.6 Modifying Sequence Algorithms......Page 532 18.7 Sorted Sequences......Page 542 18.8 Heaps......Page 546 18.9 Min and Max......Page 547 18.10 Permutations......Page 548 18.12 Advice......Page 549 18.13 Exercises......Page 550 19.1 Introduction......Page 552 19.2 Iterators and Sequences......Page 553 19.3 Checked Iterators......Page 564 19.4 Allocators......Page 570 19.5 Advice......Page 580 19.6 Exercises......Page 581 20.1 Introduction......Page 582 20.2 Characters......Page 583 20.3 Basic_string......Page 585 20.4 The C Standard Library......Page 602 20.5 Advice......Page 604 21.1 Introduction......Page 607 21.2 Output......Page 609 21.3 Input......Page 615 21.4 Formatting......Page 627 21.5 File Streams and String Streams......Page 639 21.6 Buffering......Page 644 21.7 Locale......Page 651 21.8 C Input/Output......Page 653 21.9 Advice......Page 656 21.10 Exercises......Page 657 22.1 Introduction......Page 659 22.2 Numeric Limits......Page 660 22.3 Standard Mathematical Functions......Page 662 22.4 Vector Arithmetic......Page 664 22.5 Complex Arithmetic......Page 681 22.6 Generalized Numeric Algorithms......Page 684 22.7 Random Numbers......Page 687 22.8 Advice......Page 688 22.9 Exercises......Page 689 Part 4 Design Using C+ +......Page 690 23.1 Overview......Page 692 23.2 Introduction......Page 693 23.3 Aims and Means......Page 695 23.4 The Development Process......Page 697 23.5 Management......Page 714 23.6 Annotated Bibliography......Page 720 23.7 Advice......Page 722 24.1 Overview......Page 724 24.2 Design and Programming Language......Page 725 24.3 Classes......Page 733 24.4 Components......Page 756 24.5 Advice......Page 764 25.1 Kinds of Classes......Page 766 25.2 Concrete Types......Page 767 25.3 Abstract Types......Page 770 25.4 Node Classes......Page 773 25.5 Actions......Page 777 25.6 Interface Classes......Page 779 25.7 Handle Classes......Page 783 25.8 Application Frameworks......Page 787 25.10 Exercises......Page 789 Appendices and Index......Page 791 A.2 Keywords......Page 792 A.3 Lexical Conventions......Page 793 A.5 Expressions......Page 797 A.6 Statements......Page 801 A.7 Declarations......Page 802 A.8 Classes......Page 807 A.9 Templates......Page 810 A.10 Exception Handling......Page 811 A.11 Preprocessing Directives......Page 812 B.1 Introduction......Page 814 B.2 C/C++ Compatibility......Page 815 B.3 Coping with Older C++ Implementations......Page 819 C.2 The Standard......Page 825 C.3 Character Sets......Page 827 C.4 Types of Integer Literals......Page 830 C.6 Implicit Type Conversion......Page 831 C.7 Multidimensional Arrays......Page 834 C.8 Saving Space......Page 838 C.9 Memory Management......Page 841 C.10 Namespaces......Page 845 C.11 Access Control......Page 847 C.12 Pointers to Data Members......Page 851 C.13 Templates......Page 852 C.14 Advice......Page 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This Is A Complete Rewrite Of The Most Widely Read And Most Trusted Book On C++. Based On The Ansi/iso C++ Final Draft, This Book Covers The C++ Language, Its Standard Library, And Key Design Techniques As An Integrated Whole. The C++ Programming Language Provides Comprehensive Coverage Of C++ Language Features And Standard Library Components. With This Third Edition, Stroustrup Makes C++ Even More Accessible To Those New To The Language While Adding Information And Techniques That Even Expert C++ Programmers Will Find Invaluable.--jacket. 1. Notes To The Reader -- 2. A Tour Of C++ -- 3. A Tour Of The Standard Library -- 4. Types And Declarations -- 5. Pointers, Arrays And Structures -- 6. Expressions And Statements -- 7. Functions -- 8. Namespaces And Exceptions -- 9. Sourcefiles And Programs -- 10. Classes -- 11. Operator Overloading -- 12. Derived Classes -- 13. Templates -- 14. Exceptional Handling -- 15. Class Hierarchies -- 16. Library Organization And Containers -- 17. Standard Containers -- 18. Algorithms And Function Objects -- 19. Iterators And Allocators -- 20. Strings -- 21. Streams -- 22. Numerics -- 23. Development And Design -- 24. Design And Programming -- 25. Roles Of Classes -- A. The C++ Grammar -- B. Compatibility -- C. Technicalities -- Index. Bjarne Stroustrup. Includes Index. Computational logic is a fast-growing field with applications in artificial intelligence, constraint solving, and the design and verification of software and hardware systems. Written with graduate and advanced undergraduate students in mind, this textbook introduces computational logic from the foundations of first-order logic to state-of-the-art decision procedures for arithmetic, data structures, and combination theories. This textbook also presents a logical approach to engineering correct software. The increasing ubiquity of computers makes implementing correct systems more important than ever. Verification exercises develop the reader's facility in specifying and verifying software using logic. The treatment of verification concludes with an introduction to the static analysis of software, an important component of modern verification systems. For readers interested in learning more about computational logic, decision procedures, verification, and other areas of formal methods, the final chapter outlines courses of further study. Written with graduate and advanced undergraduate students in mind, this textbook introduces computational logic from the foundations of first-order logic to state-of-the-art decision procedures for arithmetic, data structures, and combination theories. The textbook also presents a logical approach to engineering correct software. Verification exercises are given to develop the reader's facility in specifying and verifying software using logic. The treatment of verification concludes with an introduction to the static analysis of software, an important component of modern verification systems. The final chapter outlines courses of further study. "This is a complete rewrite of the most widely read and most trusted book on C++. Based on the ANSI/ISO C++ final draft, this book covers the C++ language, its standard library, and key design techniques as an integrated whole." "The C++ Programming Language provides comprehensive coverage of C++ language features and standard library components.". "With this third edition, Stroustrup makes C++ even more accessible to those new to the language while adding information and techniques that even expert C++ programmers will find invaluable."--BOOK JACKET. The most widely read and trusted guide to the C++ language, standard library, and design techniques includes significant new updates and two new appendices on internationalization and Standard Library technicalities. It is the only book with authoritative, accessible coverage of every major element of ISO/ANSI Standard C++. A new chapter on digital workflow has been included and even more information added regarding digital photography while still retaining coverage for film camera users to widen the audience appeal. All the core basics are featured, as well as invaluable scanner and printing techniques The C++ Programming tome, written by the father of C++ himself, Bjarne Stroustrup. The premier book on the subject of C++ Programming.