Understanding Pathophysiology 7th Edition

Make difficult pathophysiology concepts come to life! Filled with vibrant illustrations, simplified language, and detailed online content Understanding Pathophysiology, 7th Edition delivers the most accurate information on treatments, manifestations, and mechanisms of disease across the lifespan. This new edition is fully revised and includes coverage of rare diseases and epigenetics to you with a thorough understanding of conditions affecting the human body. Plus, with over 30 new 3D animations on the companion Evolve site, quick check boxes at the end of each chapter, and disease progression algorithms, this text helps you engage with the fundamental knowledge you need to succeed in nursing school and in practice. Key Features: -Student resources include animations, review questions, answers to the Quick Check boxes (featured in the text), chapter summary reviews, and case study with answers for select chapters. -Algorithms throughout the text clarify disease progression. -Did You Know boxes highlight new developments in biologic research, diagnostic studies, preventive care, treatments, and more. -Quick Check boxes tests your retention of important chapter concepts. -Risk Factor boxes alert you to important safety considerations associated with specific diseases. -Summary Review sections provide fast, efficient review of chapter content. -Geriatric Considerations boxes and Pediatric Considerations boxes highlight key considerations for these demographics in relevant chapters. -Consistent presentation helps you to better distinguish pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and evaluation and treatment for each disease. -Glossary of approximately 1,000 terms familiarizes you with the most difficult or important terminology related to pathophysiology. Title Page Table of Contents Copyright Contributors Reviewers Preface Organization and Content for the Seventh Edition Features to Promote Learning Art Program Teaching/Learning Package Acknowledgments Dedication Introduction to Pathophysiology Part 1 Basic Concepts of Pathophysiology Unit 1 The Cell 1 Cellular Biology Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Cellular Functions Structure and Function of Cellular Components Cell-to-Cell Adhesions Cellular Communication and Signal Transduction Cellular Metabolism Membrane Transport: Cellular Intake and Output Cellular Reproduction: The Cell Cycle Tissues Summary Review Key Terms References 2 Genes and Genetic Diseases DNA, RNA, and Proteins: Heredity at the Molecular Level Chromosomes Elements of Formal Genetics Transmission of Genetic Diseases Linkage Analysis and Gene Mapping Multifactorial Inheritance Summary Review Key Terms References 3 Epigenetics and Disease Epigenetic Mechanisms Epigenetics and Human Development Epigenetics in Genomic Imprinting Environmental Impacts on Epigenetic Information Epigenetics and Cancer Future Directions Summary Review Key Terms References Additional Readings 4 Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology Cellular Adaptation Cellular Injury Manifestations of Cellular Injury Cellular Death Aging and Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology Somatic Death Summary Review Key Terms References 5 Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases Distribution of Body Fluids and Electrolytes Alterations in Water Movement Sodium, Chloride, and Water Balance Alterations in Sodium, Chloride, and Water Balance Alterations in Potassium and Other Electrolytes Acid–Base Balance Pediatric Considerations Geriatric Considerations Summary Review Key Terms References Unit 2 Mechanisms of Self-Defense 6 Innate Immunity Human Defense Mechanisms Innate Immunity Acute and Chronic Inflammation Wound Healing Pediatric Considerations Geriatric Considerations Summary Review Key Terms References 7 Adaptive Immunity Overview of Adaptive Immunity Antigens and Immunogens Immune Response: Collaboration of B Cells and T Cells Humoral Immunity (Antibodies) Cell-Mediated Immunity Pediatric Considerations Geriatric Considerations Summary Review Key Terms References 8 Alterations in Immunity Hypersensitivity Reactions Immunologic Mechanisms of Hypersensitivity Reactions Deficiencies in Immunity Secondary (Acquired) Immune Deficiencies Summary Review Key Terms References 9 Infection Microorganisms and Humans: a Dynamic Relationship Infectious Disease Antibiotic/Antimicrobial Resistance Vaccines and Protection Against Infection Summary Review Key Terms References 10 Stress and Disease Background and General Concepts of Stress The Stress Systems Chronic Stress at an Early Age Increases the Risk of Developing Long-Lasting Pathophysiologic Alterations Linked to Poor Health and to Disease Negative Effects of Stress on Telomere Length, Aging, and Disease Coping and Intervention Strategies Summary Review Key Terms References Unit 3 Cellular Proliferation: Cancer 11 Cancer Biology Cancer Terminology and Characteristics The Biology of Cancer Cells Clinical Manifestations of Cancer Diagnosis and Staging of Cancer Treatment of Cancer Summary Review Key Terms References 12 Cancer Epidemiology Genetics, Epigenetics, and Tissue In Utero and Early Life Conditions Environmental-Lifestyle Factors Summary Review Key Terms References 13 Cancer in Children and Adolescents Incidence, Etiology, and Types of Childhood Cancer Prognosis Summary Review Key Terms References Part 2 Body Systems and Diseases Unit 4 The Neurologic System 14 Structure and Function of the Neurologic System Overview and Organization of the Nervous System Cells of the Nervous System The Nerve Impulse Central Nervous System Blood Supply Peripheral Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System Geriatric Considerations Summary Review Key Terms References 15 Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function Pain Temperature Regulation Sleep The Special Senses Geriatric Considerations Geriatric Considerations Somatosensory Function Summary Review Key Terms References 16 Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function Alterations in Cognitive Systems Alterations in Cerebral Hemodynamics Alterations in Neuromotor Function Alterations in Complex Motor Performance Extrapyramidal Motor Syndromes Summary Review Key Terms References 17 Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular Junction Central Nervous System Disorders Peripheral Nervous System and Neuromuscular Junction Disorders Tumors of the Central Nervous System Summary Review Key Terms References 18 Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children Development of the Nervous System in Children Structural Malformations Alterations in Function: Encephalopathies Cerebrovascular Disease in Children Childhood Tumors Summary Review Key Terms References Unit 5 The Endocrine System 19 Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation Structure and Function of the Endocrine Glands Geriatric Considerations Summary Review Key Terms References 20 Alterations of Hormonal Regulation Mechanisms of Hormonal Alterations Alterations of the Hypothalamic–Pituitary System Alterations of Thyroid Function Alterations of Parathyroid Function Dysfunction of the Endocrine Pancreas: Diabetes Mellitus Alterations of Adrenal Function Summary Review Key Terms References 21 Obesity, Starvation, and Anorexia of Aging Adipose Tissue Obesity Starvation Anorexia of Aging Summary Review Key Terms References Unit 6 The Hematologic System 22 Structure and Function of the Hematologic System Components of the Hematologic System Development of Blood Cells Mechanisms of Hemostasis Pediatrics and Blood Aging and Blood Summary Review Key Terms References 23 Alterations of Hematologic Function Anemia Myeloproliferative Red Cell Disorders Alterations of Leukocyte Function Alterations of Lymphoid Function Alterations of Splenic Function Hemorrhagic Disorders and Alterations of Platelets and Coagulation Summary Review Key Terms References 24 Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children Disorders of Erythrocytes Disorders of Coagulation and Platelets Neoplastic Disorders Summary Review Key Terms References Unit 7 The Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems 25 Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems Circulatory System Heart Systemic Circulation The Lymphatic System Summary Review Key Terms References 26 Alterations of Cardiovascular Function Diseases of the Veins Diseases of the Arteries Disorders of the Heart Wall Manifestations of Heart Disease Shock Summary Review Key Terms References 27 Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children Congenital Heart Disease Acquired Cardiovascular Disorders Summary Review Key Terms References Unit 8 The Pulmonary System 28 Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System Structures of the Pulmonary System Function of the Pulmonary System Geriatric Considerations Summary Review Key Terms References 29 Alterations of Pulmonary Function Clinical Manifestations of Pulmonary Alterations Pulmonary Disorders Summary Review Key Terms References 30 Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children Disorders of the Upper Airways Disorders of the Lower Airways Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Summary Review Key Terms References Unit 9 The Renal and Urologic Systems 31 Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems Structures of the Renal System Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration Kidney Function Tests of Renal Function Pediatric Considerations Geriatric Considerations Summary Review Key Terms References 32 Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function Urinary Tract Obstruction Urinary Tract Infection Glomerular Disorders Acute Kidney Injury Chronic Kidney Disease Summary Review Key Terms References 33 Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children Structural Abnormalities Glomerular Disorders Nephroblastoma Bladder Disorders Urinary Incontinence Summary Review Key Terms References Unit 10 The Reproductive Systems 34 Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems Development of the Reproductive Systems The Female Reproductive System Structure and Function of the Breast The Male Reproductive System Aging and Reproductive Function Summary Review Key Terms References 35 Alterations of the Female Reproductive System Abnormalities of the Female Reproductive Tract Alterations of Sexual Maturation Disorders of the Female Reproductive System Disorders of the Female Breast Summary Review Key Terms References 36 Alterations of the Male Reproductive System Alterations of Sexual Maturation Disorders of the Male Reproductive System References Disorders of the Male Breast Sexually Transmitted Infections Summary Review Key Terms References Unit 11 The Digestive System 37 Structure and Function of the Digestive System The Gastrointestinal Tract Accessory Organs of Digestion Geriatric Considerations Summary Review Key Terms References 38 Alterations of Digestive Function Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders of the Accessory Organs of Digestion Cancer of the Digestive System Summary Review Key Terms References 39 Alterations of Digestive Function in Children Congenital Impairment of Motility in the Gastrointestinal Tract Acquired Impairment of Motility in the Gastrointestinal Tract Impairment of Digestion, Absorption, and Nutrition Diarrhea Disorders of the Liver Summary Review Key Terms References Unit 12 The Musculoskeletal and Integumentary Systems 40 Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System Structure and Function of Bones Structure and Function of Joints Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscles Aging & the Musculoskeletal System Summary Review Key Terms References 41 Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function Musculoskeletal Injuries Disorders of Bones Disorders of Joints References Disorders of Skeletal Muscle Musculoskeletal Tumors Summary Review Key Terms References 42 Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children Congenital Defects Bone and Joint Infection Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Osteochondroses Scoliosis Neuromuscular Disorders Musculoskeletal Tumors Nonaccidental Trauma Summary Review Key Terms References 43 Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument Structure and Function of the Skin Disorders of the Skin Disorders of the Hair Disorders of the Nail Geriatric Considerations Summary Review Key Terms References 44 Alterations of the Integument in Children Acne Vulgaris Dermatitis Infections of the Skin Insect Bites and Parasites Cutaneous Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations Other Skin Disorders Summary Review Key Terms References Index Prefixes and Suffixes Used in Medical Terminology Word Roots Commonly Used in Medical Terminology