Time-saver standards for landscape architecture : design and construction data

Hundreds of landscape architecture standards--at your fingertips! Newly designed and containing a full 40 percent completely new content, Time-Saver Standards for Landscape Architecture, Second Edition, continues to be the most complete source of site design and construction standards and data. It is fully metric, to meet Federal and International requirements. It features increased coverage of: • Site storm water "best management" practices • New urban tree planting and xeriscape concepts • Earth retaining structures and pavement design • Land reclamation, including soil and vegetation restoration • Metric site layout practices, including recreation facilities • Energy and resource conservation • Natural processes and site construction procedures • New expanded construction details • Simplified construction materials data. Over 50 sections provide concise tables, checklists, "Key Point" text summaries, and illustrations to provide an invaluable information resource for offices and classrooms throughout the world. Table of Contents......Page 5 Division 100 Processes......Page 19 Construction Documents......Page 20 CONSTRUCTION......Page 21 SPECIFICATIONS......Page 29 Site Construction Operations......Page 36 Standards and Guidelines......Page 52 Spatial Standards......Page 53 INTRODUCTION......Page 54 APPLICATIONS......Page 55 Vehicular Dimensions and Spatial Requirements......Page 56 COMMUNITY PLANNING DATA......Page 73 Energy and Resource Conservation......Page 77 SITE ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT......Page 79 SITE DEVELOPMENT AND LAYOUT......Page 80 Building Orientation:......Page 81 BIOCLIMATE FUNDAMENTALS......Page 82 Biodimatic Strategies......Page 84 Human Comfort Factors......Page 85 BuildingSpacing:......Page 86 Wind Management......Page 88 Earth Shelter Strategies......Page 89 Outdoor Accessibility......Page 91 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR ACCOMMODATING......Page 92 Visual Impairments......Page 94 Manual Impairments......Page 95 DESIGN ELEMENTS AND DETAILS......Page 96 Walkways, Street Crossings and Paved Surfaces......Page 97 Walkway Furnishings......Page 100 Bus Shelters and Lifts......Page 101 International symbol of accessiblity......Page 102 Signoge......Page 104 ACCESSIBLE RECREATION......Page 105 Interpretive Trails......Page 106 Outdoor Camping and picnicking......Page 108 Fishing and Boating......Page 110 Parks and Playgrounds......Page 112 Jogging Paths......Page 113 AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATIONS......Page 114 Natural Hazards: Earthquakes......Page 115 EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKES......Page 116 ASSESSING EARTHQUAKE RISKS AND LOSSES......Page 120 LAND PLANNING, DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION IN SEISMIC ZONES ......Page 121 SOURCES OF TECHNICAL INFORMATION & ASSISTANCE......Page 125 Natural Hazards: Landslides and Snow Avalanches......Page 127 LANDSLIDES......Page 128 SNOW AVALANCHES......Page 138 SOURCES OF TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND ASSISTANCE ......Page 142 Natural Hazards: Land Subsidence......Page 143 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS......Page 144 SUBSIDENCE CAUSED BY SURFACE OR INTERNAL LOADING......Page 145 SUBSIDENCE CAUSED BY REMOVAL OF SUBSURFACE MATERIALS......Page 146 SUBSIDENCE IN PERMAFROST ZONES......Page 149 SUBSIDENCE CAUSED BY ORGANIC SOILS......Page 150 Natural Hazards: Expansive Soils......Page 151 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS......Page 152 ESTIMATION OF HAZARD......Page 153 LOSS PREVENTION AND REDUCTION......Page 154 SOURCES OF TECHNICAL INFORMATION......Page 159 Division 300 Techniques......Page 160 Site Grading......Page 161 STANDARDS......Page 162 GRADING CONCEPTS......Page 166 GRADING CRITERIA......Page 173 EARTHWORK PROCESSES......Page 184 Stormwater Management......Page 195 DESIGN INFORMANTS......Page 196 STORMWATER DESIGN ISSUES......Page 197 DESIGN PROCEDURES......Page 199 RUNOF CALCULATIONS......Page 203 CONVEYANCE TECHNIQUES......Page 221 STORAGE TECHNIQUES......Page 228 FLOW CONTROL TECHNIQUES......Page 234 FILTRATION TECHNIQUES......Page 238 INFILTRATION TECHNIQUES......Page 239 Pedestrian Circulation......Page 245 INTRODUCTION......Page 246 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PEDESTRIAN......Page 247 SPATIAL STANDARDS......Page 249 Bicycle Circulation......Page 259 PRIMARY TYPES OF BIKEWAYS......Page 260 ROUTE SELECTION AND PLANNING......Page 261 DESIGN CRITERIA......Page 262 DESIGN ELEMENTS......Page 267 Vehicular Circulation......Page 275 INTRODUCTION......Page 276 DESIGN CONTROLS......Page 277 ROADWAY DESIGN ELEMENTS ......Page 281 PARKING......Page 292 PAVEMENTS AND CURBS......Page 294 Division 400 Structures......Page 301 Retaining Walls......Page 303 INTRODUCTION......Page 304 SELECTION CRITERIA FOR RETAINING STRUCTURES......Page 308 ELEMENTS OF RETAINING STRUCTURES......Page 309 TYPES OF RETAINING STRUCTURES......Page 312 MECHANICS AND DESIGN CALCULATIONS......Page 319 DRAINAGE......Page 324 MAINTENANCE ISSUES......Page 325 Small Darns......Page 327 SELECTION OF DAM SITE......Page 328 DAMS TYPES OF AND SELECTION CRITERIA......Page 330 STABILITY ANALYSIS OF GRAVITY DAMS ......Page 336 DESIGN OF MAJOR COMPONENTS......Page 340 Surfacing and Paving......Page 347 BASIC COMPONENTS......Page 348 PAVEMENT DESIGN CRITERIA......Page 356 MATERIAL SELECTION......Page 360 Fences, Screens, and Walls......Page 361 INTRODUCTION......Page 362 CONSTRUCTION METHODS AND DETAILS......Page 365 Wood Decks and Boardwalks......Page 379 PRINCIPLES OF CONSTRUCTION......Page 380 MATERIALS......Page 384 SIZING WOOD MEMBERS......Page 385 CONSTRUCTION DETAILS......Page 393 GLOSSARY, AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATIONS......Page 399 Pedestrian Bridges......Page 401 BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION......Page 402 TYPICAL DESIGNS FOR SHORT-SPAN FOOTBRIDGES ......Page 418 TYPICAL DESIGNS FOR PREFABRICATED BRIDGES ......Page 420 MAINTENANCE OF BRIDGES......Page 421 REFERENCES......Page 424 Division 500 Improvements......Page 427 Site Furniture and Features......Page 429 DESIGN DETERMINANTS......Page 430 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS......Page 434 Recreational and Athletic Facilities......Page 443 INTRODUCTION......Page 444 TRACK AND FIELD......Page 446 MULTIPURPOSE ATHLETIC FIELD COMPLEXES......Page 450 WATER-BASED FACILITIES......Page 454 WINTER SPORTS ACTIVITIES......Page 459 SPECIAL COURSES AND AREAS......Page 461 CAMPING AND PICNICKING......Page 463 RANGE SPORTS......Page 465 SPECIAL AREAS......Page 466 TOT LOTS AND PLAYGROUNDS......Page 467 RECREATION & SPORTS ORGANIZATIONS......Page 468 Pools and Fountains......Page 471 WATER......Page 472 WATER EFFECTS......Page 473 CONTAINERS AND STRUCTURES......Page 481 OPERATING SYSTEMS......Page 486 EQUIPMENT AND PIPING SELECTION......Page 490 FOUNTAIN LIGHTING......Page 494 CONTROLS......Page 498 Outdoor Lighting......Page 501 TERMINOLOGY......Page 502 GENERAL DESIGN PRINCIPLES......Page 503 LAMP CHARACTERISTICS AND LIGHT DISTRIBUTION ......Page 506 RECOMMENDED LEVELS OF ILLUMINATION......Page 514 Plants and Planting......Page 515 DESIGN CRITERIA......Page 516 ASSESSING EXISTING VEGETATION......Page 519 PLANTING PLANS, DETAILS,AND SPECIFICATIONS......Page 520 SPECIALIZED PLANTING STRATEGIES......Page 527 REFERENCES......Page 534 Division 600 Special Conditions......Page 535 Roof and Deck Landscapes......Page 537 PROTECTION OF THE ROOF AND STRUCTURE......Page 538 SPECIAL PROVISIONS......Page 539 POOLS AND FOUNTAINS......Page 546 PROVISION FOR UTILITIES......Page 547 MAINTENANCE......Page 548 REFERENCES......Page 551 Interior Landscapes......Page 553 PHYSICAL REQUIRMENTS OF PLANTS......Page 554 TECHNIQUES TO MEET PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS......Page 557 DESIGN PROCESS......Page 561 PLANT PALETTE......Page 562 REFERENCES......Page 565 Disturbed Landscapes......Page 571 RECLAMATION PROCESS......Page 572 PROTECTION OF SOIL,WATER QUALITY, AND ADJACENT UNDISTURBED AREAS......Page 574 LANDSHAPING AND STRATIGRAPHY......Page 581 SURFACE CONDITIONING......Page 582 PLANTING......Page 587 ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF VEGETATION ......Page 589 Sound Control......Page 591 PHYSICS OF SOUND......Page 592 NOISE ESTIMATIONS AND CALCULATIONS......Page 593 CONTROL OF NOISE OUTDOORS......Page 595 DESIGN PRINCIPLES......Page 598 DESIGN APPLICATION (CASE STUDIES)......Page 600 MAINTENANCE CONSIDERATIONS......Page 603 REFERENCES......Page 606 Division 700 Smite Utilities......Page 607 Water Supply......Page 609 STANDARDS AND CRITERIA......Page 610 SOURCES OF WATER......Page 613 CONSTRAINTS ON WELL DEVELOPMENT......Page 619 GROUNDWATER FLOW ANALYSIS......Page 622 WELL RECHARGE AREA ANALYSIS......Page 623 RESERVOIR DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS......Page 624 REFERENCES......Page 627 Sewage Disposal......Page 629 SYSTEM ALTERNATIVES......Page 630 DESIGN OF SEPTIC TANKS AND LEACHING SYSTEMS......Page 635 AEROBIC SYSTEMS WITH SURFACE INFILTRATION......Page 641 AEROBIC SYSTEMS WITH SURFACE WATER DISCHARGE......Page 643 REFERENCES......Page 644 Recreational Water Bodies......Page 645 SWIMMING WATERS......Page 646 REFERENCES......Page 650 Irrigation......Page 651 WATER SOURCES......Page 652 DESIGN CRITERIA......Page 653 TYPES OF IRRIGATION......Page 656 HYDRAULICS ENGINEERING......Page 658 SPRINKLER IRRIGATION SYSTEM (DESIGN PROCEDURE)......Page 661 DRIP IRRIGATION (DESIGN PROCEDURE)......Page 668 REFERENCES......Page 669 Division 800 Materials......Page 671 Soil and Aggregates......Page 673 SOIL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS......Page 674 SOIL PROPERTIES......Page 679 AGGREGATES......Page 685 REFERENCES......Page 686 Asphalt......Page 687 ASPHALT CEMENT OR BINDER......Page 688 AGGREGATE FOR ASPHALT PAVEMENTS......Page 689 ASPHALT PAVING MIXTURES......Page 693 PRINCIPLES OF ASPHALT PAVEMENT DESIGN......Page 696 THICKNESS DESIGN OF ASPHALT PAVEMENTS......Page 697 MISCELLANEOUS......Page 708 AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATIONS......Page 710 Concrete......Page 711 INTRODUCTION......Page 712 AGGREGATE FOR CONCRETE......Page 713 ADMIXTURES FOR CONCRETE......Page 714 PREPARATION AND PLACEMENT OF CONCRETE......Page 715 GLOSSARY......Page 725 REFERENCES......Page 730 Masonry......Page 732 CLAY MASONRY......Page 733 CONCRETE MASONRY......Page 738 STONE MASONRY......Page 740 MORTAR AND REINFORCEMENT......Page 746 INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS AND AGENCIES......Page 752 Wood......Page 756 INTRODUCTION......Page 757 LUMBER CLASSIFICATION......Page 764 STANDARD LUMBER DIMENSIONS......Page 767 SPECIAL PRODUCTS......Page 768 PROTECTIVE TREATMENTS......Page 774 AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATION......Page 776 Metals......Page 780 INTRODUCTION......Page 781 METALS USED IN CONSTRUCTION......Page 782 COMMON METAL PRODUCTS......Page 789 WELDED JOINTS AND SYMBOLS......Page 793 REFERENCES......Page 794 Plastics and Glass......Page 808 PLASTICS......Page 809 GLASS......Page 813 REFERENCES......Page 815 Geotextiles......Page 816 BASIC FUNCTIONS OF GEOTEXTILES......Page 817 GEOTEXTILE MATERIALS......Page 818 SITE APPLICATIONS......Page 819 REFERENCES......Page 823 Division 900 Details and Devices......Page 824 Details and Devices......Page 826 MAINTENANCE......Page 827 General Notes......Page 828 General Notes......Page 834 General Notes......Page 836 General Notes......Page 838 General Notes......Page 840 General Notes......Page 842 General Notes......Page 846 General Notes......Page 850 General Notes......Page 852 INTRODUCTION......Page 856 General Notes......Page 860 General Notes......Page 864 General Notes......Page 866 General Notes......Page 872 INTRODUCTION......Page 878 General Notes......Page 882 General Notes......Page 886 General Notes......Page 890 DERIVED UNITS......Page 894 DRAWING 'SCALES......Page 895 RULES FOR STRUCTURAL CALCULATIONS......Page 896 CONVERSION FACTORS......Page 897 CONSTRUCTION TRADES......Page 898 Index......Page 900 Illustration Source Notes......Page 914 About the Editors......Page 922 The Site Design And Construction Reference Of The Design Professions. Newly Designed And Containing 40 Percent Completely New Content, Time-saver Standards For Landscape Architecture, Second Edition, Continues To Be The Most Complete Source Of Site Construction Standards And Data For The Design And Planning Professions And Related Academic Disciplines. It Maintains And Enhances Its Emphasis On Promoting Environmentally Suitable Techniques, Processes, And Materials Aimed At Mitigating The Impact Of Construction Intervention. This Essential And Comprehensive Second Edition Not Only Covers The Major Changes That Have Occurred In The Last Decade, It Also Serves As A Framework For Future Trends. It Is Fully Metric, To Meet Federal And International Requirements, With Expanded Coverage Of Handicapped Access And Human Dimensional Standards. Time-saver Standards For Landscape Architecture, Second Edition, Features Increased Coverage Of: Site Storm Water ``best Management'' Practices; New Urban Tree Planting And Xeriscape Concepts; Earth Retaining Structures And Pavement Design; Land Reclamation, Including Soil And Vegetation Restoration; Metric Site Layout Practices, Including Recreation Facilities; Energy And Resource Conservation; Natural Proceseses And Site Construction Proceduers; New Expanded Construction Details; Simplified Construction Materials Data. In The Time Honored Tradition Of Time-saver Standards, This Second Edition Combines The Expertise Of Over 200 Design Professionals To Create A Working Resource For All Who Plan, Design, Manage, And Build Human Landscapes. Over 50 Sections Provide Concise Tables, Checklists, ``key Point'' Text Summaries, And Illustrations To Provide An Invaluable Information Resource For Offices And Classrooms Throughout The World. Processes -- Standards And Guidelines -- Techniques -- Structures -- Improvements -- Special Conditions -- Site Utilities -- Materials. Co-editors, Charles W. Harris, Nicholas T. Dines ; Assitant Editor, Kyle D. Brown. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Publisher's Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. Hundreds of landscape architecture standards--at your fingertips! Newly designed and containing a full 40 percent completely new content, Time-Saver Standards for Landscape Architecture, Second Edition, continues to be the most complete source of site design and construction standards and data. It is fully metric, to meet Federal and International requirements. It features increased coverage Site storm water "best management" practices New urban tree planting and xeriscape concepts Earth retaining structures and pavement design Land reclamation, including soil and vegetation restoration Metric site layout practices, including recreation facilities Energy and resource conservation Natural processes and site construction procedures New expanded construction details Simplified construction materials data. Over 50 sections provide concise tables, checklists, "Key Point" text summaries, and illustrations to provide an invaluable information resource for offices and classrooms throughout the world.