Understanding Intercultural Communication:2nd Revised: edition

Written in a conversational style, this book introduces students to the foundations of intercultural communication, a vibrant discipline within the field. Authors Stella Ting-Toomey and Leeva Chung take a multicontextual, inclusive approach that balances international and intercultural communication issues against U.S. domestic diversity issues. In addition to emphasizing a value-oriented perspective on intercultural encounters, the text contains a robust ethical chapter, complete with specific guidelines that will help students become ethical intercultural communicators. By integrating current empirical research with lively intercultural examples, the authors ask thought-provoking questions and pose ethical dilemmas for students to ponder. The text offers a sprawling treatment of such topics as ethnic and cultural identity change, culture shock and intercultural adjustment, romantic relationships and raising bicultural children, global identity challenges, and decision-making choices in intercultural ethics. NEW TO THIS EDITION: * Two new special features, Blog Pic and Blog Post, which update all the photos and poignant personal stories found throughout the first edition * A greater focus on the impact of technology on intercultural communication message exchange processes * An updated discussion of multiracial and biracial identity in Chapter 4 * Updates to the popular Jeopardy Boxes · More than 250 new references * Live-chat, a special boxed feature, which emphasizes the importance of adaptive code-switching in managing intercultural misunderstanding via lively dialogue SUPPORT PACKAGE FOR INSTRUCTORS: An Instructor's Manual / Test Bank that contains more than 500 pages of original exercises, activities, up-to-date media resources, classical and contemporary film lists, sample syllabi, and paper assignments. A password-protected Companion Website that features the Instructor's Manual, PowerPoint lecture slides, a Student Success Manual, and links to supplemental material and films. Copyright......Page 4 PREFACE......Page 17 ABOUT THE AUTHORS......Page 22 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 23 part I. FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS IN INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION......Page 27 chapter 1. Why Study Intercultural Communication?......Page 29 Adjusting to Global Workplace Heterogeneity......Page 31 Adapting to Domestic Workforce Diversity......Page 33 Engaging in Creative Multicultural Problem Solving......Page 34 Comprehending the Role of Technology in Global Communication......Page 35 Facilitating Better Multicultural Health Care Communication......Page 36 Enhancing Intercultural Relationship Satisfaction......Page 37 Fostering Global and Intrapersonal Peace......Page 39 Deepening Self-Awareness and Other-Awareness......Page 40 Culture: A Learned Meaning System......Page 41 Surface-Level Culture: Popular Culture......Page 42 Intermediate-Level Culture: Symbols, Meanings, and Norms......Page 44 Deep-Level Culture: Traditions, Beliefs, and Values......Page 45 Stamping Your Intercultural Passport......Page 47 chapter 2. What Is Intercultural Communication Flexibility?......Page 48 Intercultural Communication Process: Overall Characteristics......Page 50 Intercultural Communication: Meaning Characteristics......Page 53 Three Content Components: Knowledge, Attitude, and Skills......Page 54 Three Criteria: Appropriateness, Effectiveness, and Adaptability......Page 55 A Staircase Model......Page 56 An Essential Hook: A Mindful Perspective......Page 58 Process Consciousness: Underlying Principles......Page 59 Intercultural Reality Check: Do-Ables......Page 63 chapter 3. What Are the Essential Cultural Value Patterns?......Page 64 Identity Meaning Function......Page 66 Explanatory Function......Page 67 Ingroup–Outgroup Evaluative Function......Page 68 Discovering Cultural Values......Page 69 Identity: Individualism–Collectivism Value Pattern......Page 70 Power: Small–Large Power Distance Value Pattern......Page 74 Uncertainty: Weak–Strong Uncertainty Avoidance Value Pattern......Page 76 Sex Roles: Feminine–Masculine Value Pattern......Page 77 Value Orientations: Background Information......Page 78 Meaning: Activity Value Orientation......Page 79 Destiny: People–Nature Value Orientation......Page 80 Time: Temporal Value Orientation......Page 82 Individual Socialization Development......Page 83 Independent versus Interdependent Self-Construal......Page 84 Internal versus External Locus of Control......Page 85 Intercultural Reality Check: Do-Ables......Page 88 chapter 4. What Are the Keys to Understanding Cultural and Ethnic Identities?......Page 90 Families Come in Different Shapes......Page 92 Gender Socialization and Interaction Patterns......Page 95 The Process of Acculturation and Enculturation......Page 96 Systems-Level Factors......Page 97 Individual-Level Factors......Page 100 Interpersonal Face-to-Face and Network-Level Factors......Page 101 Group Affiliation and Identity Formation......Page 102 Cultural Identity Conceptualization......Page 103 Ethnic Identity Conceptualization......Page 105 Ethnic–Racial Identity Change Process......Page 107 Cultural–Ethnic Identity Typological Model......Page 108 Racial–Ethnic Identity Development Model......Page 109 Multiracial and Biracial Identity......Page 110 Intercultural Reality Check: Do-Ables......Page 112 part II. CROSSING CULTURAL AND COMMUNICATION BOUNDARIES ADAPTIVELY......Page 115 chapter 5. What Is Culture Shock?......Page 117 Characteristics of Culture Shock......Page 119 Approaching Culture Shock: Underlying Factors......Page 121 Intercultural Adjustment: Developmental Patterns......Page 124 The U-Curve Adjustment Model......Page 126 The Revised W-Shape Adjustment Model......Page 127 Reentry Culture Shock......Page 132 Reentry Culture Shock: Surprising Elements......Page 133 Resocialization: Different Returnees’ Profiles......Page 134 Intercultural Reality Check: Do-Ables......Page 135 chapter 6. What Is the Connection Between Verbal Communication and Culture?......Page 136 Distinctive Language Features......Page 138 Multiple Rule Patterns......Page 141 The Cultural Worldview Function......Page 144 The Everyday Social Reality Function......Page 145 The Cognitive Shaping Function......Page 146 The Group Membership Identity Function......Page 147 The Social Change Function......Page 148 Defining Low-Context and High-Context Interaction Patterns......Page 149 Direct and Indirect Verbal Styles......Page 151 Self-Enhancement and Self-Humbling Verbal Styles......Page 152 Beliefs Expressed in Talk and Silence......Page 153 Intercultural Reality Check: Do-Ables......Page 154 chapter 7. What Are the Different Ways to Communicate Nonverbally Across Cultures?......Page 156 The Impact of Nonverbal Communication......Page 158 Making Sense of Nonverbal Communication......Page 159 Verbal and Nonverbal Comparisons......Page 160 Physical Appearance......Page 161 Paralanguage......Page 163 Facial Expressions......Page 164 Gestures......Page 167 Haptics......Page 170 Boundary Regulations......Page 171 Environmental Boundaries......Page 172 Psychological Boundaries......Page 173 Regulating Time......Page 174 Intercultural Reality Check: Do-Ables......Page 178 part III. MANAGING CHALLENGES IN INTERCULTURAL RELATIONSHIPS FLEXIBLY......Page 181 chapter 8. What Causes Us to Hold Biases Against Outgroups?......Page 183 Selective Attention......Page 185 Selective Interpretation......Page 186 Ethnocentrism and Communication......Page 187 Stereotypes and Communication......Page 191 Stereotypes: We Are What We Watch......Page 193 Us versus Them......Page 194 Group Membership Struggles......Page 195 Intergroup Attribution Biases......Page 196 Prejudice: Multiple Explanations and Functions......Page 197 Prejudiced Remarks or Innocent Jokes?......Page 198 Four Discriminatory Practices......Page 199 Different Types of Racism......Page 201 Reducing Prejudice and Discrimination......Page 203 Intercultural Reality Check: Do-Ables......Page 204 chapter 9. How Can We Manage Intercultural Conflict Flexibly?......Page 205 Culture-Based Conflict Lenses......Page 207 Intercultural Workplace Conflict Grid......Page 208 Intercultural Conflict Goal Issues......Page 213 Perceived Scarce Resources......Page 215 Defining Conflict Styles......Page 216 Cross-Cultural Conflict Styles......Page 221 Cross-Ethnic Conflict Styles and Facework......Page 222 Facework Management......Page 224 Mindful Listening......Page 225 Mindful Reframing......Page 227 Intercultural Reality Check: Do-Ables......Page 228 chapter 10. What Are the Challenges in Developing an Intercultural-Intimate Relationship?......Page 230 Cultural–Ethnic Membership Values......Page 232 Love Expectations and Expressions......Page 233 Autonomy–Connection Issues......Page 234 Communication Decoding Issues......Page 236 Perceived Physical Attractiveness......Page 237 Perceived Similarity......Page 238 Cross-Cultural Self-Disclosure Comparisons......Page 239 Third-Party Matchmakers: Online and Mobile Dating......Page 242 Intercultural–Interracial Romantic Relationship Development......Page 244 The Encounter: Prejudice and Racism......Page 246 Countering Racism and Prejudice: Coping Strategies......Page 248 Relational Transgressions and Terminations......Page 249 Bicultural Identity Struggles......Page 250 Cultivating a Secure, Multifaceted Identity......Page 251 Intercultural Reality Check: Do-Ables......Page 252 chapter 11. What Are the Communication Issues Facing a Global Identity?......Page 254 The Internet as Our Central Station......Page 256 Wired Communication......Page 257 The Transformation of Local and Global Identities......Page 258 The Lens of Television: Identity Imitation......Page 259 Global Television Impact......Page 261 Outsourced Beats: You Are What You Can Dance To......Page 262 You Are What You Wear: Pop Culture as Fashion......Page 263 Who and What Are e.netizens?......Page 264 Characteristics of an e.netizen Identity......Page 266 The Dialectical Pulls of an e.netizen......Page 267 Spatial Zone Dialectics......Page 268 Temporal Dialectics......Page 269 Gadget Communication Patterns: Fast and Furious......Page 270 Language Styles: Text, Tweet, Talk......Page 271 Communicating to Be Social Change Agents......Page 272 Personal Identities in Flux: The Global Face......Page 273 Intercultural Reality Check: Do-Ables......Page 274 chapter 12. How Can We Become Ethical Intercultural Communicators?......Page 276 Global Standard Procedure and Local Justice Issues......Page 278 Corporate Responsibility and Local Customary Practice......Page 280 Multiple Ethical Positions: Assessing Pros and Cons......Page 281 Ethical Absolutism Position......Page 282 Ethical Universalism Position......Page 283 Meta-Ethics Contextualism Position......Page 284 Becoming Ethical Intercultural Communicators: Questions to Consider......Page 285 Becoming Flexible: Final Passport Do-Ables......Page 287 In Conclusion.........Page 291 REFERENCES......Page 293 GLOSSARY......Page 323 AUTHOR INDEX......Page 337 SUBJECT INDEX......Page 343 "Written in a conversational style, this book introduces students to the foundations of intercultural communication, a vibrant discipline within the field. Authors Stella Ting-Toomey and Leeva Chung take a multicontextual, inclusive approach that balances international and intercultural communication issues against U.S. domestic diversity issues. In addition to emphasizing a value-oriented perspective on intercultural encounters, the text contains a robust ethical chapter, complete with specific guidelines that will help students become ethical intercultural communicators. By integrating current empirical research with lively intercultural examples, the authors ask thought-provoking questions and pose ethical dilemmas for students to ponder. The text offers a sprawling treatment of such topics as ethnic and cultural identity change, culture shock and intercultural adjustment, romantic relationships and raising bicultural children, global identity challenges, and decision-making choices in intercultural ethics."--Site web de l'éditeur