The Thirty Years War

Contents Introduction Acknowledgements Part One: The Background, 1600—21 1 Areas of Conflict Western Europe Northern Europe The Holy Roman Empire The Bohemian crisis Part Two: Developments, 1621-48 2 The Habsburgs in the Ascendant The Grisons issue and the Valtelline The formation of the Hague Coalition The Danish war, 1626-29 The Edict of Restitution, 1629 The Regensburg meeting of Electors, 1630 The Mantuan war, 1627—31 3 Gustavus Adolphus, Wallenstein and the Peace of Prague, 1635 The Swedish invasion, 1630 The Heilbronn League and the fall of Wallenstein The peace of Prague, 1635 4 The Entry of France and the Search for Peace Summary of the peace arrangements and some consequences The Westphalian settlements: a turning point? Part Three: Analysis 5: Economic and Social Effects of The Thirty Years War Population Agriculture and peasantry Industrial production Currencies, prices, wages Public finance: Sweden, Spain, France Revolt and reaction: Europe in crisis? 6 Religion and Diplomacy Ferdinand II and Lamormaini Richelieu, Maximilian and Gustavus Adolphus Spain 7 Military Developments A military revolution? The Dutch reforms Gustavus Adolphus Wallenstein Part Four: Assessment 8 Conclusions Part Five: Documents document 1 The truce between Spain and the Netherlands document 2 The Counter-Reformation in Austria document 3 The Letter of Majesty of July, 1609 document 4 The Edict of Restitution, 1629 document 5 The Treaty of Bärwalde, January 1631 document 6 The League of Heilbronn, April 1633 document 7 The Peace of Prague, 1635 document 8 The Treaty of Westphalia, 1648 document 9 The Papal Bull ‘Zelo Domus Dei’ (1648) document 10 The electoral convention at Regensburg, 1630 document 11 A modern historian on Wallenstein document 12 Gustavus Adolphus’ reaction to his luke-warm reception by the German princes after his invasion. document 13 The sack of Magdeburg, May 1631 document 14 Peasant reaction to the Swedish army near Swabia, 1632 document 15 More effects of the war on Germany document 16 Conditions in 1634 document 17 Peasants are forced to flee to Lake Constance (1636) document 18 The pressure of Spanish economic warfare in the 1620s backfires. document 19 Swedish state income and expenditure in 1633 document 20 French diplomatic thinking Bibliography Index