The Translational Apparatus : Structure, Function, Regulation, Evolution

tRNA and AminoacyltRNA Synthetases: Charging of RNA Microhelices and Decoding Genetic Information; P. Schimmel. rRNA and mRNA: Regulation, Processing, and Assembly: Genetic Approaches to the Study of Eukaryotic Ribosomes; J.R. Warner, et al. Translational Initiation and Termination: Mechanisms of Translational Initiation and Repression in Prokaryotes; D.E. Draper. The Elongation Process: Sites, Factors, Nascent Chain: The Allosteric ThreeSite Model and the Mechanism of Action of Both Elongation Factors EFTu and EFG; K.H. Nierhaus, et al. Accuracy in Translation: Mutants of tRNA, Ribosomes, and mRNA Affecting Frameshifting, Hopping, or Stop Codon Read-Through; J.F. Atkins, et al. Quaternary Structure, Functional Centers, and Domains in the Ribosome. Translation in Cell Organelles. The Translational Apparatus and Evolution. 64 additional articles. Index. Front Matter....Pages i-xiii The Crystal Structure of Seryl-tRNA Synthetase and its Complexes with ATP and tRNA Ser ....Pages 1-12 Charging of RNA Microhelices and Decoding Genetic Information: Evaluation of Functional Coupling Between Distal Parts of a tRNA Structure....Pages 13-21 Identity of a Prokaryotic Initiator tRNA....Pages 23-33 Genetic Systems in Yeast for Analysis of Initiator/ Elongator tRNA Specificity....Pages 35-45 Specificity in RNA: Protein Interactions; the Recognition of Escherichia Coli Glutamine tRNA....Pages 47-58 Conformational Change of tRNA Upon Interaction of the Identity-Determinant Set with Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase....Pages 59-66 Functional Aspects of Three Modified Nucleosides, Ψ, ms 2 io 6 A, and m 1 G, Present in the Anticodon Loop of tRNA....Pages 67-78 The Determination of Posttranscriptional Modification in RNA....Pages 79-88 RNA Polymerase I, the Nucleolus and Synthesis of 35S rRNA in the Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ....Pages 89-99 DNA Elements and Protein Factors Involved in the Regulation of Transcription of the Ribosomal RNA Genes in Yeast....Pages 101-108 Genetic Approaches to the Study of Eukaryotic Ribosomes....Pages 109-117 Regulation of Ribosomal RNA Synthesis and Control of Ribosome Formation in E. Coli ....Pages 119-130 Regulation of the Eleven Gene S10 Ribosomal Protein Operon by the 50S Subunit Protein L4....Pages 131-138 Fis-Dependent Trans -Activation of Stable RNA Operons and Bacterial Growth....Pages 139-150 Ribosomal RNA Processing in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ....Pages 151-162 Analysis of Mutations in the 23S rRNA....Pages 163-172 Extrinsic Factors in Ribosome Assembly....Pages 173-184 Non-Ribosomal Proteins Affecting the Assembly of Ribosomes in Escherichia Coli....Pages 185-195 Mechanisms of Translational Initiation and Repression in Prokaryotes....Pages 197-207 The Central Pseudoknot Connecting the Three Major Domains in 16S rRNA is Required for Translational Initiation....Pages 209-220 RNA Helicase Activity in Translation Initiation in Eukaryotes....Pages 221-228 Translation Initiation by Internal Ribosome Binding of Eukaryotic mRNA Molecules....Pages 229-240 Novel Structural and Functional Aspects of Translational Initiation Factor IF2....Pages 241-252 Translational Stop Signals: Evolution, Decoding for Protein Synthesis and Recoding for Alternative Events....Pages 253-262 The Allosteric Three-Site Model and the Mechanism of Action of Both Elongation Factors EF-Tu and EF-G....Pages 263-272 Elongation Factor Tu from Thermus Thermophilus , Structure, Domains and Interactions....Pages 273-284 Topography of the Ternary EF-Tu/GTP/Phe-tRNA Phe Complex as Studied by Crosslinking and Limited Proteolysis....Pages 285-294 Specific Functions of Elongation Factor Tu, a Molecular Switch in Protein Biosynthesis, as Studied by Site-Directed Mutagenesis....Pages 295-304 EF-Tu Stoichiometries in Code Translation....Pages 305-315 Kinetic Fluorescence Study on EF-Tu-Dependent Binding of Phe-tRNA Phe to the Ribosomal a Site....Pages 317-326 Defining the Function of EF-3, a Unique Elongation Factor in Low Fungi....Pages 327-338 Antibiotic and Protein Interactions with the Gtpase and Peptidyl Transferase Regions in 23S rRNA....Pages 339-346 Extension and Folding of Nascent Peptides on Ribosomes....Pages 347-358 Protein Synthesis and Secretion as Seen by the Nascent Protein Chain....Pages 359-370 Mutants of tRNA, Ribosomes and mRNA Affecting Frameshifting, Hopping or Stop Codon Read-Through....Pages 371-374 Use of Ribosomal Accuracy Mutants to Probe Mechanisms of Programmed Translational Frameshifts in Escherichia coli ....Pages 375-384 23S rRNA Tunes Ribosomal Accuracy....Pages 385-395 Towards Atomic Resolution of Prokaryotic Ribosomes: Crystallographic, Genetic and Biochemical Studies....Pages 397-410 Functional Site Determinations in Three Dimensions on Eukaryotic and Eubacterial Ribosomes....Pages 411-419 Messenger RNA Path Through the Procaryotic Ribosome....Pages 421-431 Mapping the Functional Centre of the Escherichia Coli Ribosome....Pages 433-444 The Arrangement of tRNA in the Ribosome....Pages 445-454 A Model of the tRNA Binding Sites on the Escherichia Coli Ribosome....Pages 455-464 Photolabile Oligodeoxyribonucleotide Probes of E. coli Ribosome Structure....Pages 465-476 The Simplicity Behind the Elucidation of Complex Structure in Ribosomal RNA....Pages 477-488 The Functional Role of Conserved Sequences of 16S Ribosomal RNA in Protein Synthesis....Pages 489-500 Crystallization and Diffraction Studies of Thermus Flavus 5S rRNA and Synthetic Fragments of the 5S rRNA....Pages 501-508 Towards Ribosomal Structure at Peptide Level: Use of Crosslinking, Antipeptide Antibodies and Limited Proteolysis....Pages 509-520 Structure and Function of Escherichia Coli Ribosomal Protein L7/L12: Effect of Cross-Links and Deletions....Pages 521-532 Structural Studies on Prokaryotic Ribosomal Proteins....Pages 533-544 Molecular Genetics of Chloroplast Ribosomes in Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ....Pages 545-554 The Nuclear Genes for Chloroplast Ribosomal Proteins L11 and L12 in Higher Plants....Pages 555-564 The Spinach Plastid Ribosome: Protein Properties and Aspects of Ribosome Biosynthesis....Pages 565-574 Structure and Function of Mammalian Mitochondrial Ribosomes....Pages 575-586 Essential Features of the Peptidyl Transferase Center in the Yeast Mitochondrial Ribosome....Pages 587-598 Genes for Mitochondrial Ribosomal Proteins in Plants....Pages 599-607 Editing Creates the Initiator Codon of the rpl 2 Transcript from Maize Chloroplasts....Pages 609-616 The Plant Mitochondrial Transfer RNA Population: A Mosaic of Species with Different Genetic Origins....Pages 617-626 Assembly of SRP from Single Polypeptides and 7S RNA....Pages 627-633 The Alu-Domain of the Signal Recognition Particle....Pages 635-645 Molecular Mechanism of the Genetic Code Variations Found in Candida Species and its Implications in Evolution of the Genetic Code....Pages 647-656 The Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Family: An Evolutionary View of Their Structural Organization....Pages 657-668 Evolution of the EF-Tu Family....Pages 669-678 The Evolution of Ribosomal Protein and Ribosomal RNA Operons: Coding Sequences, Regulatory Mechanisms and Processing Pathways....Pages 679-688 The Ribosomal Proteins: Compilation of Protein Species Equivalents from Various Organisms, Based on Evolutionary Analyses....Pages 689-700 Expression and Assembly of Chloroplast Ribosomal Proteins in E.Coli ....Pages 701-711 The Cellular Slime Mold as a Paradigm to Study Ribosome Polymorphism in Eukaryotes....Pages 713-717 Reconstitution of a Minimal Small Ribosomal Subunit....Pages 719-726 The Bifunctional Nature of Ribosomal Proteins and Speculations on Their Origins....Pages 727-737 Back Matter....Pages 739-746 **tRNA and AminoacyltRNA Synthetases:**__P. Schimmel.__**Processing, and Assembly:**__J.R. Warner, et al.__**Termination:**__D.E. Draper.__**Nascent Chain:**__K.H. Nierhaus, et al.__ Mutants of tRNA, Ribosomes, and mRNA Affecting Frameshifting, Hopping, or Stop Codon Read-Through; __Atkins, et al.__**in the Ribosome. Translation in Cell Organelles. The Translational** 64 additional articles. Index.