The Image Processing Handbook

Now in its fifth edition, John C. Russ’s monumental image processing reference is an even more complete, modern, and hands-on tool than ever before. The Image Processing Handbook, Fifth Edition is fully updated and expanded to reflect the latest developments in the field. Written by an expert with unequalled experience and authority, it offers clear guidance on how to create, select, and use the most appropriate algorithms for a specific application. What’s new in the Fifth Edition? · A new chapter on the human visual process that explains which visual cues elicit a response from the viewer · Description of the latest hardware and software for image acquisition and printing, reflecting the proliferation of the digital camera · New material on multichannel images, including a major section on principal components analysis · Expanded sections on deconvolution, extended dynamic range images, and image enlargement and interpolation · More than 600 new and revised figures and illustrations for a total of more than 2000 illustrations · 20% more references to the most up-to-date literature Written in a relaxed and reader-friendly style, The Image Processing Handbook, Fifth Edition guides you through the myriad tools available for image processing and helps you understand how to select and apply each one. Preface......Page 6 Acknowledgments......Page 10 Contents......Page 12 Human reliance on images for information......Page 18 Video cameras......Page 21 CCD cameras......Page 23 Camera artifacts and limitations......Page 28 Color cameras......Page 29 Camera resolution......Page 32 CMOS cameras......Page 34 Focusing......Page 35 Electronics and bandwidth limitations......Page 36 Pixels......Page 38 Gray-scale resolution......Page 40 Noise......Page 43 High-depth images......Page 44 Color imaging......Page 48 Digital camera limitations......Page 56 Color spaces......Page 59 Color correction......Page 68 Color displays......Page 72 Image types......Page 74 Range imaging......Page 76 Multiple images......Page 81 Stereoscopy......Page 87 Imaging requirements......Page 93 What we see and why......Page 100 Recognition......Page 103 Technical specs......Page 106 Acuity......Page 111 What the eye tells the brain......Page 113 Spatial comparisons......Page 116 Local to global hierarchies......Page 119 It’s about time......Page 125 The third dimension......Page 129 How versus what......Page 132 Seeing what isn’t there, and vice versa......Page 134 Image compression......Page 136 A world of light......Page 138 Size matters......Page 140 Shape (whatever that means)......Page 143 Context......Page 144 Arrangements must be made......Page 146 Seeing is believing......Page 148 So, in conclusion .........Page 150 Printing......Page 152 Dots on paper......Page 157 Color printing......Page 163 Printing hardware......Page 169 Film recorders......Page 174 Other presentation tools......Page 177 File storage......Page 178 Storage media......Page 179 Magnetic recording......Page 181 Databases for images......Page 183 Browsing and thumbnails......Page 188 Lossless coding......Page 191 Reduced color palettes......Page 197 JPEG compression......Page 198 Wavelet compression......Page 204 Fractal compression......Page 207 Digital movies......Page 209 Contrast expansion......Page 212 Noisy images......Page 216 Neighborhood averaging......Page 220 Neighborhood ranking......Page 231 Other neighborhood noise-reduction methods......Page 242 Defect removal, maximum entropy, and maximum likelihood......Page 247 Nonuniform illumination......Page 252 Fitting a background function......Page 255 Rank leveling......Page 261 Color images......Page 264 Nonplanar views......Page 268 Computer graphics......Page 269 Geometrical distortion......Page 272 Alignment......Page 273 Interpolation......Page 278 Morphing......Page 283 Image Enhancement (Processing in the Spatial Domain)......Page 286 Contrast manipulation......Page 287 Histogram equalization......Page 291 Laplacian......Page 298 Derivatives......Page 308 Finding edges......Page 309 Rank operations......Page 324 Texture......Page 329 Implementation notes......Page 333 Image math......Page 334 Subtracting images......Page 335 Multiplication and division......Page 338 Principal components analysis......Page 340 Other image combinations......Page 345 What frequency space is all about......Page 352 The Fourier transform......Page 353 Fourier transforms of real functions......Page 357 Frequencies and orientations......Page 362 Preferred orientation......Page 366 Texture and fractals......Page 371 Isolating periodic noise......Page 373 Selective masks and lters......Page 377 Selection of periodic information......Page 383 Convolution......Page 390 Deconvolution......Page 394 Noise and Wiener deconvolution......Page 399 Template matching and correlation......Page 406 Autocorrelation......Page 410 Thresholding......Page 414 Automatic settings......Page 417 Multiband images......Page 421 Two-dimensional thresholds......Page 423 Multiband thresholding......Page 425 Thresholding from texture......Page 429 Multiple thresholding criteria......Page 431 Textural orientation......Page 433 Region boundaries......Page 437 Selective histograms......Page 442 Boundary lines......Page 445 Contours......Page 447 Image representation......Page 449 Other segmentation methods......Page 453 The general classi cation problem......Page 456 Boolean operations......Page 460 Combining Boolean operations......Page 464 Masks......Page 467 From pixels to features......Page 469 Boolean logic with features......Page 475 Selecting features by location......Page 479 Double thresholding......Page 483 Erosion and dilation......Page 485 Opening and closing......Page 489 Isotropy......Page 493 Measurements using erosion and dilation......Page 495 Extension to gray-scale images......Page 496 Morphology neighborhood parameters......Page 498 Examples of use......Page 501 Euclidean distance map......Page 506 Watershed segmentation......Page 510 Ultimate eroded points......Page 513 Skeletonization......Page 515 Boundary lines and thickening......Page 521 Combining skeleton and EDM......Page 525 Global measurements and stereology......Page 528 Surface area......Page 533 ASTM Grain Size......Page 538 Multiple types of surfaces......Page 540 Length......Page 541 Sampling strategies......Page 544 Determining number......Page 546 Curvature, connectivity, and the Disector......Page 549 Anisotropy and gradients......Page 552 Size distributions......Page 554 Classical stereology (unfolding)......Page 557 Brightness measurements......Page 560 Determining location......Page 566 Orientation......Page 570 Neighbor relationships......Page 571 Alignment......Page 576 Counting features......Page 582 Special counting procedures......Page 585 Feature size......Page 589 Circles and ellipses......Page 591 Caliper dimensions......Page 593 Perimeter......Page 596 Describing shape......Page 598 Fractal dimension......Page 602 Harmonic analysis......Page 606 Topology......Page 610 Three-dimensional measurements......Page 611 Template matching and cross-correlation......Page 616 Parametric description......Page 618 Decision points......Page 624 Multidimensional classi cation......Page 627 Learning systems......Page 632 NN and cluster analysis......Page 636 Expert systems......Page 639 Neural networks......Page 641 Syntactical models......Page 643 Volume imaging vs. sections......Page 646 Basics of reconstruction......Page 649 Algebraic reconstruction methods......Page 654 Maximum entropy......Page 658 Defects in reconstructed images......Page 659 Beam hardening......Page 663 Imaging geometries......Page 669 Three-dimensional tomography......Page 673 High-resolution tomography......Page 680 Sources of 3-D data......Page 684 Serial sections......Page 686 Optical sectioning......Page 690 Sequential removal......Page 692 Stereo measurement......Page 694 3-D data sets......Page 699 Slicing the data set......Page 701 Arbitrary section planes......Page 705 The use of color......Page 708 Volumetric display......Page 711 Stereo viewing......Page 713 Special display hardware......Page 717 Ray tracing......Page 719 Reflection......Page 723 Surfaces......Page 728 Multi-ply connected surfaces......Page 733 Image processing in 3-D......Page 737 Measurements on 3-D images......Page 742 Producing surfaces......Page 746 Devices that image surfaces by physical contact......Page 749 Noncontacting measurements......Page 752 Microscopy of surfaces......Page 755 Surface composition imaging......Page 758 Processing of range images......Page 760 Processing of composition maps......Page 763 Data presentation and visualization......Page 764 Rendering and visualization......Page 769 Analysis of surface data......Page 775 Pro le measurements......Page 777 The Birmingham measurement suite......Page 780 Topographic analysis and fractal dimensions......Page 786 References......Page 794 Index......Page 812

The definitive tutorial on desktop image processing with NI's IMAQ Vision

This book brings together everything you need to achieve superior results with PC-based image processing and analysis. Expert Thomas Klinger combines a highly accessible overview of the field's key concepts, tools, and techniques; the first expert introduction to NI's breakthrough IMAQ Vision software; and several start-to-finish application case studies. You also get an extensive library of code and image samples, as well as a complete trial version of IMAQ Vision for Windows®. Coverage includes:

• Defining what to measure and how to measure it
• Acquiring images: working with CCDs, cameras, frame grabber cards, and leading medical image sources, including ultrasound, CT, and MRI
• Distributing images: compression techniques, image format standards, and DICOM medical imaging
• Processing images: gray-scale operations, spatial image filtering, frequency filtering,
• and morphology functions
• Analyzing images: pixel value and quantitative analyses, shape and pattern matching, bar codes, and more

With 300+ figures and 50+ exercises-all listed up front for easy access-this is the definitive image processing tutorial for every professional.

Image Processing with LabVIEW and IMAQ Vision is the definitive tutorial on desktop imageprocessing with NI's breakthrough IMAQ Vision software. It delivers everything professionals willneed to get a highly accessible overview of the field's key concepts, tools, andtechniques; a start-to-finish IMAQ VISION tutorial; several complete application case studies; anextensive CD-ROM library of code and image samples, and a complete trial version of NI VisionBuilder for Automated Inspection for Windows. "This book brings together everything you need to achieve superior results with PC-based image processing and analysis. Thomas Klinger combines a highly accessible overview of the field's key concepts, tools, and techniques; the first expert introduction to NI's breakthrough IMAQ Vision software; and several start-to-finish application case studies. You also get an extensive library of code and image samples, as well as a complete trial version of IMAQ Vision for Windows."--BOOK JACKET