The Ischemic Heart

Over the past three decades, impressive progress in the field of pathogenesis, prevention and therapy of ischemic heart disease has resulted in a marked decline in mortality in the Western World. However, the incidence of this devastating disease is on the rise in developing countries. __The Ischemic Heart__ is based upon a recent symposium in Tokyo on the subject. This volume is organized into two sections: (i) Pathophysiologic Mechanisms of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and (ii) Preconditioning and Protection of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury, and contains up-to-date information concerning the current concepts of ischemia-reperfusion injury, the sequence of events resulting in the loss of contractile dysfunction, and mechanisms of cardioprotection by several drugs as well as the role of ischemic preconditioning in attenuating problems associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury. Front Matter....Pages i-xlvi Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Function of Cardiac Myocytes in Ischemicheart Disease: Comparative Changes in Right and Left Ventricular Cells....Pages 3-12 Remodeling of Cardiac Myocytes in Chronic Heart Disease....Pages 13-22 Hibernating Myocardium....Pages 23-31 Length-Dependent Modulation of Cardiac Muscle Contractility in Normoxia, Hypoxia, and Acidosis: Possible Implications for Ischemia....Pages 33-40 Roles of Superoxide, Nitric Oxide, and Peroxynitrite in Various Pathological Conditions....Pages 41-56 Real-Time Measurement of Nitric Oxide in Coronary Outflow during Transient Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion....Pages 57-65 Production of Hydrogen Peroxide During Hypoxia-Reoxygenation in Isolated Myocytes....Pages 67-76 Oxygen Free Radicals Enhance Ergonovine-Induced Canine Coronary Vasoconstriction....Pages 77-86 Structure and Expression of Calponin in Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells....Pages 87-95 Status of β-Adrenoceptors, G-Proteins, and Adenylyl Cyclase in Ischemic Heart Disease....Pages 97-123 Oxygen Consumption and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Postischemic Myocardium....Pages 125-135 Pathophysiological Behavior of the Myocardium in Acute Ischemia and Reperfusion, with Special Emphasis on the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum....Pages 137-149 Ca 2+ Ion Shifts in Vivo in Reversible and Irreversible Ischemic Injury....Pages 151-176 Ionic Mechanisms of Reperfusion Injury....Pages 177-188 Mechanism of Inhibition of Na + -H + Exchanger (NHE1) by ATP Depletion: Implications for Myocardial Ischemia....Pages 189-197 The Source and Fate of Protons in the Reperfused Ischemic Heart....Pages 199-213 Intracellular Calcium Regulation in Cardiac Cells during Acidosis....Pages 215-240 Intracellular pH Regulation and Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury....Pages 241-247 Regulation of [Na + i and [Ca 2+ ] i during Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion in a Single-Cell Model....Pages 249-264 ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels and Myocardial Ischemia....Pages 265-276 Front Matter....Pages 277-277 Early and Delayed Protection Against Ventricular Arrhythmias Induced by Preconditioning....Pages 279-303 Effects of Ischemic Preconditioning on Na + -Ca 2+ Exchanger Activity and Ion Regulation in Isolated Perfused Rat Hearts....Pages 305-316 Long-Term but not Short-Term Cardioprotection can be Induced by Preconditioning in Hypercholesterolemia....Pages 317-326 Contribution of Endogenous Catecholamines to Preconditioning: Is it through Facilitation of Adenosine Production?....Pages 327-336 Hypoxic Preconditioning of Isolated Cardiomyocytes of Adult Rat....Pages 337-349 Pharmacological Modification of Ischemic Preconditioning During Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty....Pages 351-356 Protection Against Injury Durin Gmyocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion: Concepts and Strategies....Pages 357-366 Mechanisms of Cardioprotective Effects of Propranolol Against Reperfusion Injury....Pages 367-377 Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Induced by Extracellular Stress Enhances Myocardial Tolerance to Ischemia-Reperfusion....Pages 379-386 Thioctic Acid Prevents Oxidativedamage in Isolated Cardiac Myocytes....Pages 387-397 Transfection of Heat-Shock Protein 70 Enhances Myocardial Tolerance to Ischemia: Evidence for a Role of HSP70 in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury....Pages 399-409 Calcium but not Amiloride Improves the Mechanical Function of Reperfused One-Week-Old Rabbit Hearts....Pages 411-421 Effects of BIBR-277, an Angiotensin-II Type-1 Receptor Antagonist, on Ischemic Myocardial Stunning in Dogs....Pages 423-432 Reperfusion 12 Hours after Coronary Occlusion Salvages Myocardium in Dogs: Studies in a Single-Heart Model....Pages 433-440 Ecto-5′-Nucleotidase and Cardioprotection....Pages 441-450 Limitation of Stunning in Dog Myocardium by the Nucleoside-Nucleotide Mixture OG-VI....Pages 451-460 Decrease in Myocardial Ischemic Tolerance with Aging in Fischer 344 Rats....Pages 461-471 Underperfusion Injury in Diabetic Rat Hearts: Effects of Norepinephrine and/or Insulin on Stiffness Increase and Abnormal Energy Metabolism....Pages 473-500 Do Ketone Bodies Contribute to Protection against Damage Caused by Bothmyocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury?....Pages 501-509 Effect of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor on the Regional Myocardial Blood Flow of Acutely Infarctedmyocardium in Experimental Animals....Pages 511-518 Front Matter....Pages 277-277 Intramyocardial Ejection of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Increased Regional Myocardial Blood Flow Andsalvaged Infarcted Myocardium in Dogs....Pages 519-524 Effect of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor on the Regional Myocardial Blood Flow in Acutely Infarcted Myocardium in Rats....Pages 525-529 Gene Therapy for Myocardial Infarction....Pages 531-544 Adenoviral Vectors as Experimental and Therapeutic Tools....Pages 545-550 Prevention of Transplantation-Associated Arteriosclerosis by Antiadhesion Therapy....Pages 551-562 Back Matter....Pages 563-575

Over the past three decades, impressive progress in the field of pathogenesis, prevention and therapy of ischemic heart disease has resulted in a marked decline in mortality in the Western World. However, the incidence of this devastating disease is on the rise in developing countries.
The Ischemic Heart is based upon a recent symposium in Tokyo on the subject. This volume is organized into two sections: (i) Pathophysiologic Mechanisms of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and (ii) Preconditioning and Protection of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury, and contains up-to-date information concerning the current concepts of ischemia-reperfusion injury, the sequence of events resulting in the loss of contractile dysfunction, and mechanisms of cardioprotection by several drugs as well as the role of ischemic preconditioning in attenuating problems associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Ruben Mestril

This book covers its subject in significant depth and breath. The first part covers the ongoing research into the pathophysiological mechanisms that lead up to the diseased state. The second part covers in depth the different research approaches currently being studied to protect the heart against ischemic damage. The book is a compendium of the research findings presented at the symposium on The Ischemic Heart celebrated in Tokyo, in November 19-21, 1996. It therefore covers a wide variety of topics related to ischemic heart disease. The intention of the editors is to provide an update on the current state of research in the field of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. Although there is a significant number of books that have previously covered the subject, this book offers to the reader present-day understanding of this field of research. This purpose is achieved by including all of the areas of research currently being studied in the field of ischemic heart disease. The editors offer a nice balance between studies done in cultured cardiomyocytes and in experimental animals, as well as the different approaches to the study of contractile dysfunction, the ischemic preconditioning phenomenon, and the potential use of therapeutic drugs and gene therapy against ischemia-reperfusion injury. I believe that the editors' assessment that this book will be of interest to students, scientists, clinical cardiologists, and cardiovascular surgeons is correct. The timely publication of this book not only represents an important resource for new researchers in this area but also an excellent reference for investigators already in the field of ischemic heart disease research. Thecontributions here, although mostly from research groups in Japan, are well rounded by the addition of several international contributions. The majority of the contributions are from laboratories with a proven record of achievements in the field of ischemic heart disease research. The book covers a diversity of mechanisms that are involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Such novel topics as the involvement of nitric oxide, the ATP-sensitive potassium channels, and the sodium/hydrogen proton exchanger involvement in ischemia-reperfusion injury to more usual topics of the role of acidosis, calcium regulation, oxygen consumption, and tissue remodeling, are covered in the first section. The second section examines the potential mechanisms of myocardial protection during ischemia. The potential of certain therapeutic drugs, ischemic preconditioning, and the delivery of beneficial genes by gene therapy are extensively covered. The strength of the book lies in a certain amount of overlap between these two sections of the book that permits readers to extract their own conclusions on the validity of the different approaches. This book represents a significant contribution to the literature, especially in the research area of ischemic heart disease.