Urban Remote Sensing, Second Edition

Urban Remote Sensing, Second Edition assembles a team of professional experts to provide a much-needed update on the applications of remote sensing technology to urban and suburban areas. This book reflects new developments in spaceborne and airborne sensors, image processing methods and techniques, and wider applications of urban remote sensing to meet societal and economic challenges. In various sections of the book the authors address methods for upscaling urban feature extraction to the global scale, new methods in mapping and detecting urban landscape features and structures, and mapping and monitoring urbanization in developing countries. Additionally, readers are provided with valuable case studies such as the HEAT (Heat Energy Assessment Technologies) project in Calgary, Canada and the use of VHR (very high resolution) satellite monitoring in Salzburg, Austria to tackle challenges of urban green planning. Features Explores the most up-to-date developments in the field of urban remote sensing Integrates both technical and practical aspects covering all different topics of global urban growth issues Provides new and updated contributions addressing data mining of remotely sensed big data, recent urban studies on a global scale, accuracy assessment and validation, and new technical challenges Examines various applications of urban remote sensing in support of urban planning, environmental management, and sustainable urban development Authors are renowned figures in the field of remote sensing Content: Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Preface Earth Observation for a Sustainable Earth Addressing the Needs in Developing Countries Synopsis of the Book Acknowledgments References Editors Contributors Section I : Data, Sensors, and Systems Considerations and Algorithms for Urban Feature Extraction Chapter 1: The Global Urban Footprint 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Generating the GUF 1.2.1 Global Urban Mapping Using Earth Observation 1.2.2 From TanDEM-X Imagery to GUF 1.2.2.1 Feature Extraction 1.2.2.2 Unsupervised Classification 1.2.2.3 Mosaicking 1.2.2.4 Automated Postprocessing1.3 The GUF Data Set 1.4 Analyzing Urban Footprints 1.5 Summary and Outlook Acknowledgments References Chapter 2: Development of On-Demand Human Settlement Mapping System Using Historical Satellite Archives 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Methodology of Automated Time-Series Human Settlement Mapping 2.2.1 Introduction 2.2.2 Learning with Local and Global Consistency 2.2.3 Composition of LLGC Results 2.3 Experimental Implementations of Time-Series Mapping System 2.3.1 Data and Processing 2.3.2 System Implementation 2.3.3 Experiment Results and Discussions 2.4 Development of On-Demand System2.4.1 Web-Based Mapping and Data Processing Standards 2.4.2 Implementation of On-Demand Data Processing Service 2.5 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Chapter 3: Morphological Building Index (MBI) and Its Applications to Urban Areas 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The Original MBI 3.3 Morphological Building/Shadow Index 3.4 Enhanced Building Index 3.5 Applications of MBI 3.5.1 Building Extraction 3.5.2 Change Detection 3.5.3 Image Classification 3.5.4 Urban Environment 3.6 Conclusion References Section II : Assessing and Modeling Urban Landscape Compositions, Patterns, and StructuresChapter 4: Stereo-Based Building Roof Mapping in Urban Off-Nadir VHR Satellite Images: Challenges and Solutions 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Principle of Stereo-Based Building Detection 4.2.1 Stereo Image Processing 4.2.1.1 Stereo-Based Information Generation 4.2.1.2 Stereo-Based Information Co-Registration 4.2.1.3 Stereo-Based Information Normalization 4.2.2 Building Detection 4.2.2.1 Image Fusion and Segmentation 4.2.2.2 Vegetation Suppression 4.2.2.3 Building Detection and Finishing 4.2.2.4 Map Geo-Referencing4.2.3 Performance Evaluation 4.3 Identified Challenges 4.3.1 Efficient Image-Elevation Co-Registration 4.3.2 Disparity Gaps and Normalization 4.3.3 Direct Map Geo-Referencing 4.4 Developed Solutions 4.4.1 Line-of-Sight DSM Solution 4.4.2 Registration-Based Mapping of the Aboveground Disparities 4.4.3 Disparity-Based Elevation Co-Registration 4.4.3.1 Image Projection and Rectification 4.4.3.2 Scale-Based Formulas Derivation 4.4.3.3 Applying the Derived Formulas 4.5 Experimental Results and Analysis 4.5.1 Data Sets Machine Generated Contents Note: Section I Data, Sensors, And Systems Considerations And Algorithms For Urban Feature Extraction -- Ch. 1 The Global Urban Footprint / Andreas Hirner -- Ch. 2 Development Of On-demand Human Settlement Mapping System Using Historical Satellite Archives / Ryosuke Shibasaki -- Ch. 3 Morphological Building Index (mbi) And Its Applications To Urban Areas / Tao Zhang -- Section Ii Assessing And Modeling Urban Landscape Compositions, Patterns, And Structures -- Ch. 4 Stereo-based Building Roof Mapping In Urban Off-nadir Vhr Satellite Images: Challenges And Solutions / Yun Zhang -- Ch. 5 Beyond Built-up: The Internal Makeup Of Urban Areas / Gerald Mills -- Ch. 6 Urban Change Detection Utilizing High-resolution Optical Images Taken From Different Viewing Angles And Different Platforms / Yun Zhang -- Section Iii Monitoring, Analyzing, And Modeling Urban Growth -- Ch. 7 Urbanization In India: Patterns, Visualization Of Cities, And Greenhouse Gas Inventory For Developing An Urban Observatory / T.v. Ramachandra -- Ch. 8 Mapping Impervious Surfaces In The Greater Hanoi Area, Vietnam, From Time Series Landsat Image 1988-2015 / Qihao Weng -- Ch. 9 City In Desert: Mapping Subpixel Urban Impervious Surface Area In A Desert Environment Using Spectral Unmixing And Machine Learning Methods / Weiying Lin -- Ch. 10 Application Of Remote Sensing And Cellular Automata Model To Analyze And Simulate Urban Density Changes / Natasha Picone -- Section Iv Urban Planning And Socioeconomic Applications -- Ch. 11 Developing Multiscale Heat Scores From H-res Airborne Thermal Infrared Imagery To Support Urban Energy Efficiency: Challenges Moving Forward / Christopher D. Kyle -- Ch. 12 Air Quality And Health Monitoring In Urban Areas Using Eo And Clinical Data / Paolo Gamba -- Ch. 13 Urban Green Mappping And Valuation / Daniel Holbling. Edited By Qihao Weng, Dale Quattrochi, Paolo Gamba. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. "Earth observation technology, in conjunction with in situ data collection, can be used to observe, monitor, measure, and model many of the components that comprise urban ecosystems cycles. Over the past decade, urban remote sensing has rapidly emerged as a new frontier in the Earth observation technology by focusing primarily on understanding the biophysical properties, patterns, and processes of urban landscapes, and mapping and monitoring of urban land cover and spatial extent. The second edition reflects new developments in satellite sensors, image processing methods and techniques, and the applications of urban remote sensing to meet societal and economic challenges at this time."--Provided by publisher The authors systematically examine all aspects of urban remote sensing, featuring a review of basic concepts, methodologies, and case studies.