The Essential R Reference

An essential library of basic commands you can copy and paste into R The powerful and open-source statistical programming language R is rapidly growing in popularity, but it requires that you type in commands at the keyboard rather than use a mouse, so you have to learn the language of R. But there is a shortcut, and that's where this unique book comes in. A companion book to Visualize This: The FlowingData Guide to Design, Visualization, and Statistics, this practical reference is a library of basic R commands that you can copy and paste into R to perform many types of statistical analyses. Whether you're in technology, science, medicine, business, or engineering, you can quickly turn to your topic in this handy book and find the commands you need. Comprehensive command reference for the R programming language and a companion book to Visualize This: The FlowingData Guide to Design, Visualization, and Statistics Combines elements of a dictionary, glossary, and thesaurus for the R language Provides easy accessibility to the commands you need, by topic, which you can cut and paste into R as needed Covers getting, saving, examining, and manipulating data; statistical test and math; and all the things you can do with graphs Also includes a collection of utilities that you'll find useful Simplify the complex statistical R programming language with The Essential R Reference.. The Essential R Reference......Page 1 About the Author......Page 9 Acknowledgments......Page 13 Contents......Page 15 Introduction......Page 17 Theme 1: Data......Page 25 Types of Data......Page 27 Altering Data Types......Page 40 Testing Data Types......Page 42 Creating Data from the Keyboard......Page 46 Adding to Existing Data......Page 53 Importing Data from Text Files......Page 63 Importing Data from Data Files......Page 70 Saving Data......Page 73 Saving Data as a Text File to Disk......Page 74 Saving Data as a Data File to Disk......Page 83 Listing Data......Page 85 Data Object Properties......Page 98 Selecting and Sampling Data......Page 131 Sorting and Rearranging Data......Page 141 Summary Statistics......Page 145 Summary Tables......Page 160 Distribution of Data......Page 170 Density Functions......Page 172 Probability Functions......Page 176 Quantile Functions......Page 182 Random Numbers......Page 185 Theme 2: Math and Statistics......Page 191 Math......Page 193 Logic......Page 212 Complex Numbers......Page 218 Trigonometry......Page 226 Matrix Math......Page 230 Simple Summary Stats......Page 247 Tests of Distribution......Page 259 Differences Tests......Page 264 Parametric Tests......Page 265 Non-parametric......Page 276 Correlation......Page 291 Association and Goodness of Fit......Page 299 Analysis of Variance and Linear Modeling......Page 307 ANOVA......Page 308 Linear Modeling......Page 324 Miscellaneous Methods......Page 341 Clustering......Page 342 Ordination......Page 348 Time Series......Page 355 Non-linear Modeling and Optimization......Page 357 Theme 3: Graphics......Page 371 Making Graphs......Page 372 Types of Graphs......Page 373 Saving Graphs......Page 413 Adding Data......Page 422 Adding Lines......Page 428 Adding Shapes......Page 440 Adding Text......Page 446 Adding Legends......Page 456 Graphical Parameters......Page 460 Using the par Command......Page 461 Altering Color......Page 463 Altering Axis Parameters......Page 470 Altering Text Parameters......Page 477 Altering Line (and Box) Parameters......Page 480 Altering Plot Margins......Page 483 Altering the Graph Window......Page 486 Theme 4: Utilities......Page 499 Install......Page 500 Installing Packages......Page 501 Using the Program......Page 504 Additional Packages......Page 510 Programming......Page 514 Managing Functions......Page 515 Saving and Running Scripts......Page 522 Conditional Control......Page 526 Returning Results......Page 531 Error Trapping......Page 549 Constants......Page 551 Index......Page 553 The Essential R Reference 1 About the Author 9 Acknowledgments 13 Contents 15 Introduction 17 Theme 1: Data 25 Data Types 27 Types of Data 27 Altering Data Types 40 Testing Data Types 42 Creating Data 46 Creating Data from the Keyboard 46 Creating Data from the Clipboard 53 Adding to Existing Data 53 Importing Data 63 Importing Data from Text Files 63 Importing Data from Data Files 70 Saving Data 73 Saving Data as a Text File to Disk 74 Saving Data as a Data File to Disk 83 Viewing Data 85 Listing Data 85 Data Object Properties 98 Selecting and Sampling Data 131 Sorting and Rearranging Data 141 Summarizing Data 145 Summary Statistics 145 Summary Tables 160 Distribution of Data 170 Density Functions 172 Probability Functions 176 Quantile Functions 182 Random Numbers 185 Theme 2: Math and Statistics 191 Mathematical Operations 193 Math 193 Logic 212 Complex Numbers 218 Trigonometry 226 Hyperbolic Functions 230 Matrix Math 230 Summary Statistics 247 Simple Summary Stats 247 Tests of Distribution 259 Differences Tests 264 Parametric Tests 265 Non-parametric 276 Correlations and Associations 291 Correlation 291 Association and Goodness of Fit 299 Analysis of Variance and Linear Modeling 307 ANOVA 308 Linear Modeling 324 Miscellaneous Methods 341 Clustering 342 Ordination 348 Time Series 355 Non-linear Modeling and Optimization 357 Theme 3: Graphics 371 Making Graphs 372 Types of Graphs 373 Saving Graphs 413 Adding to Graphs 422 Adding Data 422 Adding Lines 428 Adding Shapes 440 Adding Text 446 Adding Legends 456 Graphical Parameters 460 Using the par Command 461 Altering Color 463 Altering Axis Parameters 470 Altering Text Parameters 477 Altering Line (and Box) Parameters 480 Altering Plot Margins 483 Altering the Graph Window 486 Theme 4: Utilities 499 Install 500 Installing R 501 Installing Packages 501 Using R 504 Using the Program 504 Additional Packages 510 Programming 514 Managing Functions 515 Saving and Running Scripts 522 Conditional Control 526 Returning Results 531 Error Trapping 549 Constants 551 Index 553

An essential library of basic commands you can copy and paste into R

The powerful and open-source statistical programming language R is rapidly growing in popularity, but it requires that you type in commands at the keyboard rather than use a mouse, so you have to learn the language of R. But there is a shortcut, and that's where this unique book comes in. A companion book to Visualize This: The FlowingData Guide to Design, Visualization, and Statistics, this practical reference is a library of basic R commands that you can copy and paste into R to perform many types of statistical analyses.

Whether you're in technology, science, medicine, business, or engineering, you can quickly turn to your topic in this handy book and find the commands you need.

• Comprehensive command reference for the R programming language and a companion book to Visualize This: The FlowingData Guide to Design, Visualization, and Statistics
• Combines elements of a dictionary, glossary, and thesaurus for the R language
• Provides easy accessibility to the commands you need, by topic, which you can cut and paste into R as needed
• Covers getting, saving, examining, and manipulating data; statistical test and math; and all the things you can do with graphs
• Also includes a collection of utilities that you'll find useful

Simplify the complex statistical R programming language with The Essential R Reference.

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An essential library of basic commands you can copy and paste into R The powerful and open-source statistical programming language R is rapidly growing in popularity, but it requires that you type in commands at the keyboard rather than use a mouse, so you have to learn the language of R. But there is a shortcut, and that's where this unique book comes in. A companion book to Visualize The FlowingData Guide to Design, Visualization, and Statistics , this practical reference is a library of basic R commands that you can copy and paste into R to perform many types of statistical analyses. Whether you're in technology, science, medicine, business, or engineering, you can quickly turn to your topic in this handy book and find the commands you need. Simplify the complex statistical R programming language with The Essential R Reference . .