The SAP R/3 handbook

Annotation Demystify today's premier client/server enterprise software The all-in-one guide to successfully implementing enterprise-wide business process engineering now brings you up to speed on the #1 software's latest features. SAP R/3 Handbook, Second Edition, by JosE Antonio Hernandez, explains in easy-to-follow steps all stages of R/3 installation, implementation, operation and support. You learn about the workings of the ABAP/4 development workbench, the transport system, R/3 service distribution, systems architectures and system administration, and get an in-depth look at the Basis system. In this new edition, you'll find new and expanded chapters on the latest SAP features, including: *The Profile Generator and the Management of Users and Authorizations *SAP Database Administration including Oracle8 and Microsoft SQL Server 7 *Advanced new options within the CCMS, including new R/3 installation tools *Much more The SAP R/3 Handbook, Second Edition......Page 16 Table of Contents......Page 2 Preface......Page 17 SAP AG: The Company Behind R/3......Page 19 Profile and Evolution......Page 20 Strategy and Products......Page 21 R/3 Release 3.1......Page 23 R/3 Release 4.0......Page 24 SAP Transformation: From a Single-Product Company to a Global Business Solutions Company......Page 26 SAP Industry Solutions......Page 28 The Emergence of the New Dimension Products......Page 29 Solution Maps......Page 30 SAPnet-R/3 Front End (OSS)......Page 31 Partners......Page 33 SAP Services Overview......Page 34 Description of R/3......Page 35 Multitier Client/Server Solutions......Page 37 Open Technology......Page 38 User Interface......Page 39 ABAP Development Workbench......Page 40 Customizing Tools......Page 41 R/3 Business Engineer......Page 42 Financial Applications......Page 43 Human Resources Applications......Page 45 Logistics Applications......Page 46 Cross Application Modules......Page 49 R/3 Basis Software......Page 51 Transaction......Page 52 Logical Units of Work (LUWs)......Page 53 Clients......Page 54 Operating System Interface......Page 55 The Dispatcher Process......Page 56 Work Process Architecture......Page 57 Services: Work Processes Types......Page 59 Dialog Work Processes......Page 60 Background Work Processes......Page 61 Enqueue Work Process......Page 63 Update Work Process......Page 65 Message Server......Page 66 Gateway Server......Page 67 Database Interface......Page 68 SAP R/3 Communication Protocols and Interfaces......Page 70 Memory Management......Page 71 Building the Client/Server SAP R/3 System......Page 73 Overview......Page 75 Elements in a SAP R/3 Installation......Page 76 Installation Steps......Page 77 Step 1: Sizing the System......Page 78 Step 3: Checking Installation Requirements......Page 80 Step 4: Installing Hardware, Base Software, and Configuring the Network......Page 81 Step 5: R/3 Installation Notes......Page 82 Step 6: Adapting Systems to SAP Requirements......Page 83 Step 7: Designing the Layout of File Systems......Page 84 Step 8: Installing the R3SETUP Tool......Page 89 Step 9: Install Central Instance......Page 90 Step 10: Install Database Software......Page 91 Step 11: Build and Load the Database......Page 92 Installing a Presentation Server On a Windows PC......Page 93 Postinstallation Steps......Page 95 Performing a Full Backup......Page 96 Further Guidelines for Productive Environments......Page 97 Considerations for Oracle VLDBs (Very Large Databases)......Page 98 Centralized SAP Installations......Page 100 The SAP Client/Server Architecture: Advantages and Disadvantages......Page 102 SAP Servers......Page 103 Guidelines for Distributed Configurations with the R/3 System......Page 104 Directory Structure of R/3 Systems......Page 106 Kernel Directory: What Do These Programs Do?......Page 108 Profiles......Page 111 Profile Types......Page 112 Setting Up the Central System Log......Page 117 Buffer Synchronization in Distributed Configurations......Page 118 Central and Local Storage of Executable Files under UNIX......Page 119 Starting and Stopping SAP R/3......Page 120 Starting and Stopping R/3 Under Windows NT......Page 123 Logon Groups Configuration......Page 124 The SAPlogon Application......Page 126 The Network in Distributed SAP R/3 Environments......Page 130 Logging On and Off the System......Page 132 Passwords......Page 134 The User Interface: Main Elements of the R/3 Window......Page 136 The Standard Toolbar......Page 138 The Screen Layout Menu......Page 139 Shortcuts......Page 146 Working with R/3 User Sessions......Page 147 Moving Around the R/3 System......Page 148 Moving Around with Transaction Codes......Page 149 Working with Information......Page 150 Possible Entries for an Input Field......Page 151 Facilities for Entering the Same Data Repeatedly......Page 152 Input Field Default Values with User Parameters......Page 153 Getting Help in the R/3 System......Page 154 Working with Search Helps......Page 156 Using Search Helps with the Fast Method......Page 158 Working with Reports......Page 159 Executing Reports......Page 160 Working with Reports Variants......Page 161 Working with Background Jobs......Page 163 Scheduling Background Jobs......Page 164 The Print Screen......Page 166 Sending Short Messages......Page 168 EnjoySAP User Features......Page 169 Highlights......Page 171 Overview of the Complete Process of Transporting Objects from a Source System to a Target System......Page 172 SAP System Group......Page 174 Transport Routes......Page 175 Change Requests......Page 176 Development Teams......Page 177 Repairs and Original Objects......Page 178 System Types......Page 179 System Change Options......Page 180 Functions of the Systems......Page 181 System Types from the Perspective of the Workbench Organizer and Transport System......Page 182 Managing Development Classes......Page 184 Configuration of the Transport System......Page 185 Step 1. Initializing the Change and Transport Organizer......Page 186 Step 3. Configuring the Transport Management System (TMS)......Page 187 Configuring Systems and Domains......Page 188 Configuring Transport Routes......Page 191 Distributing and Verifying TMS Configuration......Page 192 Working with the Workbench Organizer......Page 193 Creating Change Requests......Page 194 Releasing Tasks and Requests......Page 195 Transport Rules......Page 196 Checking Transport Results......Page 198 Workbench Organizer Tools......Page 200 The Transport Organizer......Page 201 Performing Transports with the TMS......Page 202 Using tp, the Transport Control Program......Page 204 Setting Up the tp Program......Page 205 Overview of Options for the tp Program......Page 209 Working with Imports Using tp......Page 210 Managing Special Transports......Page 212 Overview of the R3trans Program......Page 213 Introduction to the Development Environment of the SAP R/3 System......Page 215 Overview of the ABAP Workbench Tools......Page 216 Basic Concepts of the Development Environment......Page 217 Starting the ABAP Workbench......Page 218 Working with the Repository Browser......Page 220 Selecting Single Objects......Page 221 Navigation Options......Page 222 The Repository Information System......Page 223 Performing Searches......Page 224 The Application Hierarchy......Page 225 Introduction to the ABAP Editor......Page 226 Getting Started with the ABAP Editor......Page 227 Specifying Program Attributes......Page 228 The ABAP Source Code Editor......Page 229 Saving Program Code......Page 232 Checking Program Source Code......Page 233 Editing Help Facilities......Page 234 Special Navigation Tools......Page 235 Introduction to the Screen Painter......Page 236 Starting the Screen Painter......Page 237 Using the Screen Painter......Page 238 Generating a Screen......Page 244 Main Menu Painter Objects......Page 245 Starting the Menu Painter......Page 246 Using the Menu Painter......Page 247 Introduction to Area Menus......Page 250 Function Builder Structure......Page 251 Working with the Function Builder......Page 252 Checking and Activating......Page 256 Testing and Performance......Page 257 Creating a SQL Trace......Page 258 Analyzing a SQL Trace......Page 259 Creating a Performance Data File (Runtime Analysis)......Page 261 Analyzing a Performance Data File......Page 262 Overview of the Workbench Debugging Tools......Page 263 Elements of the ABAP Debugger......Page 264 Breakpoints......Page 265 Navigating Through Program Code......Page 266 Displaying and Modifying Field Values......Page 267 Displaying and Managing Internal Tables......Page 268 Introduction to the ABAP Programming Language Features......Page 269 Definition of Data Dictionary......Page 271 The ABAP Dictionary in the R/3 Systems......Page 272 The Relational Data Model......Page 273 Concepts of the Relational Data Model......Page 274 Relationship Types......Page 275 Dependency Factors and Foreign Keys......Page 276 Starting the ABAP Dictionary......Page 277 Data Dictionary Objects......Page 278 Pooled Tables, Table Pools, Cluster Tables, and Table Clusters......Page 280 Working with Tables......Page 282 Defining Fields......Page 284 Keys and Primary Keys......Page 285 Technical Settings......Page 286 Indexes......Page 287 Append Structures......Page 288 Creating an Append Structure......Page 289 Substructures......Page 290 Data Elements......Page 291 Working with Domains......Page 293 Base Tables in Aggregate Objects......Page 295 Working with Views......Page 296 Case Study: Creating a Matchcode......Page 298 Working with Lock Objects......Page 305 Working with the Database Utility......Page 308 Processing Types......Page 309 Database Utility Functions with Matchcodes......Page 310 Activation in the Dictionary......Page 311 Adjusting Database Structures......Page 312 How to Adjust a Table......Page 313 Version Management in the ABAP Dictionary......Page 316 The Versions Catalog......Page 317 Creating a Search Help......Page 319 Search Help Structure......Page 320 Example: the USTU Collective Search Help......Page 321 Overview of User Administration......Page 324 Creating Users......Page 325 User Master Records Fields......Page 328 Available Defaults and Options for User Master Records......Page 329 Modifying User Master Records......Page 331 Users Information System......Page 332 Password Restrictions and Requirements......Page 333 Restricting Password Strings......Page 334 User SAP*......Page 335 The Authorization System in SAP R/3......Page 336 Authorization Profiles......Page 337 Authorizations......Page 338 Authorization Fields......Page 339 Activity Groups......Page 340 The Activation Concept in Profiles and Authorizations......Page 341 Case Study: From the Authorization Fields to the Profiles, a Practical Example......Page 342 Working with the Profile Generator......Page 346 How the Profile Generator Works......Page 347 Configuring the Profile Generator......Page 348 Basic Concepts for Working with Activity Groups......Page 349 Creating Activity Groups......Page 350 Predefined Profiles and Basis System Authorization Objects......Page 353 Using the System Trace for Tracing Authorizations......Page 354 Organizing the Maintenance of the Authorization System......Page 355 Using Authorization Checks with Table TSTC......Page 356 Using the ABAP AUTHORITY-CHECK......Page 357 Technical Details: User-and Authorization System-Related Tables......Page 359 Technical Details: System Profile Parameters for Managing Users and Authorizations......Page 360 Basic SAP R/3 System Administration......Page 362 Displaying and Monitoring the SAP Instances and Application Servers......Page 363 Monitoring the System Work Processes......Page 364 Monitoring and Managing User Sessions......Page 367 Posting System Messages......Page 368 Displaying and Managing Update Records......Page 369 Distribution of Update Work Processes......Page 370 Monitoring Update Records......Page 371 Available Update Functions......Page 372 Basic Troubleshooting with Updating......Page 374 Displaying and Managing Lock Entries......Page 376 Troubleshooting of Lock Entries......Page 377 Working with the Client Copy Options......Page 379 Creating a New Client......Page 380 Requirements for Creating Clients and for the Copy Process......Page 383 Copying a Client in the Same System......Page 384 Deleting Clients......Page 385 Transporting Clients Between Two SAP Systems......Page 386 Copying Tables Entries Between Two Different Systems......Page 388 The R/3 System Logs......Page 389 The System Log Selection Criteria Screen......Page 391 Displaying the Log Report......Page 392 System Log Environment Utilities......Page 393 Displaying ABAP Short Dumps......Page 394 Using the System Trace......Page 396 Using Developer Traces......Page 400 Introduction to Common R/3 and CCMS Concepts......Page 403 Administrator Duties with the CCMS......Page 404 Maintaining Profiles......Page 405 Profile Reference Server......Page 406 Profile Maintenance Options......Page 407 Example: Maintenance of an Instance Profile......Page 409 Working with Operation Modes......Page 412 Configuring Operation Modes......Page 413 Define/Configure CCMS Instances......Page 414 Assigning Operation Modes to Instances......Page 415 Restrictions on Work Process Distribution......Page 416 Configuring the Timetable for Operation Mode Switches......Page 417 Operation Mode Switching......Page 418 Technical Details: Operation Modes......Page 419 Overview of the CCMS Monitors......Page 420 The R/3 Control Panel......Page 421 The System Monitor......Page 422 Performance Monitors......Page 423 Workload Monitor......Page 425 Operating System Collector and Monitor......Page 428 Buffer Performance Monitors......Page 431 Color Coding in the Global Alert Monitor......Page 435 System Log Thresholds......Page 439 Chapter 12: Alert Monitors......Page 441 Overview......Page 442 Managing SAP System Alerts (3.x)......Page 446 4.0 Monitoring Architecture......Page 449 Monitoring Tree......Page 450 Monitors and Monitor Sets......Page 451 Navigating Across Monitors (Monitoring Tree)......Page 452 Customizing Alerts......Page 455 Customizing Tasks......Page 457 Tool Definition and Release......Page 458 Features with Later R/3 Releases......Page 460 Introduction to Background Processing......Page 461 Background Jobs......Page 462 Defining Background Jobs......Page 463 Job Definition Fields......Page 464 Job Steps......Page 466 Defining the Start Date and Time for the Job......Page 469 Defining a Repeat Interval Period......Page 473 Specifying the Spool List Recipient......Page 474 Basic Management Operations on Background Jobs......Page 475 The Job Status......Page 476 Deleting Jobs......Page 477 Authorizations for Background Jobs......Page 478 Using the Graphical Job Monitoring Tool......Page 479 Displaying the Job Log and Analyzing the Job Status......Page 480 The CCMS Job Analysis Tools......Page 481 Common Background Job Problems......Page 484 Elements of the Printing System: Concepts of the SAP Spool System Architecture......Page 486 The Spool Work Process......Page 488 Spool Servers, Hierarchies, and Load Balancing......Page 489 Defining Spool Server......Page 490 Managing Spool Requests......Page 491 Displaying and Modifying the Spool Request Attributes......Page 493 Connecting Printers to the Operating Systems Spool......Page 494 Defining R/3 Printer Devices......Page 495 Logical R/3 Output Devices and Device Pools......Page 499 Introduction to the SAP Access Methods......Page 501 Definition and Logical Components of Output Devices......Page 502 Defining New Device Types......Page 503 Managing Printer Character Sets......Page 505 Working with Print Controls......Page 507 Managing Page Formats......Page 510 Managing Formats......Page 511 Device Initialization......Page 512 Case Study: Defining a Printer and Creating a New Device Type for It......Page 513 Initializing the Device Format......Page 516 Front End Printing......Page 518 The SAPLPD Driver Program......Page 519 The Temporary Sequential (TemSe) Objects Database......Page 520 Troubleshooting Printing Problems......Page 521 Spool System Instance Profile Parameters......Page 522 Overview......Page 524 Introduction to the Oracle Database Architecture Under R/3 Systems......Page 525 Oracle Environment Variables......Page 526 Data Storage: Tablespaces and Data Files......Page 527 Archived Redo Log Files......Page 530 The Alert File......Page 531 Oracle Memory Areas......Page 532 Introduction to Oracle Background Processes......Page 533 Startup and Shutdown of the Oracle Database......Page 534 Introduction to Cost-Based Optimizer......Page 535 SAP R/3 Database Administrator Common Tasks......Page 536 Internal Database Users and Passwords......Page 537 Command Mode sapdba......Page 538 Configuring sapdba: The Initialization Profile init .dba......Page 540 Using the sapdba Expert Mode......Page 541 Starting and Shutting Down the Database from sapdba......Page 543 Setting and Switching the Archive Log Mode......Page 545 Tablespace Administration with sapdba......Page 546 Checking the Free Space and Fragmentation of Tablespaces......Page 547 Extending Tablespace Storage Space......Page 549 Creating New Tablespaces......Page 552 Introduction to Database Reorganizations Using sapdba......Page 553 When Is a Reorganization Needed?......Page 554 Analyzing Whether a Reorganization Is Needed......Page 555 Reorganization Types......Page 557 Storage Parameters......Page 559 Avoiding Reorganizations: Changing Storage Parameters......Page 560 Considerations Before Performing Reorganizations......Page 561 Speeding Up Reorganizations......Page 562 Running Reorganizations......Page 565 Performing Reorganizations Using the sapdba Reorganization Menu......Page 566 Restarting a Reorganization......Page 575 Exporting and Importing Database Objects......Page 577 Case Study: Guidelines for an Export/Import Procedure of a Customer Database......Page 579 Backing Up the Database......Page 582 The brbackup Menu Options......Page 584 Archiving Backup Strategies and Requirements......Page 588 The brarchive Menu Options......Page 589 Consistent Online Backup......Page 592 Standby Database Backup Scenario......Page 593 Introduction to Database Restore and Recovery Concepts and Procedures......Page 594 Recovery Concepts......Page 595 Requirements for Database Recovery with sapdba Utilities......Page 596 Partial Restore and Complete Recovery......Page 597 Restoring and Recovering the Database: Further Options......Page 600 Restoring Individual Files......Page 603 Introduction to Recovery Functions Using SVRMGRL......Page 605 What Does Implementing R/3 Mean?......Page 606 Technical Implementation with ASAP......Page 608 Getting Ready for Implementing and Supporting R/3: An Approach to Roles......Page 609 Introduction to R/3 Technical Implementation......Page 613 Introduction to a SAP R/3 Procedures Guide......Page 621 The Administration and Operation Manual......Page 623 Systems Management......Page 625 Skills Sets for Systems Managers......Page 626 Operation Checklist......Page 628 Organizing the Workbench Organizer and Managing Transport Requests......Page 630 An Approach to Backup Strategies in SAP Installations......Page 632 Operating System Backup Utilities......Page 634 The Triple-mirror Approach......Page 635 An Introduction to High Availability and Cluster Systems......Page 636 Performance and Tuning Basics......Page 637 Workload Analysis......Page 638 Introduction to Helpdesk......Page 639 Supporting SAP: Troubleshooting......Page 641 A Basic Technical Troubleshooting Handbook......Page 642 SAP Operation and Maintenance Basic Laws......Page 644 Remote Connections to SAP Support Servers......Page 646 Guidelines for Establishing a Remote Connection to SAP Service Network......Page 647 Configuring the Network Connection......Page 648 SAProuter......Page 650 Setting Up SAProuter......Page 651 Remote Connection Security Issues......Page 656 Highlights......Page 658 The Sessions Overview: Selecting Sessions......Page 660 Processing Batch Input Sessions......Page 661 Results of Sessions Processing......Page 664 Analyzing Batch Input Sessions......Page 665 Displaying Session Logs......Page 666 Locking and Unlocking Sessions......Page 667 Batch Input Session Management Tasks......Page 668 Common Batch Input Errors......Page 669 Chapter 3: Installation Concepts and Guidelines......Page 670 Chapter 5: Using SAP R/3......Page 671 Chapter 7: Introduction to the ABAP Workbench......Page 672 Chapter 8: ABAP Data Dictionary......Page 673 Chapter 10: General Administration Utilities......Page 674 Chapter 12: Alert Monitors......Page 675 Chapter 14: The SAP Printing System......Page 676 Chapter 15: SAP Administration for Oracle Databases......Page 677 Appendix B: Managing Batch Input Sessions......Page 678 Chapter 15: SAP Administration for Oracle Databases......Page 679 Appendix B: Managing Batch Input Sessions......Page 680 Demystify today's premier client/server enterprisesoftware

The all-in-one guide to successfully implementing enterprise-wide business process engineering now brings you up to speed on the #1 software's latest features. SAP R/3 Handbook, Second Edition, by JosE Antonio Hernandez, explains in easy-to-follow steps all stages of R/3 installation, implementation, operation and support. You learn about the workings of the ABAP/4 development workbench, the transport system, R/3 service distribution, systems architectures and system administration, and get an in-depth look at the Basis system. In this new edition, you'll find new and expanded chapters on the latest SAP features, including:

*The Profile Generator and the Management of Users and Authorizations
*SAP Database Administration including Oracle8 and Microsoft SQL Server 7
*Advanced new options within the CCMS, including new R/3 installation tools
*Much more