Thyroid Eye Disease

This book offers ophthalmologists and medical practitioners a concise, data-driven review of the information that is most relevant in guiding the diagnosis and management of thyroid-associated eye diseases (TED). __Thyroid-Associated Eye Disease__ can be read in its entirety to give a perspective of the field, but also considered as a reference as clinical questions arise. The goal is to deliver data- driven guidance and discreet approaches and suggestions useful for clinical practice and decision making. Advances in diagnostic evaluation, including autoantibody assessment, are reviewed, and the diagnostic features of euthyroid TED are also discussed. All relevant aspects of treatment are covered, from the use of radioactive iodine, long-term medical therapy, and surgical thyroidectomy through to the treatment of active TED by steroids and novel biologics and the role of minimally invasive surgery. Numerous supporting images are included, and helpful checklists will aid the practitioner in treatment decision making. This book offers ophthalmologists and medical practitioners a concise, data-driven review of the information that is most relevant in guiding the diagnosis and management of thyroid eye disease (TED). Particular attention is devoted to research and clinical trials that have advanced the field in recent years. Progress in our understanding of the pathogenesis of TED is described, and the heterogeneous natural history of TED is discussed to facilitate preemptive interventions. Advances in diagnostic evaluation, including autoantibody assessment, are reviewed with regard to their clinical utility. The diagnostic features of euthyroid TED are also carefully covered since these patients often represent a diagnostic dilemma. All relevant aspects of treatment are addressed including the role of radioactive iodine, long-term medical therapy, and surgical thyroidectomy. The impact of these treatment modalities on eye disease are discussed. Management of active TED is reviewed according to the severity of disease and in the light of recent findings and the introduction of novel agents. The discussion encompasses the role of steroids and other agents, the use of novel biologics, the medical and surgical treatment of optic neuropathy, and minimally invasive, customized reconstructive surgery. Numerous supporting images are included, and helpful checklists will aid the practitioner in treatment decision making Front Matter....Pages i-x Diagnosis and Endocrine Management of Graves’ Disease....Pages 1-11 Natural History of Thyroid Eye Disease....Pages 13-22 Emerging Role of Fibrocytes in the Pathogenesis of Thyroid Eye Disease....Pages 23-32 Management of Hyperthyroidism in the Setting of Thyroid Eye Disease....Pages 33-37 Smoking and Prevention of Thyroid Eye Disease....Pages 39-51 Nutrition and Supplements in Thyroid Eye Disease....Pages 53-61 Pregnancy and Childhood Thyroid Eye Disease....Pages 63-82 Medical Management of Mild and Moderate to Severe Thyroid Eye Disease....Pages 83-88 Management of Severe Thyroid Eye Disease and Use of Biological Agents....Pages 89-97 Strabismus in Thyroid Eye Disease....Pages 99-114 Customized Minimally Invasive Orbital Decompression for Thyroid Eye Disease....Pages 115-126 Noninvasive, Minimally Invasive, and Surgical Pearls for Cosmetic Rejuvenation of the Thyroid Eye Disease Patient....Pages 127-142 Psychological Disturbances in Thyroid Eye Disease....Pages 143-151 Back Matter....Pages 153-157