Tropical Anemia

Anaemia is the common health problem all over the world. The term 'tropical anaemia' means the anaemic disorders, which are predominant in the tropical region of the world. The purpose of this book is to summarise and present the topics specifically relating to the anaemia in the forms that is unique in the tropical countries. Due to the globalisation in the present day, the change in the epidemiology of diseases from one site to the others all around the world can be expected. The summative on the common anaemic problems in the tropical countries can be and should be performed. This book can make them at least realise the problems. The details of this book focus on the anaemia in the aspects relating to the tropical medicine. The book covers specifically the clinical aspects, scientific laboratory aspects, public health aspects as well as the social sciences relating to anaemia in important tropical diseases. The common tropical diseases, including inherited disorders and infectious diseases, which relate to the anaemia are summarised, presented and discussed. Mainly the book presents summative data from the molecular to the population scales, as well as additional metanalysis for important topics. In addition, the diagnostic guideline and clinical practice guideline of the mentioned conditions are presented. TROPICAL ANEMIA......Page 2 NOTICE TO THE READER......Page 5 Contents......Page 6 Preface......Page 8 Some Basic Knowledge on Anemia......Page 10 1. Factors Contributing to Tropical Anemia......Page 15 2. Magnitude of Tropical Anemia......Page 20 References......Page 23 Introduction to Malarial Anemia......Page 28 Genetic Basis of Malarial Anemia......Page 29 Pathophysiology of Malarial Anemia......Page 32 Clinical Manifestation of Malarial Anemia......Page 34 Management of Malarial Anemia......Page 35 References......Page 37 Introduction to Non-Malarial ProtozoaInduced Anemia......Page 42 A. Anemia and Babesia......Page 43 B. Anemia and Leishmania......Page 45 C. Anemia and Trypanosoma......Page 46 D. Anemia and Toxoplasma......Page 47 Anemia Due to Intestinal Protozoa......Page 49 Trichomonas......Page 50 References......Page 51 Intestinal Helminth Infestation and Anemia......Page 56 1. What Is Hookworm and Hookworm Infestation?......Page 57 2. Hookworm and Anemia......Page 58 3. Anemia in Schistosomiasis......Page 62 References......Page 65 Bacterial Infections and Anemia......Page 70 1. Leptospirosis and Anemia......Page 71 2. Tuberculosis and Anemia......Page 72 3. Anemia and Escherichia Coli Infection......Page 73 4. Anemia and Syphilis......Page 74 5. Anemia and Shigellosis......Page 75 7. Brucellosis and Anemia......Page 76 8. Anemia and Anthrax......Page 77 2. Anemia and H. Pylori Infection......Page 78 Macrocytic Anemia in Bacterial Infection......Page 79 References......Page 80 Fungal Infections and Anemia......Page 86 1. Anemia and Histoplasmosis......Page 87 2. Anemia and Penicillosis......Page 88 3. Anemia and Candidiasis......Page 89 4. Anemia and Cryptococcosis......Page 91 5. Anemia and Aspergillosis......Page 92 References......Page 93 1. Cytomegalovirus Infection......Page 98 2. Ebstein-Barr Virus Infection......Page 99 3. Herpes Virus Infection and Chicken Pox......Page 100 4. Parvovirus Infection......Page 101 5. Hepatitis Virus Infection......Page 102 8. Rubella......Page 104 10. Pilio and Gastroenteritis Viruses Infection......Page 105 11. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection......Page 106 References......Page 108 Molecular Basis of Thalassemia......Page 114 Southeast Asia......Page 117 South Asia......Page 118 Pathophysiology of Thalassemia......Page 119 Clinical Manifestation of Thalassemia......Page 120 A. Screening Test......Page 121 B. Definitive Test......Page 124 Management for Anemia in Thalassemia......Page 125 References......Page 127 Introduction to Hemoglobinopathy......Page 132 Hemoglobin E......Page 133 Hemoglobin Suan-Dok......Page 136 Hemoglobin Constant Spring......Page 137 Hemoglobin S......Page 138 Hemoglobin C......Page 141 References......Page 142 Introduction to Glucose-6-PhosphaseDehydrogenase Deficiency......Page 146 Pathogenesis of Glucose-6-Phosphase Dehydrogenase Deficiency......Page 147 Clinical Manifestations of Glucose-6-Phosphase Dehydrogenase Deficiency......Page 148 Diagnosis of Glucose-6-Phosphase Dehydrogenase Deficiency......Page 149 Management of Glucose-6-Phosphase Dehydrogenase Deficiency......Page 150 Glucose-6-Phosphase Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Southeast Asia......Page 151 Glucose-6-Phosphase Dehydrogenase Deficiency in South Asia......Page 152 Glucose-6-Phosphase Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Latin America......Page 153 References......Page 154 Introduction to Nutritional Anemia......Page 158 Anemia and Carbohydrate Malnutrition......Page 159 Anemia and Lipid Malnutrition......Page 160 Anemia and Vitamin Malnutrition......Page 161 Anemia and Mineral Malnutrition......Page 165 Nutritional Anemia in Tropical Asia......Page 166 Nutritional Anemia in Tropical Africa......Page 167 References......Page 168 Introduction to Iron Deficiency Anemia......Page 172 Molecular and Genetic Basis ofIron Deficiency Anemia......Page 173 Pathogenesis of Iron Deficiency Anemia......Page 176 Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency Anemia......Page 177 Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia......Page 179 Summary of Iron Deficiency Anemiain the Tropics......Page 180 References......Page 182 Introduction to Tropical Sprue......Page 186 Molecular and Genetic Basis of Tropical Sprue......Page 187 Pathogenesis of Tropical Sprue......Page 188 Clinical Presentation of Tropical Sprue......Page 189 Treatment of Anemia Due to Tropical Sprue......Page 190 Summary of Anemia Due to Tropical Spruein the Tropics......Page 191 References......Page 192 Introduction to Tropical Toxin......Page 194 1. Venomous Snake Toxin and Anemia......Page 195 2. Marine Envenomation and Anemia......Page 196 3. Arthropod Sting and Anemia......Page 197 5. Fungal Toxin and Anemia......Page 198 6. Mushroom Toxin and Anemia......Page 199 7. Phytotoxin and Anemia......Page 200 References......Page 201 Anemia in Agricultural Occupations......Page 206 Anemia in Industrial Occupations......Page 208 References......Page 213 Introduction to Anemia of Pregnancy......Page 218 Pathogenesis of Anemia in Pregnancy......Page 219 Common Etiologies of Anemia of Pregnancy......Page 221 1. Iron Deficiency Anemia......Page 222 3. Thalassemia......Page 224 6. Malarial Anemia......Page 225 8. Hemolytic Anemia......Page 226 11. Anemia in the Pregnant with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection......Page 227 Summary of Anemia in the Pregnant in theTropical Countries......Page 228 References......Page 229 1. Anemia in Neonate......Page 234 3. Anemia in Children......Page 236 1. Anemia Due to Obstetric Complication......Page 237 2. Anemia Due to Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn......Page 238 3. Hypoplastic Anemia......Page 241 1. Infection-Related Anemia......Page 242 2. Anemia Due to Advance Stage of Inherited Anemic Disorders......Page 243 1. Anemia in Drugs and Substance Abuse......Page 244 References......Page 245 Introduction to Geriatric Anemia......Page 250 1. Cancer-Related Anemia......Page 252 2. Iron Deficiency Anemia......Page 253 5. Megaloblastic Anemia......Page 256 7. Anemia Due To Chronic Poor Habitual Practice......Page 257 8. Anemia Due to Chronic Diseases......Page 258 Geriatric Anemia in the Tropics......Page 260 References......Page 261 Introduction to Emerging andReemerging Diseases......Page 266 Important Emerging and ReemergingDiseases and Tropical Anemia......Page 267 A. Anemia and Infectious Emerging Diseases......Page 268 B. Anemia and Non-Infectious Emerging Problems......Page 274 References......Page 275 Introduction to Laboratory Quality System......Page 280 1. General Principles for Hematology Laboratory Quality Management......Page 281 2. Some Aspects in Technical Process for Hemoglobin Determination......Page 284 Quality System for the Hematology Laboratoryin the Tropical Countries......Page 285 1. Tropical Asia......Page 286 3. Latin America......Page 287 References......Page 288 Index......Page 292 Introduction to tropical anemia Malarial anemia Non-malarial protozoa induced anemia Hookworm anemia and other intestinal helminth induced anemia Anemia in bacterial infections Anemia in fungal infections Anemia in viral diseases Advance in thalassemia Tropical hemoglobinopathy Glucose-6-phosophate dehydrogenase deficiency in tropical countries Nutritional anemia in the tropical countries Iron deficiency in the tropics Tropical sprue and anemia Anemia and tropical toxin Occupational induced anemia in the tropics Anemia in the pregnant in the tropical countries Anemia in the infanthood and childhood in the tropical countries Anemia in the elderly in the tropical countries Emerging and reemerging anemic diseases in the tropics Quality system of hematology laboratory in the tropical countries.