The Morpheme: A Theoretical Introduction (Interface Explorations [IE], 31)

This book develops a theory of the morpheme in the framework of Distributed Morphology. Particular emphasis is devoted to the way in which functional morphemes receive their phonological form post-syntactically, through the operation of Vocabulary Insertion. In addition to looking closely at syncretism, the primary motivation for Vocabulary Insertion, the book examines allomorphy, blocking, and other key topics in the theory of the morpheme. Contents Chapter Dependencies Preface 1. Morphemes in the Grammar 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The Architecture of the Grammar 1.3 SyntacticTerminals 1.3.1 Morphemes and Features 1.3.2 Roots 1.3.3 Functional Morphemes 1.3.4 Pieces and Non-AffixalMorphology 1.4 Lists and Decomposition 1.4.1 Lists and Lexical Information 1.4.2 Decomposition 1.4.3 Lists and Their Motivation 1.5 Summary and Core Properties 1.6 (P)review:MainThemes 1.6.1 Interface Transparency 1.6.2 Realizational Sound/Meaning Connections 1.6.3 The Morpheme-Locus Effect 2. Morphemes and Features 2.1 Introduction 2.2 FunctionalMorphemes 2.2.1 Features and Functional Morphemes 2.2.2 Bundling and Possible Morphemes 2.2.3 Differences in Active Features 2.2.4 Summary: Features of Functional Morphemes 2.3 Roots 2.3.1 Roots and Phonological Features 2.3.2 The Categorization of Roots 2.3.3 Roots and Lexical Semantic Meanings 2.3.4 Roots and Synsem Features 2.3.5 Roots and “Morphological” Features 2.3.6 A Root is a Type of Morpheme 2.4 Conclusions 3. Structures and Linear Order 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Structures 3.2.1 AnIllustration 3.2.2 Movement and Complex Heads: Summary 3.3 Some Definitions: M-Words and Subwords 3.4 LinearOrder 3.4.1 The Concatenation of M-Words and Subwords 3.4.2 Syntactic Structure and Morpheme Order 3.4.3 Structure andOrder 3.4.4 Bracketing and Order Mismatches 3.5 A Note on Structure and Phonological Wordhood 3.6 Conclusions 4. Vocabulary Insertion: An Introduction 4.1 FundamentalNotions 4.2 The Vocabulary Insertion Process in Detail 4.2.1 Adding Phonological Content 4.2.2 Vocabulary Insertion and Synsem Features 4.3 Ordering of Vocabulary Items 4.4 Vocabulary Insertion and Blocking: A First Look 4.5 The Order of Insertion in Complex Structures 4.6 Illustration: A Fragment from the Latin Conjugation 4.6.1 Preliminary Observations 4.6.2 VocabularyItems 4.6.3 Non-Deletion of Features 4.7 Summary 5. Syncretism and (Under)specification 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Syncretism and Underspecification 5.2.1 An Example: Hupa Agreement 5.2.2 Implementing an Analysis of Syncretism 5.2.3 Comparison 5.2.4 Some Additional Points 5.3 Specification 5.4 Syncretism versus Homophony 5.5 Illustrations 5.5.1 Seychelles Creole Pronominals 5.5.2 MongolicPossessors 5.5.3 Barbare ̃no Chumash Pronominals 5.5.4 AnˆemPossessiveSuffixes 5.6 Conclusions 6. Further Topics in the Analysis of Syncretism 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Impoverishment 6.2.1 Spurious se inSpanish 6.2.2 NorwegianAdjectives 6.2.3 Default Vocabulary Items 6.3 Impoverishment and Patterns of Syncretism 6.3.1 Illustration in the Abstract 6.3.2 Latin Dative and Ablative Plurals 6.3.3 Second/Third Plurals in Latin American Spanish 6.3.4 Syncretisms in Macedonian Verbs 6.3.5 Person and Number in Amele 6.4 Underspecification and Impoverishment 6.5 General Conclusions: Syncretism and Vocabulary Insertion 7. Contextual Allomorphy, and Blocking 7.1 IntroductionandReview 7.2 Types of Allomorphic Conditioning 7.2.1 Inwards versus Outwards 7.2.2 Grammatical versus Phonological Conditioning 7.2.3 Contextual Allomorphy and (Morpho)phonology 7.3 Conditions on Contextual Allomorphy 7.3.1 CyclicDomains 7.3.2 Concatenation 7.3.3 Inside-Out Insertion 7.3.4 Summary 7.4 Blocking, Morphemes, and Vocabulary Insertion 7.4.1 Blocking and Words: The Intuition 7.4.2 Glory, *gloriosity, andtheMorpheme 7.5 Non-Affixal Morphology and Blocking 7.5.1 An Analysis of Non-Affixal Changes 7.5.2 Pieces, Processes, Blocking 7.5.3 Non-affixal Morphology: Concluding Remarks 7.6 Conclusions 8. Concluding Remarks Appendix: Fusion and Fission A.1 Introduction A.2 Fusion A.3 Fission Notes Bibliography Index Emphasis is devoted to the way in which functional morphemes receive their phonological form post-syntactically, through the operation of Vocabulary Insertion. Looking closely at syncretism, the primary motivation for Vocabulary Insertion, this book examines allomorphy, blocking, and other key topics in the theory of the morpheme.